One of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, von Karajan ruled over the Berlin Philharmonic and European classical music for more than three decades. Celebrated for his recordings of Beethoven, Mozart and Mahler symphonies, he sold some 200 million albums.

作為20世紀最偉大的指揮家之一,，卡拉揚引領(lǐng)柏林愛樂樂團長達30多年,，同時他也是歐洲古典音樂的領(lǐng)軍者,。他的唱片以貝多芬,、莫扎特和馬勒的交響曲而著稱,，銷量高達大約2億張,。

A piano prodigy

鋼琴神童

Herbert von Karajan was born Heribert Ritter von Karajan on 5 April 1908 to a Greek father and Slovene mother. Through her, he was related to the composer, Hugo Wolf. Young Herbert was a child prodigy at the piano.

1908年4月5日，赫伯爾特·馮·卡拉揚出生于希臘,，父親是希臘人,，母親是斯洛伐克。他通過與作曲家雨果·沃爾夫有血緣關(guān)系,。小赫伯特是個鋼琴神童,。

Early conducting

早期指揮生涯

From 1916 to 1926, von Karajan studied at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, where he was encouraged to concentrate on conducting by his teacher. In 1929, he conducted a production of Richard Strauss's opera, 'Salome'.

1916年至1926年期間，卡拉揚在薩爾茨堡的莫扎特劇院學(xué)習(xí),，在此他專注學(xué)習(xí)指揮并深受鼓舞,。1929年，他指揮了理查德·施特勞斯的歌劇《莎樂美》,。

Member of the Nazi party

納粹黨員

In 1933 von Karajan made his conducting debut at the Salzburg Festival with a scene from Gounod's opera, 'Faust'. It was also in 1933 that von Karajan became a member of the Nazi party, for which he would later be criticised.

1933年,，卡拉揚在薩爾茨堡音樂節(jié)上指揮古諾歌劇《浮士德》中的一個場景首次。也是在1933年,，馮卡拉揚成為納粹黨的成員,，他后來因此受到批評。

Conducting the Vienna Philharmonic

指揮維也納愛樂樂團

In Salzburg in 1934, von Karajan led the Vienna Philharmonic for the first time, and from 1934 to 1941, he was engaged to conduct operatic and symphony orchestra concerts at the Theater Aachen.

1934年,，在薩爾茨堡,，卡拉揚首次執(zhí)棒維也納愛樂樂團，并于1934年至1941年在亞琛指揮歌劇和交響樂團的音樂會,。

A rising star

冉冉升起的星星

Karajan's career was given a significant boost in 1935 when he was appointed Germany's youngest Generalmusikdirektor and performed as a guest conductor in Bucharest, Brussels, Stockholm, Amsterdam and Paris. In 1937 he made his debut with the Berlin Philharmonic and the Berlin State Opera, conducting Beethoven's only opera, 'Fidelio'.

1935年卡拉揚被任命為德國最年輕的指揮,，并在布加勒斯特、布魯塞爾,、斯德哥爾摩,、阿姆斯特丹和巴黎擔(dān)任客席指揮，卡拉揚的職業(yè)生涯取得巨大成就,。1937年,，他在柏林愛樂樂團和柏林國家歌劇院首次登臺演出，指揮貝多芬唯一的歌劇《菲黛里奧》,。

The Karajan miracle

卡拉揚奇跡

In 1938, for his performance of 'Tristan und Isolde', von Karajan was hailed by a Berlin critic as 'Das Wunder Karajan' (the Karajan miracle). The critic asserted that von Karajan's 'success with Wagner's demanding work...sets himself alongside Furtw?ngler and Victor de Sabata, the greatest opera conductors in Germany at the present time'.

1938年卡拉揚因在《特里斯坦和伊索爾德》中的精彩表現(xiàn),，他被柏林評論家譽為“卡拉揚奇跡”（the Karajan miracle）。評論家斷言，卡拉揚能夠完美演繹瓦格納的作品,，并能體現(xiàn)其中高超的藝術(shù)追求……當(dāng)時他和弗特沃·恩格勒和維克多·德·薩巴塔齊名，后者是德國目前最偉大的歌劇指揮家,。

Second World War years

二戰(zhàn)年代

By 1944, von Karajan was, in his own words, losing favor with the Nazi leadership, but he still conducted concerts in wartime Berlin. In the closing stages of the war, he and his then wife Anita - who was a quarter Jewish - fled Germany for Milan. He was discharged by the Austrian denazification examining board on 18 March 1946 and resumed his conducting career shortly afterwards.

用他自己的話說,，到1944年，馮卡拉揚失去了納粹領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的好感,，但他仍然在戰(zhàn)時的柏林舉辦音樂會,。在戰(zhàn)爭即將結(jié)束的時候，他和他當(dāng)時的妻子安妮塔（四分之一是猶太人）逃離德國前往米蘭,。1946年3月18日,，他被奧地利審核委員會解聘，此后不久又重新開始從事他的工作,。

Marriage to Eliette Mouret

與伊萊特·穆萊特的婚姻

On 6 October 1958, Herbert von Karajan married his third wife, the French model Eliette Mouret. They had two daughters, Isabel and Arabel.

1958年10月6日,，卡拉揚娶了他的第三任妻子，法國名模埃莉特·穆萊特為妻,。他們有兩個女兒,，伊莎貝爾和阿拉貝爾。

Final years

最后幾年

In his latter years, Karajan suffered from heart problems as well as undergoing surgery on his back. He increasingly came into conflict with the Berlin Philharmonic for his old-fashioned dictatorial style of leadership. He died of a heart attack on 16 July 1989 at the age of 81.

在他的晚年,，卡拉揚飽受健康問題困擾,，他患有心臟病并且接受了背部手術(shù)。由于其老式的獨裁式指揮風(fēng)格,，他逐漸與柏林愛樂樂團產(chǎn)生了沖突,。他于1989年7月16日死于心臟病發(fā)作，享年81歲,。

Reborn as an eagle

重生為鷹

A practitioner of Zen Buddhism, Karajan believed strongly in reincarnation and said that he would like to be reborn as an eagle so he could soar over his beloved Alps.

作為禪宗修行者,，卡拉揚堅信輪回轉(zhuǎn)世，并希望能投胎為鷹,，這樣他就能翱在他心愛的阿爾卑斯山脈之上,。