|
2020年高考真題
1.（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：中國(guó)的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號(hào)上的設(shè)備來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的,，應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語,。故填to find。2.（（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷短文改錯(cuò)））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。動(dòng)詞fry與tomatoes之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,，所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語,，故將frying改為fried。3. （2020·新課標(biāo)I卷短文改錯(cuò)）My mom told me how to preparing it【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：我媽媽告訴我如何準(zhǔn)備這道菜。分析句子可知,，“how+不定式”作told的賓語,，to是不定式符號(hào)，后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形,，故將preparing改為prepare,。4.（2020·新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空）They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對(duì)新開端的美好祝愿,。句中謂語動(dòng)詞為represent,，所以這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞。名詞earth與come back to之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,。故填coming,。5. （2020·新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65．(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它們是很好的禮物,，你會(huì)經(jīng)?？吹剿鼈冄b飾著紅包和好運(yùn)的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,，與decorate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填decorated,。6. （2020·新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空）They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它們很容易照顧,，也很適合作為禮物,。這里考查“be +形容詞 + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to care,。7. （2020·新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67． (find) the well-known painter.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：第二天早上，他租了一條船,，出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家,。結(jié)合句意表示“出發(fā)去做某事”短語為set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的狀語,。故填to find,。8.（2020·新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他看到霧氣從河上升起,，山頂上烏云環(huán)繞,，他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,，surround在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語clouds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,。故填surrounding。9.(2020·山東新高考語法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意:除了觀賞展品,，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期,，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中,。此處與living是并列成分，共同做imagine的賓補(bǔ),，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”,。故填walking,。10. (2020·浙江卷語法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology60．(change)lives.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)改變生活的力量,。分析句子,，簡(jiǎn)單句中已有動(dòng)詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句意,，此處需用不定式表示目的,。故填to change。11.(2020·浙江卷語法填空)Later,，they learned to work with the seasons (season),，planting at the right time and，in dry areas,，63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：后來，他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜,，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種,，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田,。分析句子,，make所處的分句中無主語，故此處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞,。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動(dòng)”關(guān)系,。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式（doing）形式做狀語。故填making,。12. （2020·江蘇卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined withB. combining withC. having combined withD. to be combined with【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意:技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與良好的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷相結(jié)合，將促進(jìn)這些產(chǎn)品的銷售,。此處是短語:be combined with“與……結(jié)合/聯(lián)合”,，本句中省略be動(dòng)詞,，使用過去分詞做狀語,。故選A。13．（2020·（天津卷)英語筆試（第一次)）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.A．Having completedB．Being completed【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：1931年完工的帝國(guó)大廈是1954年之前最高的摩天大樓,，它激發(fā)了全世界的想象力。句中謂語動(dòng)詞是inspired,，此處用非謂語動(dòng)詞,。主語the Empire State Building和動(dòng)詞complete是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作狀語,。A項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,，不表被動(dòng),。B項(xiàng)是doing的被動(dòng)式。故選C,。14．（2020·（天津卷)英語筆試（第一次)）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.A．to be promotedB．being promotedC．promotingD．to promote【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：地方政府不必為了促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)而犧牲環(huán)境保護(hù)。通過分析句子成分并翻譯語境可知,，句中存在謂語doesn't have to sacrifice,，空中需使用非謂語動(dòng)詞且表示目的性關(guān)系，因此使用動(dòng)詞不定式形式,。故選D項(xiàng),。15．（2020·（天津卷)英語筆試（第二次)）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.A．To helpB．HelpedC．HelpingD．Being helped【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:為了幫助我們準(zhǔn)備考試,，老師建議通讀我們的筆記,。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，老師建議我們誦讀筆記是”為了“幫助我們準(zhǔn)備考試,。故表目的,，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。故選A,。1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】 30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。此處是不定式作目的狀語。句意：為了享受數(shù)字支付的方便,，很多老年市民開始使用智能手機(jī),。故選A。2.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.C. LearningD. Having learned【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞,。句意：學(xué)會(huì)批判性思維是當(dāng)代小孩未來所必需的重要技能,。句子缺少主語成分，而過去分詞,、動(dòng)詞都不可以做主語,。此處用動(dòng)名詞做主語，故選C,。3.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】 32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. to be recognizedD. recognized【解析】考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),。句意：中國(guó)的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升，更多的國(guó)家認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的作用,?！案嗟膰?guó)家”和“認(rèn)識(shí)”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu),，故選A,。4.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they should【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：這位教授警告學(xué)生們,，在他的課堂上,，決不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī),。on no account決不，否定詞放在句首,，句子使用部分倒裝,，應(yīng)該做should do,敢于做dare do，根據(jù)句意表示”應(yīng)該“,，故選A,。5.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后,，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語,，句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來開始采用，并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的,，故此處用to perform,。6.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知,，此處用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式,，故填noting。7.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football.【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞,。本句句意：操場(chǎng)上所有的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員大聲歡呼,，說我有足球天賦。句中謂語動(dòng)詞為cheered,，say在這里作伴隨狀語,。與主語players是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故將say改為saying,。8.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。根據(jù)其前介詞for可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語,，故填being,。9.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【解析】考查不定式作定語,。此處用to do sth做后置定語,，用來修飾前面的名詞plan，表示“……的計(jì)劃”,，故填to retire,。10.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed,，we thought it was ___a__ joke.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語從句可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語,，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容,，call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,，故填saying。11.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】On our way to the house,，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.【解析】考查非謂語,。句意：我們?nèi)滩蛔∠胫肋€要多久才能到那里。該句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花時(shí)間做某事,，該句式中it作形式主語,，time做賓語，使用不定式作真正的主語,。而句中只是在對(duì)賓語時(shí)間,，用how long 對(duì)其進(jìn)行提問，不影響不定式的使用,，故答案為to get,。12.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞,。本句謂語動(dòng)詞為“were invited”，所以70題空格處動(dòng)詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,。聽音樂這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由we發(fā)出的,，所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題,，and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式,，故空格處填listening。13.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：當(dāng)孩子們?cè)诤诎档脑绯坎叫谢蝌T車上學(xué)時(shí),，汽車司機(jī)很容易看到它們。or連接兩個(gè)并列成分,，根據(jù)or前的walking可知,，此處要用cycling。故填cycling,。14.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：但是，有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服,。want to do sth想要做某事,，這里是動(dòng)詞不定式作to的賓語。故填to wear,。15.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to_myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,，此處是做句子的狀語,，要用非謂語動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語是I,，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing,。16.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Earth Day,，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：地球日于4月22日舉行,，是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度活動(dòng)。分析句式可知,，設(shè)空處是要做名詞Earth Day的后置定語,，且與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞,。故填marked,。1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷,?！癬___ along the old Silk Road”做主語，要用動(dòng)名詞,，故B選項(xiàng)正確,。點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一種，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征,。在句子中可以作主語,、賓語、表語,、定語,。2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在中秋節(jié)期間,，家人們通常會(huì)聚在一起吃飯,，賞月，品嘗月餅,。gather是謂語動(dòng)詞,，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是狀語，家人聚在一起的目的是吃飯,，賞月,，品嘗月餅,，表目的用動(dòng)詞不定式，故B選項(xiàng)正確,。點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)詞不定式可以做主語，狀語,，定語,，賓語，表語等,。動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語時(shí),，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常譯為“為了”,。3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：如果正確使用的話，普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細(xì)菌,。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句,，_________ correctly是條件狀語，修飾ordinary soap,，ordinary soap和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,，故要用過去分詞，A選項(xiàng)正確,。點(diǎn)睛：過去分詞所表示的一個(gè)含義就是“被動(dòng)”,。4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.A. to eat；to try B. eating,；tryingC. eating,；to try D. to eat；trying【解析】考查短語固定搭配,。句意：我不打算吃任何東西,，但冰淇淋看起來如此的好以至于我忍不住的要試一試。固定短語短語mean to do（打算做）,，couldn’t help doing忍不住做,。故選D。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語固定搭配,。同學(xué)在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要多把握動(dòng)詞不同搭配的不同含義,，本題需要區(qū)分“mean to do打算做”與“mean doing意味著做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能幫助做”與“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之間的含義。5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照,，所以我將不得不拍照片。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,，賓語my photograph與補(bǔ)足語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,，故用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,。C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行。故選B,。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查的非謂語動(dòng)詞為高中重點(diǎn)語法之一,。在分析題目的時(shí)候，首先要抓住非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所作的成分,，找出該非謂語動(dòng)詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯主語,，再分析二者之間的關(guān)系，最后根據(jù)句意選擇正確的答案,。6.【2018·江蘇】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceed【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：在這期間，大約創(chuàng)造13,500個(gè)新的工作,，超過市場(chǎng)分析師持有的12,000的預(yù)期數(shù)量,。分析全句可知，這里指前一件事情所帶來自然而然的結(jié)果,，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,。故選D。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。非謂語動(dòng)詞主要有動(dòng)詞不定式,、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式。having exceeded強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后,，指的是此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞create的動(dòng)作之前,；to exceed表示將要超出；exceeded過去分詞表示被動(dòng),。分析句意可知,，這里用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。7.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. 【答案】62. to see ,；63.dying 【解析】62.考查不定式作目的狀語,。你不必跑地太快或時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語,，故填to see,。63.考查動(dòng)名詞。你也許喝酒,、吸煙或超重,，但仍然通過跑步會(huì)減少早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此處of是介詞,，其后用動(dòng)名詞,。故填dying。8.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò)】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞,。去年夏天他們通過賣魚掙了一大筆錢,。此處介詞by后用動(dòng)名詞,，故用selling。9.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,。句意：為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米,。沒有連詞可以且謂語動(dòng)詞是encourages，故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞,。此處表示目的,，故用不定式。故填to improve,。10.【2018·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).【答案】64.looking,；65.challened【解析】64.考查動(dòng)詞,。動(dòng)詞avoid后要加doing,。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking,。65.考查非謂語,。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示不直視他的眼睛,，他就不會(huì)感到被挑戰(zhàn)性,。feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”,，用過去分詞challenged,。11.【2018·新課標(biāo)III卷·短文改錯(cuò)】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子成分分析,，本句有謂語為was,，而且沒有連詞，與主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,，所以wait 要用非謂語waiting,，表伴隨。12.【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.【解析】此處指我記得去拜訪一個(gè)在這里住了五年的朋友,，表示記得做過某事用remember doing sth.,，故填visiting
|
