下面將針對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的每一種用法通過一個(gè)非常實(shí)用的例句來幫助你快速理解并掌握動(dòng)詞不定式的所有用法(共六種)。
舉例:
1) to say is one thing and to do is another. 說和做是兩回事,。(不定式作主語)
2) It's difficult to find a nice house in this price range.在這個(gè)價(jià)格范圍內(nèi)找到一個(gè)好房子比較難。
關(guān)于這個(gè)用法,,有一點(diǎn)需要注意:
當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時(shí),,不能用形式主語'It'來代替動(dòng)詞不定式。
3) In a sense, to help others is to help oneself. (因?yàn)楸碚Zto help oneself和主語to help others都是不定式,,所以不能用形式主語來代替)
舉例:
1) My dream is to have a villa with a swimming pool.我的夢想是擁有一個(gè)帶泳池的別墅。
關(guān)于這個(gè)用法,,有一點(diǎn)需要注意:
有些作表語的不定式,,在結(jié)構(gòu)上雖然是主動(dòng)的,但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的,。
舉例:
2) Frankly, you are not to blame. 坦率地說,,應(yīng)該被責(zé)備的不是你。
舉例:
1) I never expected to get help from you.我從沒想過會(huì)從你那兒得到幫助(作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語),。
2) The boss made no comments but to ask him to perform better next time. 老板除了讓他下次表現(xiàn)好點(diǎn),,未做任何評(píng)價(jià)。(作介詞的賓語)
注意:介詞前如果是'do',不定式的to要省略:
3) There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 除了耐心等待別的我們什么都做不了,。
4) I am really sorry to keep you waiting. 真對(duì)不起讓您久等了,。(作形容詞的賓語,句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語),。
5) Her stubborn father is quite hard to get along with. 她頑固的父親很難相處,。(作形容詞的賓語,句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語),。
在這類句型中,根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),,又可分為7類:
1.在動(dòng)詞advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, encourage, force, get, help, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, warn, tell 等后面,,多接不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
舉例:
Most parents don't allow their kids to play phone games. 大部分家長不允許他們的孩子玩手機(jī)游戲,。
2.在表示情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如expect, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish等)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語,。
舉例:
I would prefer you to stay at home. 我寧愿你呆在家里。
3.在表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如believe, consider, discover, find, imagine, judge, prove, suppose, think等)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語,。這類動(dòng)詞后的不定式通常是“to be 形容詞或名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),consider, find, think 后的to be??墒÷?。
舉例:
We consider her to be an excellent teacher. 我們認(rèn)為她是位優(yōu)秀的教師。(句中的'to be'可省略)
4.在使役動(dòng)詞(如have, let, make等)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語,,不定式不帶to,。
舉例:
Her parents made her study every day. 她父母讓她每天學(xué)習(xí)。
但轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),,其后通常都用帶to的不定式(have沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)),。
舉例:
She was made to study every day. 她被父母要求每天學(xué)習(xí)。
5.在表示感覺的動(dòng)詞(feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語,,并且不定式都不帶to,。
舉例:
We saw a taxi stop just now. 我們看到一輛出租車剛停下來了。
但是,,當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),,原先不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式。而notice和watch沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),。
舉例:
A taxi was seen to stop just now. 一輛出租車被看到停下來了,。
6.跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)也省去to的動(dòng)詞可以歸結(jié)為:一感二聽三讓四觀看,概括如下: 一感:feel; 二聽:hear, listen to; 三讓:have, let, make; 四觀看:look at, observe,see, watch,。
7.動(dòng)詞不定式也可作一些短語動(dòng)詞(如arrange for安排, call on號(hào)召, depend on依靠, long for盼望, rely on指望, wait for等待)的賓語補(bǔ)足語,。
舉例:
You can't rely on a man to treat you well all the time. 你不能指望一個(gè)男人對(duì)你一直好。
1.主謂關(guān)系
舉例:
He is always the first one to come in his company. 他總是公司第一個(gè)來的人,。
2.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
舉例:
She has two kids to take care of. 她有兩個(gè)孩子要照顧,。
3.同位關(guān)系
舉例:
He broke his promise to live together with his wife till old and grey. 他沒有遵守跟他老婆白頭偕老的承諾。
4.修飾關(guān)系
舉例:
Now it is time to start our work. 是時(shí)候開始我們的工作了,。
1.表示目的
舉例:
I am currently saving up to buy a new car. 我在存錢買輛新車。
通常為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的,,會(huì)用如下結(jié)構(gòu): in order(not)to do,和so as(not)to do結(jié)構(gòu)(但so as to do不可以置于句首),。
舉例:
I drived as fast as I can in order not to be late this morning. 今天上午為了不遲到,我能開多快就開多快,。
2.表示結(jié)果
舉例:
They said goodbye to each other at the airport, never to see each other again. 他們在機(jī)場道別后,,再也沒見面。
另外,,常用于表示結(jié)果的句型如下:so...as to do, such...as to do, enough to do, only to do, too...to do
舉例:
She is too busy to come to the meeting. 她太忙了,,無法到會(huì)。
3.表示原因
舉例:
She was foolish not to listen to her parents then. 她那個(gè)時(shí)候沒聽父母的話,,真是太蠢了,。
4.表示條件
舉例:
You must be blind not to realize how sly he is. 你一定是眼瞎了,竟然沒意識(shí)到他有多狡猾,。
以上就是本文通過例句解讀的語法難點(diǎn)-動(dòng)詞不定式所有的六種用法,。
英語的學(xué)習(xí)是一滴一滴積累出來的,每天通過例句來學(xué)習(xí)語法知識(shí),,日積月累,,你就會(huì)完全掌握英語的全部語法知識(shí)點(diǎn),并學(xué)到大量的實(shí)用句子,。這樣會(huì)給你帶來越來越多的成就感,,能使你對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)的興趣越來越濃厚,同時(shí)你也能從英語的學(xué)習(xí)中找到更多的樂趣和自信,。