想要土壤健康,，需要保持營(yíng)養(yǎng)物覆蓋

以模仿葉子自然掉落以及夏末植物的衰敗

 - 健康 土壤 -

Mulching—applying a layer of material to the surface of the soil—can make a big difference in the success of your landscape. This is because mulch:

地面覆蓋是在土壤表面覆蓋一層材料,，對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)起到很大的作用，這是因?yàn)榈孛娓采w有以下作用：

Mulching helps to retain soil moisture, so less amount of water is required during irrigation. Mulch directly conserves water.

覆蓋物有助于保持土壤水分,，因此灌溉時(shí)需要更少的水,。覆蓋直接節(jié)約用水。

conserves soil moisture by preventing the desiccating effects of sun and wind,

通過(guò)防止日曬和風(fēng)干作用,，保存土壤水分,。

helps with weed suppression。

有助于抑制雜草生長(zhǎng),。

can reduce runoff by building up the spongy organic material in the soil,

可以通過(guò)增加土壤中的海綿狀有機(jī)質(zhì)層,，減少?gòu)搅鳌?/p>

prevents raindrops from pounding the surface of the soil so hard and thus prevents erosion and compaction,

減輕雨滴對(duì)土壤表面的沖擊，從而防止水土流失和壓實(shí)板結(jié),。

insulates the soil surface, keeping your plant roots warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer, and can look attractive.

在土壤表面形成隔離層,，使植物的根部在冬天保持溫暖，在夏天保持涼爽,，而且還美化環(huán)境,。

In landscape gardening, the overall visual appeal of that area is improved due to ornamental mulching.

在景觀園藝中，觀賞性覆蓋物改善了該地區(qū)的整體視覺(jué)吸引力,。

There are many different kinds of mulches, each with its own benefits. Nonliving mulches such as gravel, rock, and black plastic do a great job of weed suppression, but they don’t add any organic material to the soil, so they are not often the best option. We prefer to use compost or mulches with more organic matter because they add nutrients to the soil. 

有很多不同種類(lèi)的地面覆蓋物,，每一種都有各自的好處。

礫石,、石塊和黑色塑料等非生物覆蓋物,，可以抑制雜草生長(zhǎng)。

但它們不會(huì)向土壤中添加任何有機(jī)物質(zhì)，所以它們往往不是最好的選擇,。

在永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)中更喜歡使用堆肥或有機(jī)材質(zhì)作為覆蓋物,，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芙o土壤增加養(yǎng)分。

Dead mulches—plant material that was once alive, such as wood chips, compost, and rice hulls—require occasional reapplication and do best as weed suppressants when they are layered 2 to 6 inches deep. Living mulches are plants that cover the ground such as clover, vetch, or orchard grass. Depending on your goals and the crops in question, you may cut back living mulch crops occasionally to allow them to renew themselves.

無(wú)生命覆蓋物——曾經(jīng)有生命的植物材料,，如木屑、堆肥和稻殼等,。

在需要適時(shí)進(jìn)行適量的添加,，保持在2到6英寸厚度，抑制雜草的效果最好,。

有生命覆蓋物,，地面生長(zhǎng)的植物，如三葉草,、野豌豆或鴨茅草等,。

根據(jù)目標(biāo)和植物生長(zhǎng)情況，可以偶爾修剪覆蓋植物,，讓它們重新生長(zhǎng),。

Sheet mulching is a technique that can be used during establishment to essentially hit the ecological reset button. Let’s say you want to convert your lawn into an annual garden. You can use a layer of biodegradable material such as cardboard or newspaper to smother the grass, while simultaneously enriching the soil by covering this barrier layer with organic material, such as wood chips or compost, to weigh it down. Once the vegetation underneath has died over time and the barrier has mostly broken down, you can plant in this rich new soil. In some cases you can also wait for a shorter period of time and perforate the barrier in places to plant directly. Just make sure you look carefully at what you are trying to smother as some weeds, such as morning glory and horsetail, can actually thrive under sheet mulch.

片狀覆蓋物是一種恢復(fù)土壤生態(tài)過(guò)程中常用技術(shù)，基本上是生態(tài)重置按鈕,。

比方說(shuō),，如果想把草坪變成一個(gè)一年生的種植園。

可以覆蓋一層生物降解的材料,，如紙板或報(bào)紙,，來(lái)壓制草地。

同時(shí)在用有機(jī)材料（如木屑或堆肥）覆蓋這層,，促進(jìn)土壤變得更加肥沃,。

當(dāng)下面的植物隨著時(shí)間的推移死亡，覆蓋材料幾乎降解后,，就可以在肥沃的新土壤中種植了,。

當(dāng)然，有時(shí)候也可以不用等那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,，可以在覆蓋層上打孔,，直接種植。

但確保雜草籽都被覆蓋殺死,，如牽?；ê婉R尾草生命力頑強(qiáng)，它們可以在片狀覆蓋層下存活,。

Cover cropping is a practice for protecting your soil and helping to replenish its nutrients. It involves planting a living mulch that gets turned into the soil. We often call crops grown for this reason green manures. In temperate climates, crops are often harvested in the fall, leaving the soil bare. During the cold months, it’s ideal to grow soil-building ground covers to prevent erosion and to feed the soil. In any climate, you can also grow cover crops anytime you don’t have a vegetable crop on the land. This can help to break disease and pest cycles and recharge soils. If you garden year-round, one of the design challenges is to find space and time to do cover cropping. Fava beans and buckwheat are both interesting cover crop options because they do their job as cover crops and also provide food.

覆蓋種植是一種保護(hù)土壤,，并幫助土壤補(bǔ)充養(yǎng)分的做法。

它是指在土地上種植有生命的覆蓋物，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為土壤,。

我們通常稱(chēng)這種植物為——綠肥,。

在溫帶氣候中，農(nóng)作物通常在秋季收獲,，然后土壤一直處于裸露狀態(tài),。

因此常在冬季種植綠肥植物，既能防止土壤受侵蝕,，又能為土壤補(bǔ)充養(yǎng)分,。

在其他氣候條件下，只要土地上沒(méi)有蔬菜作物,，也可以種植覆蓋植物,。

既能減少病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生，又能使土壤得到補(bǔ)充,。

如果一年四季都在種菜,，那么設(shè)計(jì)一定要找對(duì)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)種植綠肥。

蠶豆和蕎麥?zhǔn)遣诲e(cuò)的選擇,，因?yàn)樗鼈兗瓤梢宰鳛楦采w作物,，也可以作為食物。

The basics of cover cropping are simple:

覆蓋種植的基礎(chǔ)很簡(jiǎn)單：

Select and plant your cover crop at an appropriate time based on your climate and needs.

根據(jù)所在地的氣候和需要,，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間,，選擇合適的覆蓋作物種植。

Make sure the cover crop has proper care. This depends on the species selected, but some might need to be mowed or watered. For the most part, you should find that cover crops are very low maintenance

確保覆蓋作物得到妥善照顧,。這取決于所選的物種,，有些可能需要修剪或澆水。 

但在大多數(shù)情況下,，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)覆蓋作物的維護(hù)成本很低,。

Have a plan to kill your cover crop before it goes to seed or the vegetative growth gets out of hand. Depending on the species, this could mean chopping it and letting it lie, tilling it under, or harvesting the seeds and letting it die on its own.

在播種或生長(zhǎng)失控之前，制定及時(shí)清除覆蓋作物的計(jì)劃,。

根據(jù)品種的不同,，它可以被切碎、耕作,，或者可以收獲種子并任其死亡,。

Common temperate cover crop plants are rye, legumes, buckwheat, oats, mustards, and sorghum. It’s important to plant the right crop or crops for your situation. Each has different attributes such as frost and heat tolerance, nitrogen fixing, and/or weed-suppressing effects; and different cover crops are good for certain times of the year or climates. One thing to note is that rye and sorghum certain times of the year or climates. One thing to note is that rye and sorghum are known to suppress the growth and germination of other plants, which is great for weed control but not for growing seeds.

常見(jiàn)的溫帶覆蓋作物有黑麥、豆類(lèi),、蕎麥,、燕麥、芥菜和高粱,。

根據(jù)你的情況種植合適的作物是很重要的,。

每種作物都有不同的特性,，例如抗旱散熱、固氮和抑制雜草生長(zhǎng),。

此外,，不同的覆蓋作物還對(duì)應(yīng)一年中的生長(zhǎng)時(shí)節(jié)和氣候條件。

需要注意的一點(diǎn)是,，黑麥和高粱這兩種植物擅長(zhǎng)控制雜草,，效果非常好，但它們也抑制其他植物的種子發(fā)芽,。

Cover cropping can be used in conjunction with fallowing, or letting your land rest. By planting a cover crop and letting part of your land sit for one or more seasons, you can break pest and disease life cycles and help to build soil organic material.

覆蓋種植可與休耕結(jié)合使用，以便土地得到修整,。

通過(guò)種植覆蓋作物并讓部分土地休耕一個(gè)或多個(gè)季節(jié),，可以打破病蟲(chóng)害的生命周期，并增加土壤中的有機(jī)物含量,。