引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：

一種是直接引語(Direct Speech),，即原封不動地引用原話,，把它放在引號內(nèi)；

另一種是間接引語(Indirect Speech),，即用自己的話加以轉述,，被轉述的內(nèi)容不放在引號內(nèi)。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下構成賓語從句,。

學習直接引語變間接引語時,，我們需要注意四點變化：

★ 人稱變化 ★

直接引語轉換為間接引語時，代詞要根據(jù)說話人所處的立場而進行適當?shù)母淖儭?/p>

人稱代詞的變化

①當主句的主語是第一人稱時,，引語中的人稱代詞不變,。如：

I said, “You are the first to reach here today.”

→I said that you were the first to reach there that day.

②當直接引語中主語是第一人稱時,，改寫后的間接引語的主語人稱與主句中的主語人稱一致。如：

Linda said to Tim, “I’ll go there with you.”

→Linda told Tim that she would go there with him.

③當直接引語中主語是第二人稱時,，改寫后的間接引語的主語人稱和主句賓語一致,。如：

Her husband said to her, “Where did you put my coat?”

→Her husband asked her where she had put his coat.

提示：

如果主句中無賓語，改寫時應根據(jù)語境或想象,，自行添加適當?shù)馁e語,；如果直接引語中有呼語，則在改寫間接引語時變?yōu)橹骶涞馁e語,。如：

“Why do you cry again, Carol?” asked the teacher.

→The teacher asked Carol why she cried again.

④當直接引語中主語是第三人稱時，改寫時不發(fā)生變化,。如：

He said to Tom, “She can help them.”

→He told Tom that she could help them.

物主代詞的變化

改寫時,，句中的物主代詞也要隨句子的具體情況而發(fā)生改變。如：

“Have you found your handbag?” Father said to me.

→Father asked me whether I had found my handbag.

指示代詞的變化

一般情況下,，指示代詞this改成that,，these改為those。如：

He said to me, “I don’t like these coats.”

→He told me that he didn’t like those coats.

★ 時態(tài)變化 ★

直接引語轉換為間接引語時,，賓語從句中的謂語一般要轉換成與直接引語相對應的過去的時態(tài),。

當然，若直接引語使用了過去完成時,，轉換時就不需要再作改變了,。

但在下列情況下，間接引語中的謂語動詞時態(tài)可以保持不變,。

1. 主句為現(xiàn)在時或將來時,。如：

He says, “I have won the competition held in my school.”

→He says he has won the competition held in his school.

2. 間接引語表示的是現(xiàn)在的習慣動作、科學真理,、客觀事實,、格言等。如：

The professor said to the students, “The sun always rises in the east.”

→The professor told the students that the sun always rises in the east.

3. 間接引語中動詞表示的動作說話時仍在進行或狀態(tài)仍然存在,。如：

Just now Mrs Smith said, “My husband is in Beijing today.”

→Mrs Smith told me just now that her husband is in Beijing today.

4. 間接引語中有明確的過去時間狀語,，仍可用一般過去時，不必改為過去完成時,。如：

The lady said, “I first met the man in 2015.”

→The lady said that she first met the man in 2015.

★ 狀語變化 ★

直接引語轉換間接引語,，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律。

時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”,，如now改為then,，today改為that day，yesterday改為the day before,，tomorrow改為the next day等,；

地點狀語(尤其表示方向性的或用指示代詞修飾的狀語)由“此”改為“彼”,，如this 改為that, these改為those，here改為there等,。如：

He said, “I bought these books here yesterday.”

→He said he had bought those books there the day before.

★句式變化 ★

間接引語一般構成賓語從句,。直接引語改寫為間接引語時，賓語從句的引導詞可以分為幾種情況,。

陳述句

直接賓語為陳述句,，改寫為間接引語時要用that(that可省略)來引導。如：

Tom said, “My boss offered me a prize.”

→ Tom said (that) his boss had offered him a prize.

疑問句

直接引語為疑問句,，改寫為間接引語時要注意賓語從句部分應為陳述語序,，同時引導賓語從句的連接詞要視情況而定。

①一般疑問句或反意疑問句,。

直接引語為一般疑問句或反意疑問句時,，要用if/whether來引導，原主句的謂語為say時要改為ask,。如：

He said, “Are you interested in English?”

→He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.

②選擇疑問句,。

直接引語是選擇疑問句時，間接引語的主句謂語動詞可以選擇wonder, ask等詞,，賓語從句由whether... or (not)...來引導,。如：

My brother said, “Will you do it today or tomorrow?”

→My brother asked (me) whether I would do it that day or the next day.

③特殊疑問句。

直接引語為特殊疑問句時,，引導詞為原句的特殊疑問詞,，如：

He asked, “Where are you to get off, Alice?”

→He asked Alice where she was to get off.

④表示請求、提議,、建議或勸告等意義的疑問句,。

直接引語如果是此類疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時,，可以變?yōu)閯釉~不定式,、動名詞形式或含虛擬語氣的賓語從句。如：

“Could you please send a car to the airport to pick me up?” Robert said to his brother.

→Robert asked his brother to send a car to the airport to pick him up.

祈使句

直接引語如果是祈使句,，變?yōu)殚g接引語時,，通常把動詞原形變?yōu)閯釉~不定式，并在動詞不定式之前加上ask, order, tell, command, invite, remind, advise, request, warn等轉述動詞,，原句中please去掉,。如：

“Leave the room in five minutes,” Lily said to me.

→Lily told/ordered/asked me to leave the room in five minutes.

①祈使句中有呼語的，把呼語改成轉述動詞的賓語,。若祈使句中沒有呼語,，應根據(jù)句意給轉述動詞補上適當?shù)馁e語。如：

“Jim, keep silent!” said the teacher.

→The teacher ordered Jim to keep silent.

②若祈使句為否定式，在動詞不定式之前加not,。如：

“Don’t make any noise,” said the boss.

→The boss ordered/warned/requested us not to make any noise.

③祈使句表示“請求”,、“命令”等口氣，因而祈使句直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時不存在時態(tài)的變化,。但是人稱,、指示代詞、時間,、地點狀語等的變化還應根據(jù)陳述句直接引語變間接引語的方法進行相應的改變,。如：

“Please turn off the lights when you leave my office this afternoon,” Mr Black said to her.

→Mr Black asked her to turn off the lights when she left his office that afternoon.

④帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句(表示請求、建議或命令),，可用suggest/advise句型,。如：

“Let’s have a picnic this weekend!” said the boy.

→The boy suggested having a picnic that weekend.

→The boy suggested that they (should) have a picnic that weekend.

感嘆句

①直接引語是感嘆句，其變?yōu)殚g接引語時,，多采用賓語從句結構,，既可用what或how引導，也可用that引導,。如：

“What a handsome young man you are!” the old man said to him.

→The old man told him what a handsome young man he was.

→The old man told him that he was a handsome young man.

②有些感嘆句可以根據(jù)原句的意思，采用適當?shù)膭釉~變?yōu)殛愂鼍?，不需用間接賓語來轉述,。如：

“What a terrible accident it is!” he said.

→He complained about the terrible accident.

“Happy New Year!” she said.

→She wished me a happy New Year.