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一個危險的女人

本文英文部分選自經(jīng)濟學人Obituary版塊

Winnie Mandela died on April 2nd

溫妮·曼德拉于4月2日去世,，享年81歲

The anti-apartheid campaigner turned Soweto mafia matriarch was 81

她生前是反種族隔離(斗士)，同時也是索韋托黑手黨的女首領

注釋：

Soweto mafia: 1988年,，溫妮成立“曼德拉聯(lián)合足球俱樂部”,。按照非國大老戰(zhàn)士阿明娜·卡查利亞等人的說法，這些保鏢后來淪為暴徒,，在黑人聚居的索韋托鎮(zhèn)制造恐怖氣氛,。當?shù)鼐用癫粷M之下，甚至燒了溫妮和曼德拉的房子,。這個“保鏢團”被指綁架,、殺害至少18名男童和年輕男子。

溫妮生前接受南非一家電視臺采訪時說,，“讓我變得這么殘忍的原因是,，我知道要恨什么。”

鏈接： http://paper./content/2018-04/11/047942.html

FROM the very start Winnie Mandela knew this partnership would be bizarre. Their courtship, when Nelson would arrive in gym attire and drive her to the hall just to watch him sweat. His sudden so-confident proposal, after a picnic on a white farm, when he said he knew a good seamstress to make her wedding dress. (He was married already, but he would see to that.) His constant dashing off to political meetings, so that life with him was clearly going to be life without him. The secret meetings, he in heavy disguise, in the years of his treason trial. Dazzled by his glamour and also crazy about him, she felt in real danger of losing her identity and fizzling into an appendage. She vowed that was never going to happen to her.

從一開始,，溫妮就知道嫁給曼德拉意味著擁有不平凡的婚姻,。他們的相處方式從小事上就可以窺見一斑。納爾遜會身穿運動服載她一起去健身,，而她則只是坐在大廳里看著他流汗,。在一個白人農(nóng)場上的野餐過后，他說自己認識一位女裁縫,，能給她做一身漂亮婚紗,。就這樣，曼德拉冒失又自信地向溫妮求了婚,。（雖然當時他已婚,，但很快他就處理好了一切。）婚后,，他沒事就去參加政治會議,，因此嫁給未來國父顯然意味著“失去”丈夫。1956年開始的漫長的“叛國罪審判”期間,，她與曼德拉只能秘密會面,。為了掩人耳目，他總是進行了大量偽裝,。當初被他的魅力所吸引,，為他瘋狂的時候，溫妮就害怕自己會失去自我,，成為他的附屬品,。她于是暗自發(fā)誓,，絕不會讓這種事發(fā)生在自己身上。

Then from 1964, only six years into their marriage, he disappeared into prison for almost three decades, mostly on Robben Island. She could visit him once every six months, but not touch. There were letters, yet no simple memories of sitting round a table together, eating a meal with their daughters. Since she never really lived with him, she wondered later whether she had had enough time to love him. But when he left the scene she was more than ready to take on the fight against apartheid in his place. The harder they tried to silence him, the louder she would shout.

1964年起,，也就是他們剛結婚的第六年,，曼德拉被捕入獄。之后的將近30年中,，大部分時間他都被關押在開普敦海豹島（Robben Island）上。溫妮只能每六個月見他一次,，還不能有任何身體接觸,。他們只靠信件交流。然而,，和女兒們圍坐著一張桌子旁一起吃個飯這種很平常的事,，對他們來說都很難實現(xiàn)。溫妮與曼德拉從未真正生活在一起過,，據(jù)她后來回憶,，兩人共度的時光很短，難相知,。雖然他遠在獄中,，她卻欣然奮起，代替他與種族隔離作斗爭,。當局壓制曼德拉之勢愈盛,，她奮力疾呼之聲就愈高。

That came naturally. No men, especially Afrikaners, were going to subjugate her. Growing up in Pondoland she had run barefoot with the boys, played stick-fights, set animal traps. She had been head girl at her school, then the first qualified black medical social worker at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto. Tall, regal, exuding elegance, she was bound to catch Nelson’s eye. And she looked as fierce and fine in combat fatigues and leather jackets, marching with the Defiance Campaign to end white rule. She was harassed, put under house arrest, tortured until she swelled up and passed blood. Sent into internal exile to Brandfort in 1977, she made the place a shrine to the cause. The white colonels found there was no pain she couldn’t bear and nothing, nothing, she feared.

這一切來的并不突然,。沒有哪個男人,，特別是南非白人，會想要去征服她,。在蓬多蘭（Pondoland）長大的她,，小時候時常光著腳和男孩們玩，比如用木棍子打架或者給動物設置陷阱,。她曾經(jīng)是學校里的女孩頭頭,，畢業(yè)后也成為了索韋托貝拉格瓦納斯(Baragwanath)醫(yī)院首位黑人社會醫(yī)療工作者。她高挑,、嚴肅,、散發(fā)著優(yōu)雅的氣質(zhì)，注定要攥住納爾遜（納爾遜·曼德拉）的目光,。她穿著戰(zhàn)斗服和皮夾克在反抗白人統(tǒng)治運動的人群中闊步前行,，既兇猛好斗，又楚楚動人,。她曾一度被軟禁在家,，被折磨到渾身浮腫，血流如注。1977年,，她被流放到國內(nèi)的布蘭特福德(Brandfort),，這個地方后來因為她成為了南非的反抗運動圣地。白人軍官們發(fā)現(xiàn)世間已無其不能承受之痛,；也無其所懼怕之物了,。

Matches and necklaces

火柴與項鏈

Her ideas of liberation raged on even when Nelson’s changed. She did not speak, or associate, or deal, or do deals, with whites. In the townships, among her people, she praised bloodshed and preached violence. Poor blacks might have no guns but they had stones, matches, and old tyres to fill with petrol, jam over a collaborator’s head and set alight, necklaces of fire. In the 1980s she held sway in Soweto with the help of the Mandela United Football Club, “Winnie’s boys”, who hung around her house to carry out kidnappings and beatings. In 1989 they went too far, kicking 14-year-old Stompie Moeketsi around like a football and cutting his throat with shears, then shooting dead the doctor who examined him. The courts eventually found her “negligent”. She was barely sorry; as a rule, never sorry. For God’s sake, was it her responsibility to control their every move?

即使納爾遜變得溫和了，她依舊激情澎湃地追求自由,。 她從不與白人交談,，交流或交易。 她在鎮(zhèn)上,，在她的人民當中,，贊揚殺戮，鼓吹暴力,?？蓱z的黑人可能沒有槍支，但他們可以把石頭,，汽油填充到舊輪胎里,，把它套在通敵者的頭上，用火柴點燃,，變成“火項鏈”,。在20世紀80年代，她在曼德拉聯(lián)合足球俱樂部“溫妮的男孩兒”的幫助下在索韋托干了件大事,，這些人在她的房子周圍進行綁架和斗毆,。 1989年，事件升級,，他們把14歲的斯托比爾（Stompie Moeketsi）當球踢,，然后用大剪刀割開了他的喉嚨，并開槍打死了后來檢查他的醫(yī)生,。 法院最終認定她是“疏忽大意”,。她幾乎沒有道歉。在她的字典里沒有“道歉”,。老天爺啊,，他們每犯下一個錯誤，都要她來背鍋嗎,？

注釋：

火柴與項鏈：“火項鏈”指的是把汽油浸泡過的輪胎套在人身上,，然后將其點燃。在1986年的一次演講中溫妮·曼德拉宣布“用我們的火柴和 ‘火項鏈’我們就能解放這個國家,。”

http://www.doc88.com/p-7314094723211.html

By the next year, with Nelson at last out of jail, she became more careful. She was only part of the collective, the struggle; but she had to take her place in the ruling circle of the African National Congress once, in 1994, Nelson was president. From then on her reaction to bad raps, dozens of counts of fraud and theft as well as the killings, was to raise a defiant fist, then to wait as the ANC retreated from her, then to appeal. She always won milder sentences, for the courts and the party feared to cross her and she could loudly proclaim how the people loved her, even though her marriage to their hero had foundered and in 1996 they divorced. Back she would sail to the ANC’s executive council and its Women’s League, resplendent in her tribal jewellery and brilliant satins, the mother of the nation, especially the poor. For years, she had stayed in Soweto rather than move to a once-white suburb—even if her house was a multimillion fortified affair with six bedrooms, in one of which she would spend careful hours perfecting her morning toilette.

1990年,， 納爾遜·曼德拉終于出獄了,。而她也行事愈發(fā)小心謹慎起來。在之前的集體斗爭中,，她本只是一份子,；然而，1994年,，曼德拉當選總統(tǒng)后,，她就必須要在非國大的權利圈子中扮演重要的角色了。此后,，她便有恃無恐地反擊負面評價,，包括數(shù)十項欺詐罪、偷竊罪以及謀殺罪的指控,，等到非國大放松警惕，她立刻提起上訴,，進行反擊,。而結局總是能贏得輕判，因為法庭和非國大黨都不敢得罪她,?？v然，她與南非人們心目中的英雄（曼德拉）早已婚姻破裂,，并于1996年離婚,，可她仍能大聲宣稱人民無比地愛戴她。頂著“國母”,，尤其是窮人的護衛(wèi)者的頭銜,，身著流光溢彩的華服，帶著熠熠生輝的民族首飾,，她又回到了非國大執(zhí)行委員會和婦女聯(lián)合會中,。多年來，她寧愿一直居住在索韋托也不搬到白人住過的郊區(qū)—可是她的住所卻價值數(shù)百萬,，極盡奢華,，盡享六間臥室；其中一間,，專門供她梳洗打扮,。每天早上，她都會在那里花上幾個小時,。

注釋：Afrian National Congress: 南非非洲人國民大會（African National Congress,，ANC）現(xiàn)為南非執(zhí)政黨，簡稱非國大,，是南非最大的黑人民族主義政黨,，也是南非惟一跨種族的政黨,。該黨于1912年在布隆方丹由一些知名黑人、以都市內(nèi)的知識階層為中心創(chuàng)建的,，第一任主席為杜比牧師,。當時稱南非土著人國民大會，1925年改為現(xiàn)名,，現(xiàn)有成員約70萬人,。非國大的組織架構為全國代表大會、全國執(zhí)行委員會,、全國工作委員會,、各省委員會、地區(qū)委員會,、婦女聯(lián)合會以及青年團等,。全國代表大會是最高權力機關，每年舉行一次會議,。全國執(zhí)行委員會是閉會期間的領導機關,，每年舉行兩次會議，下設全國工作委員會,，負責日常工作,。

The new South Africa disappointed her. Compromise and forgiveness, Nelson's way, had let too many whites off the hook for apartheid and left the economy in their hands. Meanwhile, she couldn't bear the factionalism and disrespect shown in Parliament and within the ANC. The fact that she herself was expelled from the government in 1995 for disobeying Nelson's orders and sowing division was neither here nor there. She could do as she pleased where he was concerned. Confident as she always was that “her people” would sup-port her, she hustled for higher office— deputy president had a good ring to it—and lectured the callow new ANC men, Thabo Mbeki and Jacob Zuma, on how to behave. Strong, charismatic, unifying leaders appeared to be nowhere in sight.

新南非讓她失望。納爾遜通過妥協(xié)和寬恕的方式讓太多白人從種族隔離的責任中得以脫身,，并將經(jīng)濟大權留在了他們手中,。 同時，她無法忍受議會和非國大內(nèi)部表現(xiàn)出的宗派主義和不尊重現(xiàn)象,。1995年,，她被逐出政府，因為她違背了納爾遜的命令并且傳播分裂思想,，這些都無關緊要,。在他真正關心的領域，她簡直可以為所欲為,。 她一直很自信地認為“她的人”會支持她,，于是她一邊忙于鉆營更高的職位--副總統(tǒng)這個名號聽起來不錯——一邊忙著向新非國大成員塔博·姆貝基(Thabo Mbeki)和雅各布·祖馬(Jacob Zuma)講授如何做人。強大,、有魅力,、團結的的領導人形象卻似乎不見蹤影。

注釋：

1 ring: 英 [r??]   美 [r??] ring of sth: a particular quality that words, sounds, etc. have(言語,，聲音等的)特性：

His explanation has a ring of truth about it.他的解釋聽上去真實可信,。

Her protestation of innocence had a hollow ring to it.(=did not sound sincere).她自稱無辜的辯白顯得空洞無力。

The story had a familiar ring to it(=as if I had heard it before).這個故事聽起來耳熟,。

Yet she was there, and still bore the name Mandela. Often enough she had tried to keep her distance from it. The role of ornamental First Lady of South Africa held no interest for her. She was not Mandela’s product, his meek woman. When he was in prison, even when he was out of it, she had plenty of affairs with younger men. But after their divorce she had not dropped the name, that name that kept her in everyone’s eye, and all the more so as Nelson aged and faded into silence. Silence and fading were not things he could ever have expected from her.

一群烏合之眾中,，她卻赫然獨立,，然而仍然用著曼德拉這個姓。曾幾何時,，她試圖和這個名字保持距離,。她對南非第一夫人這個表面華麗的名字并沒有興趣。她既非曼德拉的附屬品,，亦非他的溫順女人,。當他還在獄中時，甚至在他出獄后,，她都與其他年輕男性有著不少風流韻事,。但他們離婚后，她卻沒有舍棄這個姓氏,，這個讓人們關注她的姓氏,。而且隨著納爾遜逐漸老去，慢慢陷入沉寂,，這個姓氏就更受矚目了,。而沉默和衰退，是他永遠不可能在她身上看到的,。

翻譯組：

Yi, 女，財務民工,，經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

Cece,，女，消防工作者,，CATTI三筆

Lee,，男，醫(yī)學英譯  Timberland愛好者

Samantha,，女,，滑冰狂人，鄧倫未婚妻

Shirly,，女,，筆譯研究生，經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

Amber,，女,，文學研究生，經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

Lucia,，女,，翻譯學碩士三年制，經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

校核組：

Li Xia, 女,， HR, 經(jīng)濟學人發(fā)燒友

Dave,，大學老師,，二級口譯筆譯，科幻文學譯者

3觀點 |評論|思考 

本次觀點由Cece獨家奉獻

Cece,，女,，消防工作者，CATTI三筆

女戰(zhàn)士無疑

標題講溫妮是個危險的女人,，看完整個訃告,，我感覺到，溫妮是個勇敢的女戰(zhàn)士,。她的家人叫她“諾姆扎莫”,，意為“經(jīng)受考驗之人”。似乎預示著,，她的一生將與抗爭相伴,。

一、她注定與政治有緣

溫妮接受過良好的教育,，她19歲打破傳統(tǒng),，成為南非醫(yī)院的首位黑人醫(yī)療社會工作者。溫妮十分關注并贊同曼德拉領導的反種族歧視的斗爭,。也許這時的她身上有著很多曼德拉在斗爭路上的影子,，她對戰(zhàn)斗的激情，強烈的吸引了曼德拉,，他們才走到一起,。

二、她并不是附屬品

雖然她用著曼德拉這個姓,，她不是他溫順的女人,。

曼德拉在獄中以及出獄后，溫妮仍然保持著她斗爭的熱情,。在曼德拉入獄時,，溫妮不斷受到種族隔離當局的迫害，她卻一直抗爭,。即使曼德拉出獄后變得溫順,，溫妮仍在不停發(fā)聲，為黑人爭取權益,。后來兩人終于離婚,，但是溫妮卻仍然保持著她的事業(yè)。

曼德拉的自傳《漫漫自由路》一書中,，他經(jīng)常提及溫妮,，寫道：“她的精神、她的熱情,、她的勇氣,、她的率性,，當我看到她的時候，我感到了所有這一切,。”

她不甘活著影子里,，她不只是個代替曼德拉的夫人。

三,、她終于終于成為了領袖

她在晚年依舊堅持激進立場,，宣稱南非已經(jīng)耗盡了種族隔離斗爭的政治遺產(chǎn)，黑人在1994 年獲得政治自由之后卻沒有獲得經(jīng)濟自由,，經(jīng)濟資源依舊集中在少數(shù)人手中,，讓國家面臨無限挑戰(zhàn)。晚年的她與曼德拉的路線差異,，也是非國大及其政治盟友內(nèi)部的路線分歧,，她的堅持讓她成為象征自由的女戰(zhàn)士，成為大家心中的領袖,。

總之,，溫妮，她是一個給人信心和勇氣,，也讓人畏懼和唏噓的女人,。她把一生都奉獻給非洲的國家事業(yè)中了，真心女戰(zhàn)士了,。