寫(xiě)在前言

大家知道,，今年長(zhǎng)沙中考閱讀理解發(fā)生了改革,，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新題型———中考五選四。出現(xiàn)這個(gè)新題型其實(shí)筆者也不覺(jué)得意外,，中考這幾年在出題上發(fā)生的變化,，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，是緊緊圍著高考的變化而變化著的,。比如中考寫(xiě)作趨向于應(yīng)用文,，都是因?yàn)楹峡忌_(kāi)始統(tǒng)一用全國(guó)一卷導(dǎo)致的。中考“五選四”其實(shí)就是來(lái)源于高考“七選五”,。高考英語(yǔ)閱讀七選五,，是給出一篇缺少5個(gè)句子的文章，同時(shí)給出7個(gè)選項(xiàng),，要求考生根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu),、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子,，填入相應(yīng)的空白處,，主要考查的是考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握,。中考閱讀五選四,，出題方式以及解題技巧上,，跟高考七選五，有很多的相似之處,。當(dāng)然,，關(guān)于五選四，相信不少同學(xué)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)很多偽技巧,，比如：“閱讀文章首尾段”,，“聯(lián)系上下文”，“認(rèn)真閱讀選項(xiàng)和空格前后句”,。這些技巧不說(shuō)我們也會(huì)做,，也就是說(shuō)了等于白說(shuō)。沒(méi)有任何實(shí)際操作性,。接下來(lái),，就給同學(xué)們介紹幾個(gè)實(shí)用有效的解題方法。

同學(xué)們都知道,，代詞是指代上文所出現(xiàn)的詞或者句,，定冠詞the后的名詞是特指，要么獨(dú)一無(wú)二,，要么上文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò),。所以，五選四空格后的句子中所出現(xiàn)的代詞和定冠詞就成為了一個(gè)重要的解題線索,。這也是很多同學(xué)容易忽視的小細(xì)節(jié),。看到代詞和定冠詞,，我們就要遵循“就近往前找指代”的原則,。

為了讓同學(xué)們更直觀地理解，我們來(lái)看一道例題,。

例題1：

_____ Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual. Always love yourself. 

A. Thinking is a skill.

B. Creative thinking techniques can develop children’s mind.

C. Thinking is a tool, and it is something that can be sharpened.

正確答案：B

解析：這道題,，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)空格后出現(xiàn)代詞them。them需要就近往前找指代,，而在三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,，出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞能夠被them指代的只有B選項(xiàng)。

例題2：

His father smiled and said, “Before you were born, your mother and I often had fun playing in the sea. __57__ just like the taste of the salty coffee. ” (長(zhǎng)沙樣題)

A. We could taste the sea.

B. I don't like salty coffee.

C. So he hated his father.

D. They found the food was tasty there.

E. He never knew his father had such deep love for his mother.

正確答案：A

解析：這道題空格前出現(xiàn)的句子中的“your mother and I”在空格處能被代指的只有A選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的we,。因此答案為A,。

例題3：

Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. __19__

A. Do not buy it.

B. The easiest is to steam it.

C. This is how you can do it.

D. It just requires a little knowledge.

E. The fish will go bad within hours.

F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.

G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

正確答案：A

解析：此題是一道高考題。也是一道連高中生都錯(cuò)誤率很高的高考題,。其實(shí)高考題的七選五也沒(méi)我們想象中那么難,。根據(jù)段落意思相信很多同學(xué)都會(huì)在A和E當(dāng)中糾結(jié)。E選項(xiàng)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)干擾選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)E選項(xiàng)的the fish得知,，  這個(gè)魚(yú)就是上句話中“有強(qiáng)烈味道的魚(yú)”,。而這個(gè)魚(yú)在上句話就說(shuō)到已經(jīng)不新鮮了。因此E選項(xiàng)的will go bad表示將要變質(zhì)是不正確的,。因此選到A,。A選項(xiàng)的it代指上句話中提到的不新鮮的魚(yú)。

很多參考書(shū)當(dāng)中在講閱讀和完形的時(shí)候,，都會(huì)把邏輯分成很復(fù)雜繁瑣的類別,，如因果邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯,、讓步邏輯,、遞進(jìn)邏輯等等。實(shí)際上,，知道這么多名稱的邏輯,，增大了我們的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)，對(duì)于做題也沒(méi)有太大的幫助,。其實(shí),，邏輯只要簡(jiǎn)單的分為兩種：前后一致和前后相反。前后邏輯一致關(guān)系就表明前后兩句話含義態(tài)度一致,。反之,，前后邏輯相反，含義態(tài)度相反,。值得注意的是，如果兩句話之間沒(méi)有邏輯詞,，下一句話是對(duì)上一句話的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,。

例題1：

__59__, but I drink salty coffee for 10 years! （長(zhǎng)沙樣題）

A. We could taste the sea.

B. I don't like salty coffee.

C. So he hated his father.

D. They found the food was tasty there.

E. He never knew his father had such deep love for his mother.

答案：B

解析：此題空格后出現(xiàn)了but, 因此得知前后兩句話構(gòu)成相反邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)but后的內(nèi)容“喝了十年的鹽咖啡”,，和前句話構(gòu)成相反邏輯的話,，應(yīng)該就是不喝。因此選答案B,。

例題2：

Leo and his father didn't talk for ten years. Ten years ago, Leo's mother died. He thought it was his father who caused his mother's illness. __56__.

……

Leo was deeply moved. __58__.

A. We could taste the sea.

B. I don't like salty coffee.

C. So he hated his father.

D. They found the food was tasty there.

E. He never knew his father had such deep love for his mother.

答案：56,、 C       58、E

解析：56題根據(jù)上文說(shuō)到的代詞指代問(wèn)題,，我們把答案可以縮小到C和E兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),。空格處上句話提到他認(rèn)為是他父親造成了他母親的疾病,，我們剛才說(shuō)到,，兩句話之間沒(méi)有邏輯詞，后一句話是對(duì)前一句話的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,。根據(jù)上句話的疾病我們知道是負(fù)態(tài)度的,，因此選擇一個(gè)負(fù)態(tài)度的選項(xiàng)C,。

58題同理。根據(jù)代詞縮小范圍到C和E,。根據(jù)deeply moved得知他深深地感動(dòng)了,，是正態(tài)度，后一句話態(tài)度一致,，選擇E,。

例題3：

This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired._______ However, coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake……

A. So, what’s a good sleep?
B. A bedtime drink can also help.
C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.

D. He never knew his father had such deep love for his mother.

正確答案：B

解析：此題是一道高考題。根據(jù)空格后的however得知前后兩句話構(gòu)成相反邏輯,。however后的內(nèi)容為咖啡和茶應(yīng)該被避免,，因此，含義態(tài)度相反的選項(xiàng)很容易選到B,。

復(fù)現(xiàn)就是重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的含義,。空格處的內(nèi)容跟后文的內(nèi)容主題一致的話，關(guān)鍵詞會(huì)多次出現(xiàn),。根據(jù)這個(gè)原理,，我們就可以用復(fù)現(xiàn)的解題技巧來(lái)解決某些題。

例題1：

______ The image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.

A. Always love yourself.

B. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself.

C. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.

答案：B

解析：此題空格后image這個(gè)詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)了兩次,，因此可以得知是這個(gè)段落的主題詞,。空格處的這個(gè)句子需要跟主題相關(guān),，因此選擇B,，和后文構(gòu)成了原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

例題2：

_________ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together. They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents….

A. So a number of parents began home-schooling.

B. Home-schooling is not accepted by all the people.

C. Parents choose home-schooling for several reasons.

D. Most often, their parents are their teachers.

答案：C

解析：此題空格后的句子出現(xiàn)的because of得知后文是講的原因,。因此選擇C選項(xiàng)的reasons 構(gòu)成了近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn),。此外，several這個(gè)詞也對(duì)應(yīng)了后文的some… others…

綜上,，中考五選四雖然是新題型,，但其實(shí)難度并不是我們想象中那么大。只要各位同學(xué)具備不錯(cuò)的詞匯基礎(chǔ),，再結(jié)合我們所講的解題技巧,，就一定可以搞定這個(gè)題型。值得注意的是,，我們剛才講的三個(gè)方法,，并不是獨(dú)立存在的，有的題,，甚至三個(gè)方法都可以進(jìn)行套用,。我們?cè)谧鲆坏李}的時(shí)候，三個(gè)方法是需要綜合考慮的。最后,，做完后,，可以再通讀全文進(jìn)行一遍復(fù)查。