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北京時(shí)間2022年10月10日17時(shí)45分（斯德哥爾摩時(shí)間2022年10月10日11時(shí)45分）,，2022年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)名單公布,，獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邽椋築en S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig。他們因關(guān)于“銀行與金融危機(jī)的研究”而獲獎(jiǎng),。 美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Ben Shalom Bernanke 生于1953年12月13日是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,，1979 年獲得麻省理工學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位，曾于2006年至2014年擔(dān)任美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)第14任主席,。研究范圍包括貨幣政策,、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)史等。 美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Douglas W. Diamond生于1953年,，1980年獲得耶魯大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士學(xué)位,，美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院士、芝加哥大學(xué)布斯商學(xué)院金融學(xué)教授,。畢業(yè)于芝加哥大學(xué)商學(xué)院,。專門從事金融中介、金融危機(jī)和流動(dòng)性的研究,。曾任美國(guó)金融協(xié)會(huì)主席,。為西方金融協(xié)會(huì)、美國(guó)藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院,、美國(guó)金融協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員,。Diamond是戴蒙德·迪布維格模型的提出者之一。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Philip H. Dybvig，美國(guó)圣·路易斯華盛頓大學(xué)奧林商學(xué)院金融學(xué)教授,、中國(guó)西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)金融研究院院長(zhǎng),。1981年獲美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士學(xué)位，先后在美國(guó)普林斯頓大學(xué),、耶魯大學(xué),、華盛頓大學(xué)（圣路易斯）工作，作為國(guó)際知名學(xué)者,，他長(zhǎng)期從事金融教學(xué)與研究,，在銀行理論、資產(chǎn)定價(jià),、利率理論,、公司治理、中央銀行貨幣政策等方面取得了卓越的成就,。 Their discoveries improved how society deals with financial crises This year’s laureates in the Economic Sciences, Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig, have significantly improved our understanding of the role of banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises. An important finding in their research is why avoiding bank collapses is vital.Modern banking research clarifies why we have banks, how to make them less vulnerable in crises and how bank collapses exacerbate financial crises. The foundations of this research were laid by Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig in the early 1980s. Their analyses have been of great practical importance in regulating financial markets and dealing with financial crises.For the economy to function, savings must be channelled to investments. However, there is a conflict here: savers want instant access to their money in case of unexpected outlays, while businesses and homeowners need to know they will not be forced to repay their loans prematurely. In their theory, Diamond and Dybvig show how banks offer an optimal solution to this problem. By acting as intermediaries that accept deposits from many savers, banks can allow depositors to access their money when they wish, while also offering long-term loans to borrowers.However, their analysis also showed how the combination of these two activities makes banks vulnerable to rumours about their imminent collapse. If a large number of savers simultaneously run to the bank to withdraw their money, the rumour may become a self-fulfilling prophecy – a bank run occurs and the bank collapses. These dangerous dynamics can be prevented through the government providing deposit insurance and acting as a lender of last resort to banks.Diamond demonstrated how banks perform another societally important function. As intermediaries between many savers and borrowers, banks are better suited to assessing borrowers’ creditworthiness and ensuring that loans are used for good investments.Ben Bernanke analysed the Great Depression of the 1930s, the worst economic crisis in modern history. Among other things, he showed how bank runs were a decisive factor in the crisis becoming so deep and prolonged. When the banks collapsed, valuable information about borrowers was lost and could not be recreated quickly. Society’s ability to channel savings to productive investments was thus severely diminished.“The laureates’ insights have improved our ability to avoid both serious crises and expensive bailouts,” says Tore Ellingsen, Chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences.諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)并非根據(jù)阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的遺囑所設(shè)立的,，但在評(píng)選步驟、授獎(jiǎng)儀式方面與諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)相似,。1968年起,，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)由瑞典皇家科學(xué)院每年頒發(fā)一次，頒獎(jiǎng)遵循對(duì)人類利益做出最大貢獻(xiàn)的原則,。1969年（瑞典國(guó)家銀行成立300周年慶典時(shí)）第一次頒獎(jiǎng),，由挪威人弗里希和荷蘭人揚(yáng)·廷貝亨共同獲得，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家薩繆爾森,、弗里德曼等人均獲得過(guò)此獎(jiǎng),。 2021年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主是戴維·卡德(David Card)，喬舒亞·D·安格里斯特(Joshua D. Angrist)和吉多·W·因本斯(Guido W. Imbens),，評(píng)選委員會(huì)認(rèn)為“他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝岁P(guān)于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的新見解,，并表明可以從自然實(shí)驗(yàn)中得出哪些關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的結(jié)論。他們的方法已經(jīng)傳播到其他領(lǐng)域,，并徹底改變了實(shí)證研究,。”
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