基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)入門者所必須學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,,基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)是否學(xué)得好,關(guān)系到以后英語(yǔ)進(jìn)階學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)習(xí)效果,。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)律,,希望大家認(rèn)真閱讀! 1.開音節(jié) 1)以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾的單節(jié)。 例:be,,he,。 2)以輔音字母(r 除外)+不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的音節(jié)。 例:make,,like,。 * 在重讀的開音節(jié)中元音字母按字母名稱讀音。 2.閉音節(jié) 以一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母(r 除外)結(jié)尾而中間只有一個(gè)元音字母的音節(jié),, 稱為閉音節(jié),。例:map,desk,,is,。 * 在重讀的閉音節(jié)中元音字母讀做短元音。 字母a,,e,,i,o,,u 在重讀音節(jié)中的讀法 字母 名稱 位置 讀音 舉例 a /ei/ 開音節(jié) /ei/ name,,take 閉音節(jié) /? / map,bag e /i:/ 開音節(jié) /i:/ be,,he 閉音節(jié) /e/ egg,,best i /ai/ 開音節(jié) /ai/ like,kite 閉音節(jié) /i/ bit,,fit o /ou/ 開音節(jié) /Eu/ note,,no 閉音節(jié) // dog,lot u /ju:/ 開音節(jié) /ju:/ mute,,use 閉音節(jié) // bus,,cut 一、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a 在開音節(jié)中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在閉音節(jié)中 [?] bag dad hat map black back e 在開音節(jié)中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在閉音節(jié)中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在開音節(jié)中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在閉音節(jié)中 fish big drink sit milk swim o 在開音節(jié)中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no 在閉音節(jié)中 [E] clock not box shop sock u 在開音節(jié)中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday,,但u在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí)讀[u:]音,,例如:June blue ruler super。但u在閉音節(jié)中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch 二,、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音 元音字母讀音例詞 a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother 三,、元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母讀音例詞 a [E] China another woman breakfast [i ] orange comrade village cabbage e [E] hundred student open weekend [i ] chicken pocket begin children i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [E] second tonight somebody welcome [Eu] also zero photo u [E] autumn difficult [ju(:)] popular congratulation January 動(dòng)詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置,,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate u處在開音節(jié)位置,,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí),,讀[u(:) ]音,例如:July influence February issue 在非重讀音節(jié)中,,許多單詞中的元音字母a e i 即可以讀作[E]音,,也可以讀作音。 四,、-r音節(jié)元音字母組合 1,、在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音元音字母組合讀音例詞 ⑴,、ar 一般發(fā)音 [α:] car farm dark sharpener 在[w]音后面 [c:] warm quarter towards ?、啤r 一般發(fā)音 [c:] forty morning short 在[w]音后面 [E:] word worker worse ?、?、er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday ?、?、輔音字母r雙寫時(shí),前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音,。例如: carry sorry hurry 2,、在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,、-re音節(jié)元音字母組合 1,、在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 are [εE] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [c:] more score before ure [juE] pure cure 2、在非重讀音節(jié)中are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn),,ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[E]音,,例如:picture pleasure 3、重讀元音字母+r+非重讀元音字母組時(shí),,重讀元音字母應(yīng)按a(e,i,o,u)re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀,,字母r讀[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring 4,、某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)音短化現(xiàn)象,。例如:orange very American paragraph 六、元音字母組合在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母組合讀音例詞 ai/ay [ei] rain wait day play air [εE] air hair chair pair repair al 在f,m,s前后 [c:] small ball talk wall all [ c: l ] always also salt almost [α:] half calm au/aw [c:] autumn daughter draw ea的發(fā)音 [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [iE] hear dear near clear year [εE] bear pear wear swear [E:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iE] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor oi/oy [?i] noise point boy toilet oo 1. 重讀音節(jié)詞尾的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u:]的音,。如:too(太;也),zoo(動(dòng)物園), 2. 在輔音字母f, l, m, n, p,s,t前的字母組合oo也發(fā)音素[u:]的音,。如:roof(屋頂),school(學(xué)校),room(房間),soon(不久),loop(圈,環(huán)),goose(鵝)boot(靴子),tooth(牙齒)等.有二個(gè)特例詞要特別注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);:foot[u](腳); 3. 字母組合oo在字母d和k前發(fā)音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(書),look(看),特例詞:food[u:](食物); 4. 在復(fù)合詞的'非重讀音節(jié)中的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[u]的音,。如:bedroom(臥室),classroom(教室)等; 5. 在字母l和d之間的字母組合oo發(fā)音素[∧]的音,。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等. 6. 后接r時(shí)字母組合oo發(fā)音素[?:] door,floor ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [∧] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [?:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u ] juice fruit suit 七,、非重讀音節(jié)中元音字母組合和字群的讀音 元音字母組合或字群讀音例詞 ai/ay , ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[E]音。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [Fn] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [t∫En] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [t∫E] picture culture 八,、元音字母組合在復(fù)合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 復(fù)合詞中的第二部分不標(biāo)注重音符號(hào),,但其中的元音字母或元音字母組合仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:] 有些詞隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展,,前后兩部分已失去其單獨(dú)存在的意義,,融合成為一個(gè)詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音,。例如: sun太陽(yáng) + day[ei]日子 > Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中斷 + fast[α:]齋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜 九,、輔音字母組合的讀音 輔音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c (1)后跟元音字母a,o,,u時(shí),,字母c發(fā)[k],例如:cat,,come,,cut,cake picture coat music;后跟e,,i,,y時(shí),字母c發(fā)[s],,例如:nice,,decide,Lucy,,face decide cinema,。 (2)后跟輔音字母k,r,,s,,t,以及位于單詞最后時(shí),,字母c發(fā)[k],,例如:black,crossing,,politics,,dictate,picnic,。 (3)單詞中有雙寫字母c,,后跟元音字母e或i時(shí)第一個(gè)c發(fā)[k],第二個(gè)c發(fā)[s],,例如:successful,,accident;后跟其它元音字母或字母組合時(shí),,兩個(gè)c合發(fā)一個(gè)[k],例如:account,。 (4)后跟字母組合ei,,er,ie或與詞尾的字母e組合時(shí),,c發(fā)[s],,例如:receive,certainly,,society;后跟字母組合ia時(shí),,c發(fā)[∫],例如:especially,。 ch 一般讀作 [t∫] much chick rich teacher [k] chemist(化學(xué)家),,chem-istry(化學(xué)),chemical(化學(xué)的),,Christmas(圣誕節(jié)),, headache(頭痛),school(學(xué)校)等6個(gè)單詞中讀[k] [∫] machine -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [dV] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g在e i/y前 [g] bag garden go [dV] orange large German gh字母組合的讀音在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課本中歸納起來(lái)主要有“發(fā)音”和“不發(fā)音”兩種情況,。 一,、gh在下列三種情況下發(fā)音 1.gh在詞首時(shí),讀作/g/,。例:ghost/g?ust/ 2.詞首為字母1,,且后跟字母組合augh時(shí),,gh讀作/f/,。例:laugh/la:f/,laughter/'la:ft?/,,cough ,,enough 3.詞尾為字母組合ough時(shí),gh讀作/f/,。例:enough /i'n?f/,,cough/k?f/,rough/r?f/,,tough/t?f/ 二,、gh在下列五種情況下不發(fā)音 1.gh 在元音字母i后不發(fā)音。例:bright/brait/,,fight/fait/,,frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,,light/lait/,,might/mait/,,night/nait/,right/rait/,,sight/sait/,,slight/slait/ 2.gh在元音字母組合ei和ai后不發(fā)音。例:eight/eit/,,eighth/eitθ/,,neighbor/'neib?/,straight/streit/,,weigh/wei/,,weight/weit/ 3.gh在字母組合ought中不發(fā)音。例:bought/b?:t/,,brought/br?:t/,,fought/f?:t/,thought/θ?:t/ 4.字母組合augh前面不是1時(shí),,gh不發(fā)音,。caught/k?:t/,daughter/'d?:t?/,,naught/n?:t/,,naughty/'n?:ti/,taught/t?:t/ 5.詞尾為ough的詞,,如以上所述,,有的發(fā)/f/,但有時(shí)也不發(fā)音,。例:although/?:l'e?u/,,plough/plau/,through/θru:/,,though/e?u/,,thorough/'θ?r?/ 注意:若gh不是字母組合,而是分屬于前后兩個(gè)不同的音節(jié)時(shí),,不適合以上規(guī)則,。例:dininghall/'daini?h?:l/ gu- -guegu在非重讀音節(jié)中 [g] guess league dialogue [gw] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column solemn n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry -ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s在詞首或清輔音前元音字母間或濁輔音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [∫] she fish shirt wash t [t] ten letter meet 在通常情況下在弱讀字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation tch [t∫] watch th有清與濁兩種讀音: 1 當(dāng)位于詞首時(shí),,可以從詞性上判別其應(yīng)有的讀音,。請(qǐng)看: 第一類:在以下 4種 詞類 th 讀 清音,即國(guó)際音標(biāo)的 θ : a. Noun 名詞:thing, theatre, thumb大拇指, thunder雷,thermos熱水瓶, Thursday, theory, theme, throat喉嚨, thread線 b. Verb 動(dòng)詞:think, thank, throw, thrive, thicken, c.Numeral 數(shù)詞:three, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand d.Adjective 形容詞:thin, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough徹底的 第二類:在以下 兩種 詞類 th 讀 濁音: a. Pronoun 代詞:they, them, their, theirs, this, these,that, those, there b. Functional terms 功能詞:the, than, then, though, thus,therefore 2 當(dāng)位于詞尾(或音節(jié)之尾)時(shí),,其讀音多數(shù)是清音,,如:bath, breath, both, cloth, tooth, health, wealth, arithmetic 等。只有在少數(shù)單詞中,如:with, smooth 中讀濁音,。 3 當(dāng)位于兩個(gè)元音之間時(shí),,其讀音多數(shù)是濁音。如:other, mother, brother, another, father, weather, feather, leather, further, breathe,。 但是,,也有讀清音的,如在單詞 method, nothing, anything, sympathy, sympathetic, mathematics, healthy, wealthy, Luther, Marathon(馬拉松)等,。 tr- [tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] Answer two wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole x 在重讀元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] example exist exact wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo |
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來(lái)自: 滌心齋 > 《發(fā)音規(guī)則》