2021年新版WHO中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤分類將造釉細胞型顱咽管瘤和乳頭型顱咽管瘤相互獨立,、徹底分開。據(jù)此,,神外資訊采訪了北京天壇醫(yī)院小兒神經(jīng)外科主任宮劍教授,,請他對此進行解讀并對兒童顱咽管瘤治療相關(guān)熱點問題進行探討,以下是采訪實錄,。 宮劍 教授 北京天壇醫(yī)院 教授,,主任醫(yī)師,博士研究生導(dǎo)師,,北京天壇醫(yī)院小兒神經(jīng)外科病區(qū)主任。中國醫(yī)師協(xié)會神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)師分會小兒專家委員會副主任委員,,中國醫(yī)藥教育協(xié)會小兒神經(jīng)外科分會副主任委員,。 主要研究方向:1.兒童顱內(nèi)腫瘤;2.兒童顱腦先天性疾病,。 目前主持科技部十三五,、國家自然科學(xué)基金等多項課題,,國內(nèi)外專業(yè)雜志發(fā)表醫(yī)學(xué)論著30余篇。 一 為什么新版WHO(2021)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤分類將兒童型與成人型顱咽管瘤分開,? 二 兒童型與成人型顱咽管瘤手術(shù)風(fēng)險及治療效果有何不同? 三 如何確保兒童顱咽管瘤的手術(shù)安全是世界性難題,,對此天壇小兒神外是否有切實有效的方法加以推薦,? 四 做為全國最大的兒童顱咽管瘤診療中心,,請您談?wù)勌靿荷裢鈱κ中g(shù)入路的選擇? 1 中線入路 2 側(cè)方入路:翼點入路、額外側(cè)入路 3 內(nèi)鏡下經(jīng)蝶入路 五 國內(nèi)外顱咽管瘤分型極為繁瑣復(fù)雜,,天壇小兒神外是否有自己的臨床分型,?意義何在? 兒童型顱咽管瘤經(jīng)前縱裂入路手術(shù)難度分型 分型說明 1.前交通動脈(ACoA)毗鄰視交叉,,通過術(shù)前影像判斷ACoA的位置,基本可以確認視交叉與腫瘤的關(guān)系,,磁共振(MRI)T2矢狀位顯示最清晰,,應(yīng)作為顱咽管瘤檢查常規(guī)成像。 2.鞍區(qū)常用解剖間隙與手術(shù)難度關(guān)系:第I間隙:視交叉前間隙;第II間隙:一側(cè)視神經(jīng)與頸內(nèi)動脈間隙,;第III間隙:一側(cè)頸內(nèi)動脈與動眼神經(jīng)間隙,;第IV間隙:視交叉后間隙,即終板間隙,。前縱裂入路主要涉及第I,、第IV間隙。顱咽管瘤手術(shù)關(guān)鍵點是游離腫瘤囊壁,、保護下丘腦,。于第I間隙切除腫瘤,與下丘腦關(guān)系不密切,,難度?。挥诘贗V間隙切除腫瘤,,需要打開終板,,在三室內(nèi)操作,與下丘腦關(guān)系密切,,難度大,。 3.I型只需通過第I間隙切除腫瘤,難度最??;II型需要通過第I、第IV間隙切除腫瘤,,難度居中,;III型只能通過第IV間隙切除腫瘤,難度最大,。 4.a型腫瘤未突入三室,,與下丘腦關(guān)系不密切,手術(shù)難度??;b型腫瘤突入三室,與下丘腦關(guān)系密切,,手術(shù)難度大,。 5.據(jù)此排列、Ia型至IIIb型依次類推,,Ia型難度最小,,IIIb型難度最大。復(fù)雜型難以通過前縱裂入路一次切除,,手術(shù)難度級別最高,。 6.兒童型顱咽管瘤術(shù)前放置Ommaya囊的理論依據(jù),,是通過囊腔穿刺瘤體縮小,將腫瘤由復(fù)雜型向簡單型轉(zhuǎn)化,;由高難度型向低難度型轉(zhuǎn)化,,大大提高手術(shù)的安全性與全切率。 7.據(jù)此分型,,制定選擇兒童顱咽管瘤手術(shù)入路之原則:能走中線不走側(cè)方,,能走前縱裂不走胼胝體,能走第I間隙不走第IV間隙,,慎重選擇經(jīng)蝶手術(shù),。簡稱“三走三不走一慎重”,以便在全切腫瘤的前提下,,大大提高手術(shù)安全性,。 六 患兒家長最關(guān)心的是顱咽管瘤切除術(shù)后垂體柄是否保留,請談?wù)勀目捶ǎ?/strong> 七 前縱裂入路最大的障礙是前交通動脈,,有學(xué)者提出主動切斷以增加術(shù)腔顯露,,請問您的觀點? 八 顱咽管瘤復(fù)發(fā)率高,,一旦復(fù)發(fā)就要再次手術(shù)嗎,?請談?wù)勀挠^點。 九 顱咽管瘤術(shù)后,,由于患兒身材矮小,家長急于要求注射生長激素,,您的建議,? 北京天壇醫(yī)院小兒神經(jīng)外科 北京天壇醫(yī)院小兒神經(jīng)外科 (官方唯一公眾號) 15篇原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容 公眾號 參考文獻 [1] Perry A L D, Von Deimling a, Sahm F, Rushing Ej, Mawrin C, Et Al. 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