根據(jù)近幾年《中考說明》,、《歷年中考真題》，中考英語滿分120分,，主要分為單項選擇,，完型填空，閱讀理解和書面表達四個部分,。其中,，閱讀理解題是中考試卷中分值最大的一類題，在近幾年的中考英語中,，共有5篇文章,，占總分的三分之一（45分）,，并且分值仍有不斷提高的趨勢。

閱讀理解是綜合語言運用能力的一個重要方面,，主要考察考生閱讀能力,、主觀判斷力和邏輯思維能力。試題中所選的閱讀文章題材廣泛,，涉及政治經(jīng)濟,、社會文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,、歷史地理,、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個方面。體裁多樣,，包括記敘文,、說明文、議論文,、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報道,、廣告、通知,、操作說明,、表格等各種文體。因此,，考生能否得高分,，本題是一個關(guān)鍵。中考沖刺階段,，我根據(jù)多年指導(dǎo)畢業(yè)班的經(jīng)驗,，從如何進一步提高閱讀理解能力方面提出復(fù)習(xí)迎考策略。以下是我的一些粗淺之見：

一,、常見題型及解題技巧

根據(jù)歷年來全省各地中考閱讀理解題型的分析,，將閱讀理解題大致歸納為以下四類：

（一）細節(jié)理解題

一般針對某個特定的細節(jié)而提供，難度較小,，屬表層信息理解,，考生通讀短文后可直接找出答案依據(jù)。

解題技巧：

通讀短文,，領(lǐng)會文章大意,，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細節(jié)，特別注意：

1. 五個W （who ,， which ,， when ， where ,， what ）和一個H （ how ） ,；

2. 數(shù)字,、日期、時間等,；

3. 注意加強語氣的詞,。然后運用排除法排除不符合原文細節(jié)的選項，剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案,。

（二）詞句理解題

此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語或句子的含義,，常用的方法是多種表達法、一詞多義法,、同義近義或反義提示法,、習(xí)語釋文法及句型轉(zhuǎn)換法等。

解題技巧：

1. 正確理解題意,，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞,、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解,，推敲斟酌和最后確定其準確含義,。

2. 根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的技巧：（1）注意定義和解釋；（2）同義詞或近義詞的提示,；（3）近義詞和反義詞的提示,；（4）利用懸念的屬種關(guān)系,；（5）借助已有知識或生活常識,。

（三）推理判斷題

通過字里行間的閱讀，作合理的推斷,。

解題技巧：1. 分析文章的主旨,。2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3. 尋找文章的邏輯思路,。4. 核對問題中各項選擇與文章中有關(guān)詞句的聯(lián)系,。

（四）歸納概括題

此題主要針對文章的主題、中心思想,、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（主題句或主題段）,，要求學(xué)生在理解全文后歸納短文要點，概括中心思路,。

解題技巧：

通讀全文,，了解大意，靈活運用概括,、判斷,、歸納、推理等方法,，準確理解文章的話題和中心思想,。有時還要求對作者敘述的意圖和觀點作進一步剖析,，甚至推測作者的語氣和態(tài)度等。

一般說來,，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主題句,，且多位于段首或段末，有時也會夾在中間,。對無主題句的篇章,，考生應(yīng)對文章進行分析和歸納，然后概括中心思想,。

二,、閱讀步驟

1. 先看問題，再讀文章,。帶著問題閱讀短文,，確定主攻方向，特別要注意首尾段和首尾句,，把握文章的主題,，摘取有用的材料。

2.細讀全文,，認真分析與問題有關(guān)的詞匯,、句子或段落，特別留心一些關(guān)鍵信息詞,。

3. 復(fù)讀全文,，驗證答案。在選出全部答案后,，應(yīng)將答案帶入問題中重讀全文,，看前后意思是否連貫，有無矛盾,，若前后不一致或意思矛盾,，則要考慮重選答案。

三,、怎樣才能提高初中學(xué)生的英語閱讀理解能力,，輕松應(yīng)對中考呢？

1.大量閱讀是提高閱讀理解能力的必由之路

大量閱讀可以使學(xué)過的語言知識得到復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固,，使語言能力得到發(fā)展和提高,。在閱讀量小，接觸英文材料很少的情況下,，所學(xué)語言知識就理解不深,，掌握不好，且邊學(xué)邊忘,，學(xué)習(xí)效率很低,。

2.擴大詞匯量是提高閱讀理解能力的突破口

一個人掌握的詞匯量多少與其語言水平的高低有密切關(guān)系,。D.A Wilkins說過，“事實上,，沒有語法不能傳達很多東西,，而沒有詞匯就不能傳達任何東西?！痹陂喿x過程中,，如遇到生詞，要盡量利用構(gòu)詞法知識和上下文關(guān)系,，猜測新詞的詞義,。

3.鞏固并加深語法知識

初中學(xué)生要熟練掌握《大綱》、《課標》中的語法結(jié)構(gòu)表,，熟練掌握并運用語法知識,。這樣不僅有利于提高我們的聽、說,、寫能力,，而且有利于提高我們的閱讀理解能力。

4.拓寬知識面,，增加背景知識

中考英語閱讀理解部分所選的文章,，題材廣泛，內(nèi)容豐富,，涉及的背景知識包括人物傳記,、社會、經(jīng)濟,、文化,、日常知識,、科普知識等,。平時要多讀這類文章，不斷拓寬知識面,，豐富背景知識,，考試時遇到類似的文章，就會感到比較容易,，有利于成績的提高,。

總之，閱讀理解能力在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中起著舉足輕重的作用,。但冰凍三尺,，非一日之寒。學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的提高,，既需要老師科學(xué)有效的指導(dǎo),，更要發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體作用,，掌握閱讀的方法與技巧，這樣才能提高閱讀理解能力,，輕松應(yīng)對中考,。

閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

一、 人物故事

一,、(2018·江蘇南京)

There was a kingdom long,，long ago. It was ruled by a king who loved riddles. Once a year the king made a new riddle. He gave a prize to the person who could solve the riddle.

There was a baker who also lived in this kingdom. Everyone agreed that he baked the finest breads. The baker had almost everything he needed except for a horse. If the baker had a horse，he could sell his fine breads from one end of the kingdom to the other.

One year the king made a new riddle that puzzled everyone. “I will give a prize to the person who can solve my riddle,，” the king said. “Whoever wins will have the pick of one of my strongest horses.” He then drew a line down the middle of the courtyard. “Make this line shorter without erasing(清除) any part of it,，” the king challenged.

People came from far and wide. They looked at the line and squinted at it. They even put their noses to the ground and scratched their heads.

“How can you make a line shorter without erasing any part of it？” the people in the crowd asked each other. Some of them tried. The dressmaker kicked dirt(泥土) over the line to hide it. The farmer poured water over the line to make it disappear. None of these efforts worked,，and the people went home disappointed. Everyone was puzzled about how to solve this new riddle.

A week passed,，and nobody had any new ideas. Then one day the baker came into the courtyard with a bag of flour(面粉)．

“Your Majesty，” the baker said to the king,，“I can make your line shorter without erasing any part of it.” Then the baker opened his bag of flour. He poured out a line of flour right next to the king's line. The line the baker made was longer than the king's line.

“Now,，good king，” the baker smiled,，“your line is shorter.”

The people were amazed. The king laughed and clapped his hands.“You have won the prize. I will give you a horse of your choice.”

The baker was excited. Now he could sell his breads from one end of the kingdom to the other.

1. What was the baker's problem at the beginning of the story?

A. He couldn't make fine breads.

B. He needed money to open more stores.

C. He didn't have enough flour to make more breads.

D. He had difficulty selling breads all over the kingdom.

2. The dressmaker and the farmer failed because they both ________.

A. tried to erase the line

B. poured water over the line

C. kicked dirt over the line

D. put their noses to the ground

3. The baker smiled because ________.

A. he was glad to see the king

B. he wanted to make the king happy

C. he felt sure that he solved the riddle

D. he sold a lot of breads to the villagers

4. This story shows that the king liked ________.

A. to be rich B. to train horses

C. to eat breads D. to have fun

5. Who tells this story?

A. The king.

B. The farmer and the dressmaker.

C. The baker.

D. Someone who is not a character in the story.

二,、 (2018·江蘇無錫)

Sarah stood in front of the mirror(鏡子). “It looks like a raincoat on me，” she said.

“Perhaps the blue,，” said Mama,，gently.

“Sure，” the shopkeeper said. But when he took the blue coat,，there on the shelf behind all of the dark coats,，hidden like a spring flower in winter darkness，there,，as if by magic,，was a pink coat.

“A pink coat！” Sarah cried. “I want the pink coat.”

“That coat is smaller than the other ones,，” Papa said.

Sarah spoke up. “I'm small,，too. Papa，please let me try it on,，Mama? Please,？”

“It wouldn't hurt to let her try it on，” Mama said.

Without a word,，the shopkeeper took the coat from the shelf and held it for Sarah.

“Ohhh,！” Sarah said. The coat was smooth and shiny inside like her sister Sylvia's blouses. “Ahhh！”

Sarah stood very straight and looked in the mirror. She looked for a very long time. In the pink coat she looked like a spring flower.

“Sarah！” Mama said.

Sarah looked up. Mama was standing behind her. She was holding the brown coat.

“I'm afraid the pink coat will only fit one year,，” Mama said,，taking a step closer.

“And there's no one to pass it on to，” said Papa.

And the shopkeeper said,，“It's wise to save money.”

Sarah backed away. No one was going to put her into a raincoat again. She wanted to be a flower.

“Sarah,！” It was Papa. He came over to her. “You're old enough to know that you can't always have your own way，” he said seriously.

“Wise and true,，” said the shopkeeper.

Sarah took off the pink coat,，slowly.

“It is her colour，though,，” Mama said.

“Ahh,，” said the shopkeeper. “Anyone can see how the pink of the coat brings out the roses in her face.”

Papa looked thoughtful for a moment.

“We are lucky.” continued Mama，“that it is only one little coat for Sarah and not also new coats for Sylvia and Susan and Sally.”

Papa looked from the brown coat to the pink coat. “The cows will give milk soon enough,，” he said “And how can we let Sarah wear a brown coat when she looks like a flower in this one,？”

“Papa！” Sarah cried,，putting on the pink coat back,，quickly. She threw her arms around Papa's neck. “__3__” she whispered.

“Like a rose in spring，” Papa said.

1. What did Sarah try on first?

A. A big pink coat.

B. A small pink coat.

C. A big brown coat.

D. A small brown coat.

2. Why did Mama want Sarah to try brown and blue?

A. Because Sarah looked better in them.

B. Because Sarah could wear them longer.

C. Because they were big enough for Sarah.

D. Because they cost less than the pink one.

3. What did Sarah most probably say to Papa in the end?

A. How do I look?

B. How does the coat look?

C. I do look like a flower,，don't I?

D. The coat looks nice,，doesn't it?

三、 (2018·江蘇蘇州)

Do you know what you'd like to be when you grow up? It takes most people many years to find out. For the young artist Alexandra Nechita,，it never really seemed to be a question. From the day she began drawing at the age of two,，she was an artist.

Alexandra Nechita was born in Romania in 1985 and moved to California when she was still a baby. As a little child，she loved coloring in her coloring books. Her parents hoped she could spend more time playing with other children,，so they took away her coloring books. Alexandra began drawing her own pictures and coloring them in.

By the time Alexandra was seven years old,，she had begun painting with oil paints. When Alexandra took a local art class，her teacher was amazed at the young artist's unusual style of painting. Alexandra's work was similar in some ways to the paintings by famous artists like Picasso. These artists did not use a realistic style of painting. They allowed their imaginations to play an important part in their work. The interesting thing was that little Alexandra had never seen the work of these artists. People called her “Little Picasso”. This was a great honor,，but Alexandra's style of painting was all her own.

Alexandra's first public show was held at a Los Angeles public library when she was only eight years old. People were amazed at how young Alexandra was,，but mostly they loved her imaginative artwork. It did not take long for Alexandra and her work to become famous. She appeared on television programs and in newspapers and magazines all over the world. The sale of a single piece can earn the young artist thousands of dollars. But that is not why Alexandra creates artwork. She_just_cannot_imagine_doing_anything_else_that_would_bring_her_such_joy_and_satisfaction.

Today，Alexandra is a full-time artist. She also works to help support the arts in schools. Alexandra is a strong believer in the power of art as a tool of communication and a bridge to building peace throughout the world.

1. When did Alexandra begin drawing pictures?

A. At the age of eight.

B. At the age of seven.

C. At the age of two.

D. In the year of 1985.

2. Alexandra was called “Little Picasso” because ________.

A. she leaned to paint from Picasso

B. her style of painting was like Picasso's

C. she was one of Picasso's big fans

D. her style of painting was unusual

3. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?

A. Only painting can make her so happy and satisfied.

B. Only money can make her so happy and satisfied.

C. Anything can make her feel happy and satisfied.

D. Nothing can make her feel happy and satisfied.

4. According to the passage,，which word can best describe Alexandra?

A. Polite. B. Generous.

C. Patient. D. Creative.

四,、 (2018·江蘇泰州)

That year,，I was a Junior 2 student. Falling off the stairs hurt me in the head. Almost everyone thought I was dead. But they were wrong. However,，it was difficult to get back to normal(正常的) life. I had to leave school and learn everything，walking,，talking,，and yes，maths.

To help me with that task，Mrs. Pillar volunteered to come to the hospital and later to my house once a week. We began with basic maths skills. As time passed by,，I made progress.

I remember very vividly how she came to my home on Sundays,，sat with me at the kitchen table，and threw different coins on the table. She asked me to show her 38 cents,17 cents,63 cents. It was challenging,，but she also made it fun.

After a year and a half,，I had progressed a lot，both in body and mind,，to return to school. Seven years later,，I graduated from the University of Texas at the top of my class.

As years went by，I always kept in touch with Mrs. Pillar. Unluckily,，one day my parents told me that Mrs. Pillar had been in hospital because she suffered a stroke(中風(fēng))．

Now it was my turn to help her. Mrs. Pillar lay in bed,，unable to speak or know anybody around. I pulled some coins out of my pocket，dropped them on her bed,，and asked her to show me 12 cents. The nurse thought that my action was very strange until one day Mrs. Pillar smiled happily as I began working with her—just as she had worked with me years before. She made progress everyday and was moved out of ICU(重癥監(jiān)護室) and finally out of hospital.

One day,，I called to wish her a happy New Year. She spoke into the phone excitedly，“Happy New Year to you and your family,，Michael. Thank you for everything you've done for me.” I quickly said,，“Thank you for everything you've done for me.”

Mrs. Pillar was one of my Junior 2 teachers，but she taught me so much more about life than only maths.

1. Which of the following is the correct order of what happened in the story?

a. Mrs. Pillar suffered a stroke and was in hospital.

b. I fell off the stairs and had to leave school.

c. I returned to school with Mrs. Pillar's help.

d. Mrs. Pillar got better with my help.

A. b-c-d-a B. c-a-d-b

C. b-c-a-d D. b-d-c-a

2. What does the underlined word “vividly” mean in Paragraph(段落) 3?

A. 模糊地 B. 清晰地

C. 徹底地 D. 感激地

3. What does the writer mean by saying “...I graduated from the University of Texas at the top of my class” in Paragraph 4?

A. He was cleverer than his classmates.

B. He worked very hard on maths.

C. His classmates failed to graduate.

D. Mrs. Pillar's help greatly influenced him.

4. The writer asked Mrs. Pillar to show him 12 cents in the hospital in order to ________.

A. help Mrs. Pillar just as Mrs.Pillar helped him

B. play an interesting game with Mrs.Pillar

C. see whether Mrs.Pillar was getting better

D. make the nurse in the hospital feel strange

5. What is the best title for the passage?

A. A Great Teacher

B. Always Have A Dream

C. Never Give Up

D. Kindness Makes Wonders

一,、 【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文,。文章講述的是一個喜歡玩游戲的國王有一次出了一個難題讓眾人解答的故事。

1. D　【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題,。[解析]文章第二段最后兩句提到,，這個面包師除了缺少一匹馬，其他什么都有了,，他需要一匹馬的原因是想跑更多的地方去賣他的面包,。這說明，因為沒有馬,，他不能在全國范圍內(nèi)賣他的面包,。故選D。

2. A　【命題立意】推理判斷題,。[解析]第五段里提到裁縫用泥土覆蓋想隱藏這條線,，農(nóng)民潑的是水，都是想隱藏或擦掉這條線,，都不符合國王的要求,，因為不允許擦掉這條線的任何一部分。因此這些人失敗的原因都是把這條線的本身給擦除一些,。故選A,。

3. C　【命題立意】推理判斷題。[解析]面包師很想要一匹馬，而這次國王的出這道難題的獎品剛好是一匹馬,，面包師確信自己可以解決這個難題,，于是笑了。故選C,。

4. D　【命題立意】推理判斷題,。[解析]文章第一段第二句提到這個國王喜歡riddles(謎語；難題),，本文中這個國王出了一個難題并且設(shè)置了獎品,，讓很多人來參加，說明這個國王喜歡玩(to have fun),。故選D,。

5. D　【命題立意】推理判斷題。[解析]由文章的第一句“There was a king long,，long ago”可知,，講這個故事的人是在這個故事發(fā)生很多年之后，因此不可能是故事中涉及的任何一個人,。故選D,。

二、 【文章大意】本文是一篇薩拉試穿衣服的情景,。

1. C　【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題,。[解析]根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“Papa looked from the brown coat to the pink coat”可知，她最初試穿的是一件棕色的上衣,，然后才試穿這件粉紅色的,。故答案為C項。

2. B　【命題立意】考查細節(jié)理解題,。[解析]根據(jù)媽媽說的話“‘I'm afraid the pink coat will only fit one year,，’ Mama said，taking a step closer”可知,，媽媽認為這件粉紅色的衣服僅僅能穿一年,，也就是說棕色的比粉紅色的衣服穿的時間要長。故答案為B項,。

3. A　【命題立意】推理判斷題,。[解析]根據(jù)答語“l(fā)ike a rose in spring(像春天里的玫瑰花)”可知，上文應(yīng)該問“我現(xiàn)在穿起來怎么樣”,。故答案為A項,。

三、 【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文,。介紹被稱之為“小畢加索”的亞歷山德拉的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格,。

1. C　【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題,。[解析]根據(jù)第一段最后一句“From the day she began drawing at the age of two,，she was an artist”可知,，亞歷山德拉是在兩歲的時候開始畫畫的。答案為C項,。

2. B　【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題,。[解析]根據(jù)第三段第三句“Alexandra's work was similar in some ways to the paintings by famous artists like Picasso”可知，亞歷山德拉被稱作“小畢加索”的原因是他們的作畫風(fēng)格很相似,。故選擇B項,。

3. A　【命題立意】推理判斷題。[解析]畫線句意為“她不能想象做任何其他事能帶給她快樂和滿足”,，說明畫畫帶給她極大的快樂和滿足,。故選擇A項。

4. D　【命題立意】主旨大意題,。[解析]根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“People were amazed at how young Alexandra was,，but mostly they loved her imaginative artwork”可知，答案是一個和imaginative(有想象力的)相近的詞,。A項意為“有禮貌的”,；B項意為“大方的，慷慨的”,；C項意為“耐心的”,；D項意為“有創(chuàng)造力的”。故選擇D項,。

四,、 【文章大意】本文介紹了作者由于一次意外從樓梯上摔下來受了嚴重的傷，導(dǎo)致說話,、 走路都要從頭開始,，但是他在老師的耐心指導(dǎo)下最終恢復(fù)了正常，后來以優(yōu)異的成績考上了大學(xué),。不幸的是,，他的老師后來得了中風(fēng)，作者得知消息馬上趕往醫(yī)院,，用當(dāng)年老師耐心輔導(dǎo)他的方式幫助老師恢復(fù)了健康,。

1. C　【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題。[解析]本文介紹了作者由于一次意外從樓梯上摔下來受了嚴重的傷,，說話,、 走路都要從頭開始，但是在老師的耐心指導(dǎo)下最終恢復(fù)了正常,。后來他還以優(yōu)異的成績考上了大學(xué),。不幸的是,，他的老師得了中風(fēng)，作者得知消息馬上趕往醫(yī)院,，用當(dāng)年老師耐心輔導(dǎo)他的方式幫助老師恢復(fù)了健康,。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知選C。

2. B　【命題立意】詞義猜測題,。[解析]根據(jù)畫線詞的下一部分的描述可知,，作者對當(dāng)時的情景依然清晰的記憶。故選B,。

3. D　【命題立意】推理判斷題,。[解析]作者在老師的幫助下，學(xué)習(xí)成績越來越好以至于后來以優(yōu)異的成績考上了大學(xué),。

4. A　【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題,。[解析]作者這樣做的方法和當(dāng)時老師對他做的是一樣的,，所以他用當(dāng)年老師耐心輔導(dǎo)他的方式幫助老師恢復(fù)了健康,。

5. D　【命題立意】標題判斷題。[解析]本文講述了老師對作者的友善的幫助使作者考上了大學(xué),，同時在老師生病的時候作者又對她友善的幫助使老師恢復(fù)了健康,，所以是善良創(chuàng)造了奇跡。