Surgical masks as source of bacterial contamination during operative procedures

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Abstract

Background

Surgical masks (SMs) are used to reduce bacterial shedding from the mouth, nose and face. This study aimed to investigate whether SMs may be a potential source of bacterial shedding leading to an increased risk of surgical site infection.

Methods

Bacterial contamination of the SMs was tested by making an impression of the external surface of the mask on sterile culture media immediately. We investigated the difference in bacterial counts between the SMs worn by surgeons and those placed unused in the operating room (OR), and the bacterial count variation with indicated wearing time. Moreover, the difference in bacterial counts on the external surface between the first and second layers of double-layered SMs was also assessed.

Results

The bacterial count on the surface of SMs increased with extended operating times; significant difference was found between the 4- to 6-hour and 0-hour groups (p < 0.05). When we analysed the bacterial counts from the same surgeon, a significant increase was noted in the 2-hours group. Moreover, the bacterial counts were significantly higher among the surgeons than the OR. Additionally, the bacterial count of the external surface of the second mask was significantly higher than that of the first one.

Conclusions

The source of bacterial contamination in SMs was the body surface of the surgeons rather than the OR environment. Moreover, we recommend that surgeons should change the mask after each operation, especially those beyond 2 hours. Double-layered SMs or those with excellent filtration function may also be a better alternative.

The translational potential of this article

This study provides strong evidence for the identification that SMs as source of bacterial contamination during operative procedures, which should be a cause for alarm and attention in the prevention of surgical site infection in clinical practice.

重點(diǎn)詞匯匯總：

 shed/?ed/n. 小屋,，棚；分水嶺vt. 流出,；擺脫,；散發(fā)；傾吐vi. 流出,；脫落,；散布

 sterile culture media 無(wú)菌培養(yǎng)基/?ster?l/adj. 不育的；無(wú)菌的,；貧瘠的,；不毛的；枯燥乏味的

extend /?k?stend/vt. 延伸,；擴(kuò)大,；推廣,；伸出；給予,；使竭盡全力,；對(duì)…估價(jià)vi. 延伸；擴(kuò)大,；伸展,；使疏開(kāi)

The source of bacterial contamination in SMs was the body surface of the surgeons rather than the OR environment.細(xì)菌污染的來(lái)源是外科醫(yī)生的體表，而不是環(huán)境,。

filtration/f?l?tre??n/n. 過(guò)濾,；篩選

alternative./??l?t??rn?t?v/adj. 供選擇的；選擇性的,；交替的n. 二中擇一；供替代的選擇

百度翻譯：

外科口罩是手術(shù)過(guò)程中細(xì)菌污染的來(lái)源

摘要

背景

外科口罩（SMs）用于減少口腔,、鼻子和面部的細(xì)菌脫落,。這項(xiàng)研究的目的是調(diào)查短信是否可能是導(dǎo)致手術(shù)部位感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的細(xì)菌脫落的潛在來(lái)源。

方法

立即在無(wú)菌培養(yǎng)基上印出口罩外表面,，檢測(cè)口罩的細(xì)菌污染情況,。我們調(diào)查了外科醫(yī)生佩戴的口罩與手術(shù)室未使用的口罩（OR）之間的細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)差異，以及細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)隨指定佩戴時(shí)間的變化,。此外,，還評(píng)估了雙層口罩的第一層和第二層在外表面細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)上的差異。

結(jié)果

隨著手術(shù)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),，口罩表面細(xì)菌數(shù)增多,，4～6小時(shí)組與0小時(shí)組比較差異有顯著性（p<0.05）。當(dāng)我們分析同一位外科醫(yī)生的細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)時(shí),，發(fā)現(xiàn)2小時(shí)組的細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)顯著增加,。此外，外科醫(yī)生的細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)明顯高于手術(shù)室,。另外,，第二個(gè)口罩的外表面細(xì)菌數(shù)明顯高于第一個(gè)口罩。

結(jié)論

口罩系統(tǒng)中的細(xì)菌污染源是外科醫(yī)生的體表,，而不是手術(shù)環(huán)境,。此外，我們建議外科醫(yī)生在每次手術(shù)后更換口罩,，尤其是超過(guò)2小時(shí)的,。雙層口罩或具有良好過(guò)濾功能的口罩也可能是更好的選擇。

本文的轉(zhuǎn)化潛力

本研究為確定口罩是手術(shù)過(guò)程中細(xì)菌污染源提供了有力的證據(jù),，在臨床預(yù)防手術(shù)部位感染中應(yīng)引起警惕和重視,。