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專題13 二次函數(shù)-中考數(shù)學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精講+熱考題型(專題測(cè)試)(解析版)

 中小學(xué)知識(shí)學(xué)堂 2023-02-08 發(fā)布于云南

專題13 二次函數(shù)

(滿分:100分 時(shí)間:90分鐘)

班級(jí)_________ 姓名_________  學(xué)號(hào)_________     分?jǐn)?shù)_________

一、單選題(10小題,,每小題3分,,共計(jì)30)

1.(山東菏澤市·中考真題)一次函數(shù)eqId8c11cddc3bc243248bdcc3b4893b20f3與二次函數(shù)eqId7a4cc0f432b541fc8bd4d546d911663a在同一平面直角坐標(biāo)系中的圖象可能是(   

Afigure   Bfigure

Cfigure  Dfigure

【答案】B

【分析】逐一分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),根據(jù)二次函數(shù)圖象的開口以及對(duì)稱軸與y軸的關(guān)系即可得出a,、b的正負(fù),,由此即可得出一次函數(shù)圖象經(jīng)過(guò)的象限,再與函數(shù)圖象進(jìn)行對(duì)比即可得出結(jié)論.

【詳解】解:A,、∵二次函數(shù)圖象開口向上,,對(duì)稱軸在y軸右側(cè),
a>0,,b0,,
一次函數(shù)圖象應(yīng)該過(guò)第一、三,、四象限,,A錯(cuò)誤;
B,、∵二次函數(shù)圖象開口向上,,對(duì)稱軸在y軸左側(cè),
a>0,,b>0,,
一次函數(shù)圖象應(yīng)該過(guò)第一、二,、三象限,,B正確;
C,、∵二次函數(shù)圖象開口向下,,對(duì)稱軸在y軸右側(cè),
a<0,,b>0,,
一次函數(shù)圖象應(yīng)該過(guò)第一、二,、四象限,,C錯(cuò)誤;
D,、∵二次函數(shù)圖象開口向下,,對(duì)稱軸在y軸左側(cè),
a0,,b0,,
一次函數(shù)圖象應(yīng)該過(guò)第二,、三、四象限,,D錯(cuò)誤.
故選:B

2.(四川達(dá)州市·中考真題)如圖,,直線eqIdfb9c7fff0834422baa8d428efac99c69與拋物線eqId49b171cbc3ff4adea4643349da905f40交于AB兩點(diǎn),,則eqId6c611e16a2704cb98fb959688a290d7a的圖象可能是(    )

figure

Afigure   Bfigure

Cfigure   Dfigure

【答案】B

【分析】

根據(jù)題目所給的圖像,,首先判斷eqIdfb9c7fff0834422baa8d428efac99c69k0,其次判斷eqId49b171cbc3ff4adea4643349da905f40a0,,b0,,c0,再根據(jù)k,、b,、的符號(hào)判斷eqId6c611e16a2704cb98fb959688a290d7ab-k0,又a0,,c0可判斷出圖像.

【詳解】

解:由題圖像得eqIdfb9c7fff0834422baa8d428efac99c69k0,,eqId49b171cbc3ff4adea4643349da905f40a0b0,,c0,,

∴b-k0

函數(shù)eqId6c611e16a2704cb98fb959688a290d7a對(duì)稱軸x=eqId6cc8d39f191c4f3c858639037f9cbd960,,交x軸于負(fù)半軸,,

當(dāng)eqId82040f7eaaeb46958e97eb8b7b0c2d0f時(shí),即eqId6b32646ca84841e0a6a4e14c43d8be2e,,

移項(xiàng)得方程eqId0bba8ab2d7e04cf98cb5fff627f09713,,

直線eqIdfb9c7fff0834422baa8d428efac99c69與拋物線eqId49b171cbc3ff4adea4643349da905f40有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),

方程eqId0bba8ab2d7e04cf98cb5fff627f09713有兩個(gè)不等的解,,即eqId6c611e16a2704cb98fb959688a290d7ax軸有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),,

根據(jù)函數(shù)eqId6c611e16a2704cb98fb959688a290d7a對(duì)稱軸交x軸負(fù)半軸且函數(shù)圖像與x軸有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),

判斷B正確.

故選:B

3.(陜西中考真題)在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,,將拋物線yx2﹣(m1x+mm1)沿y軸向下平移3個(gè)單位.則平移后得到的拋物線的頂點(diǎn)一定在( ?。?/span>

A.第一象限   B.第二象限   C.第三象限   D.第四象限

【答案】D

【分析】根據(jù)平移規(guī)律得到平移后拋物線的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),然后結(jié)合eqIda4be99d332154d13a4a6ed1ff6444fe7的取值范圍判斷新拋物線的頂點(diǎn)所在的象限即可.

【詳解】

解:eqIddd48767ceba249f7b096975574d6fc85,,

eqIdeccbea6c2875460c8d8e1fa31067a0e2該拋物線頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是eqIdc3898ef6f5234dbeb71eb8823920d8b1,,eqIde5f21d6e33ef4538b937dee7303ae1ec

eqIdeccbea6c2875460c8d8e1fa31067a0e2將其沿eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f軸向下平移3個(gè)單位后得到的拋物線的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是eqIdc3898ef6f5234dbeb71eb8823920d8b1,,eqIdd0ba0596f1a145fcb389876a4daf47ac,,

eqId499d2d157698477bb1a95cd4156e77ec

eqIdbde35c5fba6442079933cc410a00a237

eqIdeccbea6c2875460c8d8e1fa31067a0e2eqIdd683fbf19fff44229b9e607f9a667c6c,,

eqIddcc94194a30b4c3b9accd7aeb004be9b,,

eqIdeccbea6c2875460c8d8e1fa31067a0e2點(diǎn)eqIdc3898ef6f5234dbeb71eb8823920d8b1eqIdd0ba0596f1a145fcb389876a4daf47ac在第四象限,;

故選:eqId0cd8063abf2b458f80091bc51b75a904

4.(新疆中考真題)二次函數(shù)eqIdf4b3b9954b454c028d0f8e1121ceafc7的圖像如圖所示,,則一次函數(shù)eqId5e8341e915984358b44ddad8fdc53cd6和反比例函數(shù)eqIda2a9c258d05d48c3ac7ede8af560b9d9在同一平面直角坐標(biāo)系中的圖像可能是(   

figure

AfigureBfigureCfigureDfigure

【答案】D

【分析】

根據(jù)二次函數(shù)圖象開口向上得到a0,再根據(jù)對(duì)稱軸確定出b,,根據(jù)與y軸的交點(diǎn)確定出c0,然后確定出一次函數(shù)圖象與反比例函數(shù)圖象的情況,,即可得解.

【詳解】

解:∵二次函數(shù)圖象開口方向向上,,
a0
對(duì)稱軸為直線eqId8862cc1b4c134ac19a55e49a8d3a0f670,,
b0,,
y軸的正半軸相交,
c0,,
y=ax+b的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)第一,、三象限,且與y軸的負(fù)半軸相交,,
反比例函數(shù)eqIda2a9c258d05d48c3ac7ede8af560b9d9圖象在第一,、三象限,

只有D選項(xiàng)的圖像符合題意,;

故選:D

5.(湖北黃石市·中考真題)若二次函數(shù)eqIdf99d3f74038948a19a4fb7dd77b585f6的圖象,,過(guò)不同的六點(diǎn)eqId0e0433fe0e1a437fa53abebdd1019d96eqIda814d6197440450da19909c29662c937,、eqId7f53fbb899764699a0181fe9b02cef21,、eqIdc20d369bdc224a6ea4ed71997df1e54feqId67efb13eb5094219823e7d4492d34fca,、eqId391c6febf8424a1c9608ef6a409c9ed8,,則eqId24fe5f2832a74b80bb84033f7541f6faeqId1667fee1c7b246c683b296003cb04180,、eqIdcad86ef408ca4dc2b3417ddecd83fdd6的大小關(guān)系是(   

AeqIdd00a772e3b934185855d1f22a13c8ea4   BeqId2cb32f0b27a646b0bbc984d67421e1df   CeqId077d1bc7ae6c43239970a7a0214d002c   DeqId02f4c35be4cc4e0e9856b61152a9ce9a

【答案】D

【分析】

根據(jù)題意,,把AB,、C三點(diǎn)代入解析式,,求出eqId24fabe2abf954712a63444b89ff9cc7f,再求出拋物線的對(duì)稱軸,,利用二次根式的對(duì)稱性,,即可得到答案.

【詳解】

解:根據(jù)題意,把點(diǎn)eqId0e0433fe0e1a437fa53abebdd1019d96,、eqIda814d6197440450da19909c29662c937,、eqId7f53fbb899764699a0181fe9b02cef21代入eqIdf99d3f74038948a19a4fb7dd77b585f6,,則

eqIdff1cb05d0cf2405ab365cb886adebaf2

消去c,,則得到eqId97c55f3934aa4e668d450f787ff8a24d,,

解得:eqId24fabe2abf954712a63444b89ff9cc7f

拋物線的對(duì)稱軸為:eqId229e485d2ddd4fdfb7b7bb507960115f,,

eqId6b946dcfe52b4ecf9798684495f8bd22與對(duì)稱軸的距離最近,;eqIdaae32e4842fa46129dbcdfa6f070ce26與對(duì)稱軸的距離最遠(yuǎn);拋物線開口向上,,

eqId02f4c35be4cc4e0e9856b61152a9ce9a,;

故選:D

6.(天津中考真題)已知拋物線eqId7a4cc0f432b541fc8bd4d546d911663aeqId0ce93bfa1f6a4a23b3258410dd19847a是常數(shù),eqIde63f3814ab2444fea4c45e4b560986f7)經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)eqIdff3adf8a16054512af2a8e68dfedc9ca,,其對(duì)稱軸是直線eqId3842beeb117f4a0c8210f663dbb3467b.有下列結(jié)論:

eqId1225e2cb05b94e7da2994dc209cb7ff2,;

關(guān)于x的方程eqIde236534dc5f34db6944dfa838c52dcc1有兩個(gè)不等的實(shí)數(shù)根;

eqId87e51907ebca432ba6a292fabb016ff2

其中,,正確結(jié)論的個(gè)數(shù)是(   

A0   B1   C2   D3

【答案】C

【分析】

根據(jù)對(duì)稱軸和拋物線與x軸的一個(gè)交點(diǎn),,得到另一個(gè)交點(diǎn),然后根據(jù)圖象確定答案即可判斷①根據(jù)根的判別式eqIdc2fb020d5a6e4f408e230e0d9b0287d4,,即可判斷②,;根據(jù)eqId16c38e0b766542d5900010da4c2c83b4以及c=-2a,即可判斷③.

【詳解】

拋物線eqId7a4cc0f432b541fc8bd4d546d911663a經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)eqIdff3adf8a16054512af2a8e68dfedc9ca,,對(duì)稱軸是直線eqId3842beeb117f4a0c8210f663dbb3467b,,

拋物線經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)eqId880f8b086d874bb3a039cd4d25019e50b=-a

當(dāng)x= -1時(shí),,0=a-b+c,,∴c=-2a;當(dāng)x=2時(shí),0=4a+2b+c,,

a+b=0,,∴ab<0,∵c>1,,

abc<0,,由此①是錯(cuò)誤的,

eqIdbbdba8a9fa1547d8aa4201dba5baf016,,而eqId2c07a82215514a4eaf0b1325853b8f48

關(guān)于x的方程eqIde236534dc5f34db6944dfa838c52dcc1有兩個(gè)不等的實(shí)數(shù)根,,②正確;

eqId16c38e0b766542d5900010da4c2c83b4,,c=-2a>1,, eqId87e51907ebca432ba6a292fabb016ff2正確

故選:C.

7.(山西中考真題)豎直上拋物體離地面的高度eqId6a5fecb6936d4ef79356475888d13436與運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間eqIdbc795b6e6d4549d390d267339d2c24bb之間的關(guān)系可以近似地用公式eqId3e742fc319734197901710b18ff64f36表示,其中eqIdcabe1f3501ba40fbb888417119feefe5是物體拋出時(shí)離地面的高度,,eqIded986af03888479cb4ddb13cc55d89e3是物體拋出時(shí)的速度.某人將一個(gè)小球從距地面eqId9c259ea4301d4156bf60509575986df1的高處以eqId0f26d2e982b843aab50bcc79409293de的速度豎直向上拋出,,小球達(dá)到的離地面的最大高度為(   

AeqId8b5bc39a3721499481c2015602f352b8  BeqIdf38988bc0265431eb3de314832fcb94d    CeqId80206a3141dc484c916f86b6718415d7  DeqId1989a4dac55a4e9783114606f328faab

【答案】C

【分析】eqId2a22c02599724b219fb990d0925d8296=eqIdf7d276eda76047d3b849c8b6125ca0e8eqId01e4e3ba2b884bf7a2ffa5254dc2b70c=eqId7d78b3d9ec5c4ac687714914740d55df代入eqId3e742fc319734197901710b18ff64f36,,利用二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)求出最大值,,即可得出答案.

【詳解】

解:依題意得:eqId2a22c02599724b219fb990d0925d8296=eqIdf7d276eda76047d3b849c8b6125ca0e8,,eqId01e4e3ba2b884bf7a2ffa5254dc2b70c=eqId7d78b3d9ec5c4ac687714914740d55df,,

eqId2a22c02599724b219fb990d0925d8296=eqIdf7d276eda76047d3b849c8b6125ca0e8eqId01e4e3ba2b884bf7a2ffa5254dc2b70c=eqId7d78b3d9ec5c4ac687714914740d55df代入eqId3e742fc319734197901710b18ff64f36eqId85d1b5da0e524f2883098c0133239711

當(dāng)eqIdbc14ac818a79474f9bfe1614c074cd6b時(shí),,eqIdb2cb32c0705b4d85b2476b641d77f98e

故小球達(dá)到的離地面的最大高度為:eqId80206a3141dc484c916f86b6718415d7

故選:C

8.(遼寧葫蘆島市·中考真題)如圖,,二次函數(shù)eqId71ae3af2635d4a539ecc3f35fad28f33的圖象的對(duì)稱軸是直線eqIde2438cad3e88423da9bd343eb1d680a9,,則以下四個(gè)結(jié)論中:①eqId1225e2cb05b94e7da2994dc209cb7ff2,②eqId43edbeac7d7d49c09f3aa22bda4a9d46,,③eqIde8392c5672f14a64ad20b6120e653455,④eqId9fc6e0cb3c2b46c883ecb2d3f5c15059.正確的個(gè)數(shù)是(   

figure

A1   B2   C3   D4

【答案】B

【分析】

由開口方向,,對(duì)稱軸方程,,與eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f軸的交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)判斷eqId0ce93bfa1f6a4a23b3258410dd19847a的符號(hào),從而可判斷①②,,利用與eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f軸的交點(diǎn)位置得到eqIdad7cefefaba947e1a168bca491c4fca1eqId37705e1ef6a84bbdbe88433e75932cdf,,結(jié)合eqId70a27b6ddf6b478285353abb3b1f3741eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51 可判斷③,利用當(dāng)eqId04d8496b86d64bc7895c78082218a0b9 結(jié)合圖像與對(duì)稱軸可判斷④.

【詳解】

解:由函數(shù)圖像的開口向下得eqId70a27b6ddf6b478285353abb3b1f3741eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51

由對(duì)稱軸為eqId492370a8a43c4c1ca14b4ece43caed3aeqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51 所以eqIdaea992e70d4943e49e893817eb885ed7eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51

由函數(shù)與eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f軸交于正半軸,,所以eqIdad7cefefaba947e1a168bca491c4fca1eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51

eqId46b475ba9b41487faa216eeb1cf43ec2eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51 故①錯(cuò)誤,;

eqId98e83822dc744558ba92b64c8f4108f0

eqIdb890c6b5c36b4b3e9a7c9234c0f169d3 

eqId48c22944e9344ee1aefd90ce28e19d77 故②正確,;

eqId4567fe192f504e52a33d1eaa16c9a618 由交點(diǎn)位置可得:eqIdad7cefefaba947e1a168bca491c4fca1eqId37705e1ef6a84bbdbe88433e75932cdf,,

eqIde80eb29016a245c2a184682717a19408eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51

eqId0a0039fd42a44f7cbabb8d7ecad5ab81eqId7ba36cc6a9464518bcf3d1535f7d3dbe

eqIdc63087372b8c4ffb803641d517d7747beqIdf8efe72723224ecbbe12e128604c7cfe

eqId8617a45436304518bf012a7941a852de 

eqIdc63087372b8c4ffb803641d517d7747beqId7bc0dc081e004c8ca353e414d541189d 故③錯(cuò)誤,;

由圖像知:當(dāng)eqId04d8496b86d64bc7895c78082218a0b9

此時(shí)點(diǎn)eqId4f2e0343b7634949a2d62a7e6ab99e65在第三象限,,

eqId739544355353428e81717bf5063051d3eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51

eqId274689d06eb14369b7795ebdbe462412 

eqId2d8ff144a6bd43e98818a5e26a7a92f5eqId0e09da3dad0449b4b005e8b3cc7eac51 故④正確;

綜上:正確的有:②④,,

故選B

9.(浙江杭州市·中考真題)設(shè)函數(shù)yaxh2+ka,,hk是實(shí)數(shù),,a≠0),,當(dāng)x1時(shí),y1,;當(dāng)x8時(shí),,y8,(  )

Ah4,,則a0    Bh5,,則a0

Ch6,則a0  Dh7,,則a0

【答案】C

【分析】

當(dāng)x1時(shí),,y1;當(dāng)x8時(shí),,y8,;代入函數(shù)式整理得a92h)=1,將h的值分別代入即可得出結(jié)果.

【詳解】

解:當(dāng)x1時(shí),,y1,;當(dāng)x8時(shí),y8,;代入函數(shù)式得:eqIda3317ddcc94c4a2584ca151294841340,,

a8h2a1h27

整理得:a92h)=1,,

h4,,則a1,故A錯(cuò)誤,;

h5,,則a=﹣1,故B錯(cuò)誤,;

h6,,則a=﹣eqIda8012d5322b240128851ebf3cd086e12,故C正確,;

h7,,則a=﹣eqIde1490df2d2c84688942d45fd01c90a85,故D錯(cuò)誤,;

故選:C

10.(湖北襄陽(yáng)市·中考真題)二次函數(shù)eqId7a4cc0f432b541fc8bd4d546d911663a的圖象如圖所示,,下列結(jié)論:①eqId4b77f42bcdfd4ca98691c90d54073d5e;②eqIdd3c99c68650b4ece8150a4a392a3470c,;③eqId97cd1d71da064b3caf862e62859466b7,;④當(dāng)eqId94bb45debbb04d02b0ef2d8ce5ff015a時(shí),yx的增大而減小,,其中正確的有(   

figure

A4個(gè)  B3個(gè)  C2個(gè)  D1個(gè)

【答案】B

【分析】

根據(jù)拋物線的開口向上,,得到a0,由于拋物線與y軸交于負(fù)半軸,,得到c0,,于是得到ac0,,故①正確;根據(jù)拋物線的對(duì)稱軸為直線x?eqId152e71566630403b891ad1aad7516309,,于是得到2ab0,,當(dāng)x=-1時(shí),得到eqIdd3c99c68650b4ece8150a4a392a3470c故②正確,;把x2代入函數(shù)解析式得到4a2bc0,,故③錯(cuò)誤;拋物線與x軸有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),,也就是它所對(duì)應(yīng)的方程有兩個(gè)不相等的實(shí)數(shù)根,,即可得出③正確根據(jù)二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)當(dāng)x1時(shí),y隨著x的增大而增大,,故④錯(cuò)誤.

【詳解】

解:①∵拋物線開口向上與y軸交于負(fù)半軸,,

a0,c0

ac0

故①正確;

②∵拋物線的對(duì)稱軸是x=1,,

eqIdb2c646a621634643b8959f1a15c795e0

b=-2a

當(dāng)x=-1時(shí),,y=0

0=a-b+c

3a+c=0

故②正確;

③∵拋物線與x軸有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),,即一元二次方程eqId1214520a8c214a279f6b39671c3fd557有兩個(gè)不相等的實(shí)數(shù)解

eqIdc2fb020d5a6e4f408e230e0d9b0287d4

eqId97cd1d71da064b3caf862e62859466b7

故③正確,;

當(dāng)-1x1時(shí),yx的增大而減小,,當(dāng)x1時(shí)yx的增大而增大.

故④錯(cuò)誤

所以正確的答案有①、②,、③共3個(gè)

故選:B

二,、填空題(5小題,每小題4分,,共計(jì)20)

11.(貴州黔東南苗族侗族自治州·中考真題)拋物線yax2+bx+ca0)的部分圖象如圖所示,,其與x軸的一個(gè)交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(﹣30),,對(duì)稱軸為x=﹣1,,則當(dāng)y0時(shí),x的取值范圍是_____

figure

【答案】3x1

【分析】

根據(jù)拋物線與x軸的一個(gè)交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)和對(duì)稱軸,,由拋物線的對(duì)稱性可求拋物線與x軸的另一個(gè)交點(diǎn),,再根據(jù)拋物線的增減性可求當(dāng)y0時(shí),x的取值范圍.

【詳解】

解:∵拋物線yax2+bx+ca0)與x軸的一個(gè)交點(diǎn)為(﹣3,,0),,對(duì)稱軸為x=﹣1

拋物線與x軸的另一個(gè)交點(diǎn)為(1,,0),,

由圖象可知,,當(dāng)y0時(shí),x的取值范圍是﹣3x1

故答案為:﹣3x1

12.(江蘇淮安市·中考真題)二次函數(shù)eqId292f5fa8e712478b92e40647227426d7的圖像的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是_________

【答案】(-1,4)

【分析】

把二次函數(shù)解析式配方轉(zhuǎn)化為頂點(diǎn)式解析式,,即可得到頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo).

【詳解】

解:∵eqId292f5fa8e712478b92e40647227426d7=-(x+1)2+4,,
頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(-1,4)
故答案為(-1,4)

13.(遼寧朝陽(yáng)市·中考真題)拋物線eqIda0a2e164c63541a4bdd56fb2cd74c410x軸有交點(diǎn),則k的取值范圍是___________________

【答案】eqId407026591e4a4070b2924205a2209d6feqId46c37a0331c64d72b530fc8b1123c669

【分析】

直接利用根的判別式進(jìn)行計(jì)算,,再結(jié)合eqId602ef5d63b294050973b201857f3d960,,即可得到答案.

【詳解】

解:∵拋物線eqIda0a2e164c63541a4bdd56fb2cd74c410x軸有交點(diǎn),

eqId522db852d0724bc0932f8e721403136f,,

eqId7f938fade74041e89e362d82349113a7,,

又∵eqId602ef5d63b294050973b201857f3d960

eqId46c37a0331c64d72b530fc8b1123c669,,

k的取值范圍是eqId407026591e4a4070b2924205a2209d6feqId46c37a0331c64d72b530fc8b1123c669,;

故答案為:eqId407026591e4a4070b2924205a2209d6feqId46c37a0331c64d72b530fc8b1123c669

14.(江蘇連云港市·中考真題)加工爆米花時(shí),爆開且不糊的顆粒的百分比稱為“可食用率”.在特定條件下,,可食用率eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f與加工時(shí)間eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200(單位:eqIdd308e7eed16b47ddabf575f6931412d1)滿足函數(shù)表達(dá)式eqId6471bc2912a94a11ab60de3bc060dc0d,,則最佳加工時(shí)間為________eqIdd308e7eed16b47ddabf575f6931412d1

【答案】3.75

【分析】

根據(jù)二次函數(shù)的對(duì)稱軸公式eqId8862cc1b4c134ac19a55e49a8d3a0f67直接計(jì)算即可.

【詳解】

解:∵eqId6471bc2912a94a11ab60de3bc060dc0d的對(duì)稱軸為eqIdda17f5d946b64240b55ca576c0d9917cmin),

故:最佳加工時(shí)間為3.75min,,

故答案為:3.75

15.(山東青島市·中考真題)拋物線eqIdeb446e952c3a4617a7309359986ac2c9eqId4d2187284c5d4de29906363f7d21f60f為常數(shù))與eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200軸交點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù)是__________

【答案】2

【分析】

求出?的值,,根據(jù)?的值判斷即可.

【詳解】

解:∵?=4(k-1)2+8k=4k2+4>0

拋物線與eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200軸有2個(gè)交點(diǎn).

故答案為:2

三,、解答題(5小題,,每小題10分,共計(jì)50)

16.(甘肅蘭州市·中考真題)某商家銷售一款商品,,進(jìn)價(jià)每件80元,,售價(jià)每件145元,每天銷售40件,,每銷售一件需支付給商場(chǎng)管理費(fèi)5元,,未來(lái)一個(gè)月eqId28fe7ea2cdd940a3890be5a8f24864c930天計(jì)算eqId1dff27163d4a47f3a3201b3b8d5ae407,這款商品將開展每天降價(jià)1的促銷活動(dòng),,即從第一天開始每天的單價(jià)均比前一天降低1元,,通過(guò)市場(chǎng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),該商品單價(jià)每降1元,,每天銷售量增加2件,,設(shè)第xeqId04d7c6264a174c08b821596b267c610cx為整數(shù)eqId1dff27163d4a47f3a3201b3b8d5ae407的銷售量為y件.

eqId7b0c876472714a72ae295f233fb0622a直接寫出yx的函數(shù)關(guān)系式;

eqId6a74229c63d7479c8ff55ba05baf9afe設(shè)第x天的利潤(rùn)為w元,,試求出wx之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,,并求出哪一天的利潤(rùn)最大?最大利潤(rùn)是多少元,?

【答案】eqIdbd4d672805d648649c3ee5fa2f65ca0b,;eqId6a74229c63d7479c8ff55ba05baf9afe20天的利潤(rùn)最大,,最大利潤(rùn)是3200元.

【分析】

(1)根據(jù)銷量=原價(jià)的銷量+增加的銷量即可得到yx的函數(shù)關(guān)系式;

(2)根據(jù)每天售出的件數(shù)×每件盈利=利潤(rùn)即可得到的Wx之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,,即可得出結(jié)論.

【詳解】

eqId7b0c876472714a72ae295f233fb0622a由題意可知eqId518b9038c59646a5aeafe8ab8ae1fd68,;

eqId6a74229c63d7479c8ff55ba05baf9afe根據(jù)題意可得:eqId0dbb5b52ae2d4178a88ac2987a2427f5

eqId1c776580d6444967b8c08dc1a1066a00,,

eqId6706e80996ef47b2984071db360a5d88,,

eqId4df920dfa8b04ddbb9cccb9baca4a05e

eqIdeccbea6c2875460c8d8e1fa31067a0e2函數(shù)有最大值,,

eqIdeccbea6c2875460c8d8e1fa31067a0e2當(dāng)eqId0ede7ead392e4f5cac05602b87e5013b時(shí),,w有最大值為3200元,

eqIdeccbea6c2875460c8d8e1fa31067a0e220天的利潤(rùn)最大,,最大利潤(rùn)是3200元.

17.(山東臨沂市·中考真題)已知拋物線eqId3465c5c4c3084d109b94736536272b04

(1)求這條拋物線的對(duì)稱軸,;

(2)若該拋物線的頂點(diǎn)在x軸上,求其解析式,;

(3)設(shè)點(diǎn)eqId86af133638e540d687a8d9d34808769c,,eqId3d7f788b1f1c4055b9ebb191ad9c1585在拋物線上,若eqId87f771b73c0448c6b65ac8ed0aeab60c,,求m的取值范圍.

【答案】1eqId5db4a4f976ba42089c0439595abeb40b,;(2eqId1d2b24110c75418a87953ceaaf6cf757eqIdb97fe753838e4bb2834ad69fbe85e4fb;(3)當(dāng)a0時(shí),,eqId3211b236c348482a99c583445e4a2170,;當(dāng)a0時(shí),eqId19238f6f869c4c2cb6072b56ab9e3960eqIdff1fa90606b74654846d8455bb04abb1

【分析】

1)將二次函數(shù)化為頂點(diǎn)式,,即可得到對(duì)稱軸,;

2)根據(jù)(1)中的頂點(diǎn)式,得到頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),,令頂點(diǎn)縱坐標(biāo)等于0,解一元二次方程,,即可得到eqId70a27b6ddf6b478285353abb3b1f3741的值,,進(jìn)而得到其解析式;

3)根據(jù)拋物線的對(duì)稱性求得點(diǎn)Q關(guān)于對(duì)稱軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn),,再結(jié)合二次函數(shù)的圖象與性質(zhì),,即可得到eqIda4be99d332154d13a4a6ed1ff6444fe7的取值范圍.

【詳解】

1)∵eqId8e691a49cb6243c3a75867e685346fa6

eqId86318987c04f40a6a28ca1c723a0354d,,

其對(duì)稱軸為:eqId5db4a4f976ba42089c0439595abeb40b

2)由(1)知拋物線的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為:eqId7911e59f3e7d4c88a6ac5af6ca66d391,,

拋物線頂點(diǎn)在eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200軸上,

eqId5bdd5ea0a3c248e9a2a7c5ffe8914d72,,

解得:eqIde478b10f4c204f18a3fd6625f1017781eqIdd78df7c3aa4747a4b868757aa0e4e3f5,,

當(dāng)eqIde478b10f4c204f18a3fd6625f1017781時(shí),,其解析式為:eqId1d2b24110c75418a87953ceaaf6cf757

當(dāng)eqIdd78df7c3aa4747a4b868757aa0e4e3f5時(shí),,其解析式為:eqIdb97fe753838e4bb2834ad69fbe85e4fb,,

綜上,二次函數(shù)解析式為:eqId1d2b24110c75418a87953ceaaf6cf757eqIdb97fe753838e4bb2834ad69fbe85e4fb

3)由(1)知,,拋物線的對(duì)稱軸為eqId5db4a4f976ba42089c0439595abeb40b,,

eqId3d7f788b1f1c4055b9ebb191ad9c1585關(guān)于eqId5db4a4f976ba42089c0439595abeb40b的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為eqIddbfa645843c2468baa623ea59efa63fb

當(dāng)a0時(shí),,若eqId87f771b73c0448c6b65ac8ed0aeab60c,,

-1m3

當(dāng)a0時(shí),,若eqId87f771b73c0448c6b65ac8ed0aeab60c,,

m-1m3.

18.(甘肅金昌市·中考真題)如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,,拋物線eqId6088eb4521404ecca9bda3e3eb458fe7eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200軸于eqIdcc614bd3390c4d028df189b234dcc351,,eqId8754ce8cf7f34f04abb9a0c041f57f5c兩點(diǎn),交eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f軸于點(diǎn)eqId19a4eb16029e4550a14f2afe4741a3c3,,且eqIdc632b8405c87474cb450db1367f4e5a5,,點(diǎn)eqIdbedf755e0fdb4d078d6859360706b163是第三象限內(nèi)拋物線上的一動(dòng)點(diǎn).

1)求此拋物線的表達(dá)式;

2)若eqId26ebdabc264a43d28e85c287eeddeedd,,求點(diǎn)eqIdbedf755e0fdb4d078d6859360706b163的坐標(biāo),;

3)連接eqIdcf2da96900c948a1b3ce7cbfd420c080,求eqId62d8369e43a6440b832664a3d6caa906面積的最大值及此時(shí)點(diǎn)eqIdbedf755e0fdb4d078d6859360706b163的坐標(biāo).

figure

【答案】1eqId41f423dfd1614459b59c27d959e47105,;(2)(eqIda22bc7a938484bec9fa2ac7d3ad32b7c,,eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f);(3eqId62d8369e43a6440b832664a3d6caa906面積的最大值是8,;點(diǎn)eqIdbedf755e0fdb4d078d6859360706b163的坐標(biāo)為(eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f,,eqId1d18010fc29e4f45abaaece953793246).

【分析】

1)由二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì),求出點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo),,然后得到點(diǎn)A,、點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo),再求出解析式即可,;

2)由eqId26ebdabc264a43d28e85c287eeddeedd,,則點(diǎn)P的縱坐標(biāo)為eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f,代入解析式,,即可求出點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo),;

3)先求出直線AC的解析式,過(guò)點(diǎn)PPDy軸,,交AC于點(diǎn)D,,則eqId0382d19de00d4ef3bdc586115d528d2e,,設(shè)點(diǎn)P為(eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200eqIdb9717e9f91d6412986dc47f60eddc56d),,則點(diǎn)D為(eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200,,eqId1b0ce40a3244425eb0b995564b727913),求出PD的長(zhǎng)度,,利用二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì),,即可得到面積的最大值,再求出點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)即可.

【詳解】

解:(1)在拋物線eqId6088eb4521404ecca9bda3e3eb458fe7中,,

eqId734efaee458a411da0aa2714e3e685a0,,則eqIdce86a3ff06014e889756c903af5d21c4

點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為(0,,eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f),,

OC=2

eqIdc632b8405c87474cb450db1367f4e5a5,,

eqId1d3e5d30b85540078988ba8f8eaa0df2,,eqId3fffdb6dd4f2485c95d80336cafc3c18

點(diǎn)A為(eqId4e2a05e4ed5345bfa9b26d9fbd866b59,,0),,點(diǎn)B為(eqId49b7b111d23b44a9990c2312dc3b7ed90),,

則把點(diǎn)A,、B代入解析式,得

eqIde20c4afcbc18464993aa6fc487f6814e,,解得:eqId9101d5ddb09541869351833c79656f3b,,

eqId41f423dfd1614459b59c27d959e47105

2)由題意,,∵eqId26ebdabc264a43d28e85c287eeddeedd,,點(diǎn)C為(0eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f),,

點(diǎn)P的縱坐標(biāo)為eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f,,

eqIdce86a3ff06014e889756c903af5d21c4,則eqIdd62f111cbbfa4408939566213e34c8b8,,

解得:eqIdafa6e583e2e6402ba9ee52efaee49297eqId5d2ff13ae9ec4ba1a60cace65367e22a,,

點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)為(eqIda22bc7a938484bec9fa2ac7d3ad32b7c,,eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f);

3)設(shè)直線AC的解析式為eqId1c3feb0322174e5ab0f1118b0842b7df,,則

把點(diǎn)A,、C代入,,得

eqId21dade2f9cf04bf694ec7ec42962194c,解得:eqId9543cba370164376bf297b298b567c37,,

直線AC的解析式為eqId53f484cf0dff430985aca7869489d431,;

過(guò)點(diǎn)PPDy軸,交AC于點(diǎn)D,,如圖:

figure

設(shè)點(diǎn)P 為(eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200,,eqIdb9717e9f91d6412986dc47f60eddc56d),則點(diǎn)D為(eqIda9cd3f94eb8045438f75e9daccfa7200,,eqId1b0ce40a3244425eb0b995564b727913),,

eqId581ff4000eec46bea4aad11160f4d4bf

OA=4,,

eqId473c16d7fac24803a9c37477d1f38a57,,

eqId80b22e29c5764075a88734bea2b8c460

當(dāng)eqId8e222b35ffdc4871a6a47ee7ddc18b42時(shí),,eqIde21ae39f925848b79eb57ca803069798取最大值8,;

eqIdf79d031afebf45c5ba86c469f246e669

點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)為(eqId30c998d35a344d80a18e14a8c8f2d14f,,eqId1d18010fc29e4f45abaaece953793246).

19.(安徽中考真題)在平而直角坐標(biāo)系中,,已知點(diǎn)eqId884b8e04c41a4c5ba19e15697b6f3dae,直線eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5c經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)eqIdcc614bd3390c4d028df189b234dcc351.拋物線eqId9cbfcdea1909425fab6abe1d1ff59815恰好經(jīng)過(guò)eqId10bbe48f886a4fa78fdf8c1fd064f9b4三點(diǎn)中的兩點(diǎn).

eqId4f304408ff99439fb00d393e23b5ef99判斷點(diǎn)eqId8754ce8cf7f34f04abb9a0c041f57f5c是否在直線eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5c上.并說(shuō)明理由,;

eqIdfe8a430550574b23a069a9e28efd7dcbeqId4959a8a13c0b40f3a3b076626a4b616c的值,;

eqIddd0bc5d2145e4fa4868532ad2196ea85平移拋物線eqId9cbfcdea1909425fab6abe1d1ff59815,使其頂點(diǎn)仍在直線eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5c上,,求平移后所得拋物線與eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f軸交點(diǎn)縱坐標(biāo)的最大值.

【答案】1)點(diǎn)eqId8754ce8cf7f34f04abb9a0c041f57f5c在直線eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5c上,,理由見(jiàn)詳解;(2a=-1,,b=2,;(3eqId737d7241bd534a9b8645a03265240eb4

【分析】

1)先將A代入eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5c,求出直線解析式,,然后將將B代入看式子能否成立即可,;

2)先跟拋物線eqId9cbfcdea1909425fab6abe1d1ff59815與直線AB都經(jīng)過(guò)(01)點(diǎn),,且B,,C兩點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)相同,判斷出拋物線只能經(jīng)過(guò)A,,C兩點(diǎn),,然后將AC兩點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)代入eqId9cbfcdea1909425fab6abe1d1ff59815得出關(guān)于ab的二元一次方程組,;

3)設(shè)平移后所得拋物線的對(duì)應(yīng)表達(dá)式為y=-x-h2+k,,根據(jù)頂點(diǎn)在直線eqId13da983273374df0a9033c2959a181c8上,得出k=h+1,,令x=0,,得到平移后拋物線與y軸交點(diǎn)的縱坐標(biāo)為-h2+h+1,在將式子配方即可求出最大值.

【詳解】

1)點(diǎn)eqId8754ce8cf7f34f04abb9a0c041f57f5c在直線eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5c上,,理由如下:

A1,,2)代入eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5ceqId5c0eb70fe0b14239b2e207e1ca5ad2ac

解得m=1,,

直線解析式為eqId13da983273374df0a9033c2959a181c8,,

B23)代入eqId13da983273374df0a9033c2959a181c8,,式子成立,,

點(diǎn)eqId8754ce8cf7f34f04abb9a0c041f57f5c在直線eqIdc1cceaf71d164cfebc2b898cac38eb5c上;

2)∵拋物線eqId9cbfcdea1909425fab6abe1d1ff59815與直線AB都經(jīng)過(guò)(0,,1)點(diǎn),,且BC兩點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)相同,,

拋物線只能經(jīng)過(guò)A,,C兩點(diǎn),

A,,C兩點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)代入eqId9cbfcdea1909425fab6abe1d1ff59815eqId17d271b3534f48ea97f4324023b19172,,

解得:a=-1b=2,;

3)設(shè)平移后所得拋物線的對(duì)應(yīng)表達(dá)式為y=-x-h2+k,,

頂點(diǎn)在直線eqId13da983273374df0a9033c2959a181c8上,

k=h+1,,

x=0,,得到平移后拋物線與y軸交點(diǎn)的縱坐標(biāo)為-h2+h+1

-h2+h+1=-h-eqId49b7b111d23b44a9990c2312dc3b7ed92+eqId737d7241bd534a9b8645a03265240eb4,,

當(dāng)h=eqId49b7b111d23b44a9990c2312dc3b7ed9時(shí),,此拋物線與eqId072d7d6b911b42bc89207e72515ebf5f軸交點(diǎn)的縱坐標(biāo)取得最大值eqId737d7241bd534a9b8645a03265240eb4

20.(江蘇宿遷市·中考真題)某超市經(jīng)銷一種商品,每千克成本為50元,,經(jīng)試銷發(fā)現(xiàn),,該種商品的每天銷售量y(千克)與銷售單價(jià)x(元/千克)滿足一次函數(shù)關(guān)系,其每天銷售單價(jià),,銷售量的四組對(duì)應(yīng)值如下表所示:

銷售單價(jià)x(元/千克)

55

60

65

70

銷售量y(千克)

70

60

50

40

1)求y(千克)與x(元/千克)之間的函數(shù)表達(dá)式,;

2)為保證某天獲得600元的銷售利潤(rùn),則該天的銷售單價(jià)應(yīng)定為多少?

3)當(dāng)銷售單價(jià)定為多少時(shí),,才能使當(dāng)天的銷售利潤(rùn)最大?最大利潤(rùn)是多少,?

【答案】1eqId3525a714287348e5a019871ed737b9f4,;(260元/千克或80元/千克;(370元/千克,;800

【分析】

1)利用待定系數(shù)法來(lái)求一次函數(shù)的解析式即可,;

2)依題意可列出關(guān)于銷售單價(jià)x的方程,然后解一元二次方程組即可,;

3)利用每件的利潤(rùn)乘以銷售量可得總利潤(rùn),,然后根據(jù)二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算即可.

【詳解】

解:(1)設(shè)yx之間的函數(shù)表達(dá)式為eqIda455bff9238740338594f6b6dd156f9eeqId5b17c01381b644fc97e206d820ccce89),將表中數(shù)據(jù)(55,,70),、(6060)代入得:

eqIdb98f386deac84dc391c8b81a0a0c18e4,,

解得:eqIdcf7b0e586fa94aef811eb1b2e7e4171e,,

yx之間的函數(shù)表達(dá)式為eqIda14dcc6b1d8d4dba87b9402d21c418fe

2)由題意得:eqId90af7460ae2042c9a7643382a37b34b0,,

整理得eqId0d9d47f1d5884aefa9b6f7055d664db4,,

解得eqIdea0002d94a3a4f83b4b54de5a8368dc6

答:為保證某天獲得600元的銷售利潤(rùn),,則該天的銷售單價(jià)應(yīng)定為60元/千克或80元/千克,;

3)設(shè)當(dāng)天的銷售利潤(rùn)為w元,則:

eqId7fe8ce9c4ae14a79b8283378b4c251cb

eqIdbc20aea1d7704bd6b140d939190886cf,,

20,,

當(dāng)eqId255e7590afb1449fb6cb2f91e16514dc時(shí),w最大值=800

答:當(dāng)銷售單價(jià)定為70元/千克時(shí),,才能使當(dāng)天的銷售利潤(rùn)最大,,最大利潤(rùn)是800元.

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