定義：在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中，跟在主句后修飾某一名詞或代詞（統(tǒng)稱為先行詞）的從句叫做定語從句(The Attributive Clause).被定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞(Antecedent).定語從句通常跟在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(Relatives)引出.因此,定語從句又可稱為關(guān)系分句. 定語從句主要分為非限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句,。

(1)關(guān)系代詞：

that,which,who,whom,whose etc.

(2)關(guān)系副詞：

when,where,why etc.

關(guān)系詞既起著聯(lián)系從句與主句的作用,又代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的語法成分.如主句,賓語,定語,狀語等.

The woman who is standing by the classroom is our Chinese teacher.

在此句中,the woman是先行詞;關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句,同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任主語.

This is the room where Bin Ladin once lived.

在此句中,the room是先行詞;關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中擔(dān)任地點(diǎn)狀語.

一,、Who:代替人.

1、做主語:

The girl who plays the piano very well is his girlfriend.

2,、做表語:

She is no longer the woman who she used to be.

3,、做賓語:

I can't remember the man who I gave the key to.

二、Whom:代替人.

1,、做動(dòng)詞賓語:

Where is the student whom Professor Nirth praised at the meeting.

2,、做介詞賓語:

The girl with whom he was traveling is his girlfriend.

注：在“介詞提前”即“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用 whom 和 which ,。

三,、Whose(=of whom/Which):

1、代替人(做從句中某名詞的定語):

She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to Singapore.

2,、代替物(做從句中某名詞的定語):

He lived in the room whose windows face south.

四,、That:

一、代替人:

1,、做主語

The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.

2,、做賓語:

Is this the teacher that you talked about yesterday.

3、做表語:

She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.

二,、代替物:

1,、做主語

The train that has just left is for Beijing.

2、做賓語:

Is this the photo that you took last summer?

3,、做表語:

I wish my home town was not a polluted place that you think it to be.

五,、Which:代替物.

1、做主語:

The building which stands near the train station is a company.

2,、做賓語:

The computer which she wanted to buy was sold out.

3,、做表語:

She was fond of dancing,which her husband never was.

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句

關(guān)系副詞在意義上常常相當(dāng)與一個(gè)'prep.+which'的結(jié)構(gòu).

When(=at,on,in,during + which):代替時(shí)間名詞.做時(shí)間狀語:

I shall never forget the day when(on which) we moved into our new flat.

Where(=in,at + which):代替地點(diǎn)名詞.做時(shí)間狀語:

This is the place where(at which) John parks his car.

Why(=for which):代替指代原因.做原因狀語:

She didn't know the reason why(for which) she was dismissed.

as引導(dǎo)的定語從句

(1)引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句.

as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句,并在從句中做主語,賓語,表語或狀語,構(gòu)成:the...same as, such...as, so...as 等結(jié)構(gòu).

1、做主語:

Here are such questions as are often asked by the universtiy students.

2,、做賓語:

This is the same T-shirt as I have bought.

3,、做表語:

She has never seen such a handsome boy as I am.

4,、做方式狀語:

She'll do the experiment the same way as I do.

5、做時(shí)間狀語:

I came the same day as he left.

6,、做地點(diǎn)狀語:

She studies in the same college as he does.

7,、做原因狀語:

She didn't believe such reason as he did so.

8、做結(jié)果狀語:

Here is so difficult a question as nobody can answer.

(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句. as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行說明.一般用于

as we all know,as is known to all,as it is,as is said above,as already mentioned above,as is usual,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper

等句式中.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句中做主語,表語或賓語,且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句尾,也可插如入主句中間.通常由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開.as此時(shí)有'正如...','就像...'之意.

1,、在從句中做主語:

As is known to China,Qu Yuan is a great Chinese poet.

2,、在從句中做主語:

He forgot to bring his textbook with him,as was often the case.

3、在從句中做表語:

She is absorbed in work,as she often was.

4,、在從句中做賓語:

As we all know,the moon is round.