冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(CAD)是指由于冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化使管腔狹窄,、痙攣或阻塞導(dǎo)致心肌缺血,、缺氧或壞死而引發(fā)的心臟病。冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄的功能評(píng)估對(duì)于冠心病患者的診斷,、預(yù)后和治療至關(guān)重要,,尤其是慢性冠脈綜合征患者[1,2]。這類患者的共同點(diǎn)是,,心肌缺血是主要的預(yù)后因素,,因此需要定期進(jìn)行心肌缺血評(píng)估[3],主要有兩種方法,,一種是有創(chuàng)血管造影,,通過(guò)侵入性操作可視化冠狀動(dòng)脈,同時(shí)通過(guò)評(píng)估血流儲(chǔ)備分?jǐn)?shù)(FFR)指導(dǎo)后續(xù)的血運(yùn)重建,;另一種則是使用無(wú)創(chuàng)影像檢查[4,5]。目前比較常用的無(wú)創(chuàng)方法有超聲,、SPECT和PET以及CMR,。超聲通過(guò)測(cè)量負(fù)荷以及靜息狀態(tài)下冠脈的血流速度得到冠狀動(dòng)脈血流儲(chǔ)備(CFR)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)心肌缺血,然而聲窗限制,、操作者依賴性以及低空間分辨率限制了該方法的準(zhǔn)確性,。SPECT和PET評(píng)價(jià)心肌缺血具有較高的敏感性和特異性,但是低空間分辨率限制了臨床應(yīng)用,。MRI心肌灌注成像通過(guò)靜息和負(fù)荷狀態(tài)下心肌灌注信號(hào)強(qiáng)度變化的比值得到心肌灌注儲(chǔ)備指數(shù)(MPRI),,通過(guò)負(fù)荷和靜息狀態(tài)下心肌血流量的比值可以獲得心肌灌注儲(chǔ)備(MPR), MPRI和MPR是評(píng)價(jià)心肌缺血的半定量和定量指標(biāo),,具有較高準(zhǔn)確性[6-8],。2020 ECR大會(huì)上,A. Azcona[9]等人發(fā)表的《The diagnostic accuracy of regadenoson perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in individuals with known or suspected coronary artery disease》(S 7-5)研究了MRI心肌灌注成像在臨床實(shí)踐中的準(zhǔn)確性,。研究納入403名確診或疑似CAD患者,,其中共402位患者接受了瑞加德松(regadenoson)作為激發(fā)藥物的負(fù)荷-靜息MRI心肌灌注成像;102人接受了有創(chuàng)血管造影,。本研究將至少一條冠狀血管狹窄程度達(dá)到50%作為陽(yáng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,并比較了負(fù)荷CMR和血管造影的結(jié)果。研究結(jié)果顯示,,負(fù)荷CMR檢查中,,123例患者為陽(yáng)性(30.6%),279例為陰性(69.4%),。與血管造影相比,,負(fù)荷MRI心肌灌注成像的敏感度為94.5%(95%CI,86.6%-98.5%),,特異度為82.8%(95%CI, 64.2%-94.1%),陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值93.2%(86.1%-96.8%),,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值85.7%(69.5%-94%),,準(zhǔn)確性為91.2%(83.9%-95.9%)。研究結(jié)論為,,以瑞加德松作為激發(fā)藥物的CMR負(fù)荷心肌灌注成像在臨床實(shí)踐中診斷冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病準(zhǔn)確性較高,。除了在診斷CAD方面有所成就外,MRI心肌灌注成像還能指導(dǎo)冠脈重建,,且不劣于有創(chuàng)血管造影,。Eike Nagel[10]等人發(fā)表于《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》的《Magnetic Resonance Perfusion or Fractional Flow Reserve in Coronary Disease》證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。這篇研究是一項(xiàng)非盲,、多中心,、療效比較、非劣性研究,,共納入918例有癥狀的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者及有冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的患者,。研究人員將受試者隨機(jī)分為兩組,基于MRI心肌灌注組(使用釓布醇作為對(duì)比劑,,n=454)和基于侵入性血管造影+FFR組(n=464),。主要終點(diǎn)為12個(gè)月時(shí)主要心血管不良事件復(fù)合情況(包括全因死亡、非致死性心梗,、靶血管血運(yùn)重建),。研究結(jié)果顯示,MRI組復(fù)合心血管不良事件發(fā)生率非劣于FFR組(3.6% vs 3.7% , 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)差異-0.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn); 95%CI -2.7-2.4),。在這項(xiàng)研究中可以看到,,對(duì)于穩(wěn)定型心絞痛和有冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的患者,在12個(gè)月時(shí)主要心血管不良事件方面,,MRI心肌灌注成像(使用釓布醇作為對(duì)比劑)指導(dǎo)的血運(yùn)重建策略非劣于侵入性血管造影和FFR指導(dǎo)的策略,。 圖1:MRI組及FFR組未經(jīng)校正的發(fā)生主要心血管不良事件的Kaplan-Meier生存曲線 先前的指南將有創(chuàng)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影和FFR結(jié)合來(lái)評(píng)估冠狀動(dòng)脈,提供有關(guān)心肌缺血的信息,,作為指導(dǎo)血運(yùn)重建的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11],,但研究表明,多達(dá)60%接受造影的患者并沒(méi)有明顯的功能性CAD[12],。隨著CAD患者數(shù)量的增加,,需要一種可靠的非侵入性方法來(lái)診斷CAD并指導(dǎo)血運(yùn)重建。MRI心肌灌注成像已被證實(shí)可以識(shí)別疑似或確診CAD患者,,A. Azcona等人在2020ECR大會(huì)上發(fā)表的研究顯示其敏感性可以達(dá)到94.5%,,特異性為82.8%,而之前的薈萃分析顯示,其敏感性和特異性在0.89-0.91和0.81-0.86[13-15]之間,,因此可以指導(dǎo)包括血運(yùn)重建在內(nèi)的治療,。我國(guó)指南[16]將心臟磁共振稱為評(píng)價(jià)患者心臟結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)負(fù)荷-靜息心肌灌注成像能夠探測(cè)心肌缺血,,而通過(guò)對(duì)比劑延遲強(qiáng)化能夠識(shí)別心肌壞死和纖維化,,可以說(shuō)MRI心肌灌注成像是一種有廣泛未來(lái)前景的無(wú)創(chuàng)影像檢查。主治醫(yī)師 蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院放射科 2013年獲得蘇州大學(xué)影像醫(yī)學(xué)與核醫(yī)學(xué)碩士學(xué)位,,2017年起蘇州大學(xué)影像醫(yī)學(xué)與核醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)型博士在讀,,從事影像診斷工作6年余,目前主要從事心臟磁共振成像方面研究,。參考文獻(xiàn) 1.Douglas PS,et al. Outcomes of anatomical versus functional testing for coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med Overseas Ed 2015; 372: 1291–300. 2.Jaarsma C,et al. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59: 1719–28.3.Knuuti J,et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2019; 1–71.4. Pijls NHJ,et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis: 5-year follow-up of the DEFER Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2105-2111.5. Tonino PAL,et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med 2009;360:213-224.6.Greenwood JP, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): a prospective trial. Lancet 2012;379:453-460.7.Watkins S, et al. Validation of magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging with fractional flow reserve for the detection of significant coronary heart disease. Circulation 2009;120:2207-2213.8.Takx RAP,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of stress myocardial perfusion imaging compared to invasive coronary angiography with fractional flow reserve meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8(1):e002666-e6.9.A. Azcona et al.The diagnostic accuracy of regadenoson perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in individuals with known or suspected coronary artery disease.2020ECR10.Nagel E,et al. Magnetic Resonance Perfusion or Fractional Flow Reserve in Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(25):2418-2428.11.Sousa-Uva M, et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg 2019; 55: 4–90. 12.Patel MR, et al. Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 886–95. 13.Desai RR, Jha S. Diagnostic performance of cardiac stress perfusion MRI in the detection of coronary artery disease using fractional flow reserve as the reference standard: a meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol 2013.14.Li M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of myocardial magnetic resonance perfusion to diagnose ischemic stenosis with fractional flow reserve as reference: systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7: 1098–105. 15.Takx RAP,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of stress myocardial perfusion imaging compared to invasive coronary angiography with fractional flow reserve meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8: e002666.16.中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管病學(xué)分會(huì)心血管病影像學(xué)組等.中國(guó)介入心臟病學(xué)雜志.2017;25(10):541-9.僅供醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人士交流溝通使用 PP-GAD-CN-0375-1
|