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中考英語(yǔ)必考這幾種類型從句,,孩子掌握了嗎?

 昵稱47120388 2017-10-13

從句

由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子就是復(fù)合句,。主句是全句的主體,。從句是全句的一個(gè)成分,它在句子中作什么成分,,就叫什么成分的從句,。如作狀語(yǔ)的就叫狀語(yǔ)從句,作賓語(yǔ)的就叫賓語(yǔ)從句,,作定語(yǔ)的就叫定語(yǔ)從句,。初中階段要求掌握狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)單用法,。

【狀語(yǔ)從句命題趨勢(shì)】用一個(gè)句子(從句)來(lái)作另一個(gè)句子(主句)的狀語(yǔ),,用作狀語(yǔ)的句子就叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)就叫什么類型的狀語(yǔ)從句,。例如:條件狀語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)作條件狀語(yǔ),。

1.考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,。

2.考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句

3.考查地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

4.考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

5.考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句,。

6.考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,。

7.考查伴隨狀語(yǔ)從句。

8.考查方式狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句概述

用來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞,,副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句,。

狀語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分,即陳述句的語(yǔ)序,。狀語(yǔ)從句的位置,,可以放在主句前面或后面,但是若放在主句前面,,要用逗號(hào)與主句分開,;主句若是疑問(wèn)句,那么時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句的前面,。

根據(jù)其含義狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句,,原因狀語(yǔ)從句,,結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,比較狀語(yǔ)從句,,目的狀語(yǔ)從句,,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

(一)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常由when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),。

I went to bed after the TV play was ever.

It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.

(2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里,,通常不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),而要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),。

I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就將寫信給你,。

won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,,其含義是“一直到……時(shí)”,,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式,,其含義是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞,。

The young man read till the light went out.

Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob comes.

Don’t get off until the bus stops.

(4)①when,while都有“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”的意思,。when既可表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,,也可以表示某一段時(shí)間。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的,,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,,可與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,,也可在其后發(fā)生,。

2.Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候,你在寫信嗎,?

3.When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小時(shí)候就常常試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想,。

②while只能表示某一段時(shí)間,不能表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,。在while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在,。 例如:

1,、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車時(shí),林濤來(lái)看他,。 2,、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。

③另外,,when和while的區(qū)別還在于:while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),,而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用一般時(shí)態(tài)。 例如: 1,、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他們談話的時(shí)候,,上課鈴響了。 2,、I was doing my homework when my mothercame back home yesterdayevening. 昨天晚上媽媽回家的時(shí)候,,我正在做家庭作業(yè)。when/while都可做并列連詞.前者表and at that time,(這時(shí),,突然),,后者表對(duì)比,可譯為”然而”I was going downstairs when the telephone rang.Lucy is in blue while Lily is in green. when后加瞬間動(dòng)詞 while后也可加持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

(二)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常常由where來(lái)引導(dǎo),。

Go where you like.

(三)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo),。

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

(2)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句里,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),。

I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.

(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,。

Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

(四)原因狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

(2) because, as, since, for都是表示各種理由的連詞,,但because because表示直接原因,,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),故because所引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句末,?;卮鹩蓋hy提出的問(wèn)題,,只能用because。As和since語(yǔ)氣較弱,,一般用來(lái)表示明顯的原因,,兩者皆多用于句首。

------Why aren’t going there?

------Because I don’t want to.

As it is raining, let's stay as home. 因?yàn)橄掠?,我們就留在家里吧?/p>

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3)because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里,。because of也是表示原因狀語(yǔ),但后面只能跟短語(yǔ),。

I stayed at home because of the bad weather. 因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓梦伊粼诩依铩?/p>

(五)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so…that, such…that, so that引導(dǎo),。

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2)so…that語(yǔ)such...that可以互換。

在由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,,so是副詞,,與形容詞或副詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “...so + 形容詞(副詞)+ that + 從句”,。

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,,such是形容詞,它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,,也可以是

不可數(shù)名詞,;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可不帶,。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,,前面需加不定冠詞a或an。

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的,。

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

(3)如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時(shí),,只能用so, 不用such。

He has so little time that he can’

t go to the cinema with you.

(4)由so…that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句若是表示否定意思,,可以用too…to(太…而不能)來(lái)替換,。

She was so angry that she could not say a word.

=She was too angry to say a word. 她氣得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)

(六)比較狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句由than或as來(lái)引導(dǎo),。

This problem i

s more difficult than that one (is). 這道題比那道題難,。

(七)目的狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由 so that等引導(dǎo)。

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

(2)so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,,又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè):①目的狀語(yǔ)從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等。②從意思上看,,目的狀語(yǔ)從句往往表示的目的很明確,。例如:

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

(八)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由although, though等連詞引導(dǎo)。

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2) 漢語(yǔ)中的“雖然…但是…”在英語(yǔ)中只用連詞though就可以了,或單獨(dú)使用but連接兩個(gè)并列句也可以,,但不能在一個(gè)句子中同時(shí)用這兩個(gè)連詞,。

不能說(shuō):Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

應(yīng)該說(shuō):Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.

二、賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句,,在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ),。

【速記口訣】

賓語(yǔ)從句須注意,幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記,。

一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞,,不同句子詞相異,。

陳述句子用that,;一般疑問(wèn)是否(if,whether)替,;特殊問(wèn)句更好辦,,引導(dǎo)還用疑問(wèn)詞。

二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化,,主句不同從句異,。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意,;主句若為過(guò)去時(shí),,從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。

三是語(yǔ)序要記清,,從句永保陳述序,。

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意三點(diǎn):

①引導(dǎo)詞,陳述句一般由that引導(dǎo),,這時(shí)的that可以省略,;一般疑問(wèn)句則由if或whether引導(dǎo);而特殊疑問(wèn)句則由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),。

②時(shí)態(tài),,主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),從句可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài),;但如果主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),,從句時(shí)態(tài)所表示時(shí)間一般往前移一個(gè)時(shí)間段。

③語(yǔ)序,,賓語(yǔ)從句永遠(yuǎn)要用陳述句順序,。

定語(yǔ)從句

(一)定語(yǔ)從句的基本概念

在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句,,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成份,。

This is the boy who often helps me.

【定語(yǔ)從句命題趨勢(shì)與預(yù)測(cè)】

根據(jù)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句部分全國(guó)各省市中考試題的分析可知,,今后該部分仍將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一,。其考查重點(diǎn)為:

1.定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

3.各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

【考點(diǎn)詮釋】

一、考查以that與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句m

1.通常只能用that的情況

1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞a11,,few,,little,much,,something,,anything,nothing,,everything等時(shí),。

2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)以及被a11,,any,,every,each,,few,,little,no,,some,,

the only.the very.the last等修飾時(shí)。

如果先行詞既指人又指物,,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that,。

二、考查以who,,whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句m

(1)如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone,,anybody,everyone,,everybody,,someone,somebody,,nobody,,one,ones,,those,,all(指人)等作先行詞,作主語(yǔ)用who,,作賓語(yǔ)用whom,。who而不用which。

(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,指人作主語(yǔ)用who,,作賓語(yǔ)用whom,,who。

(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中,,作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose,,它相當(dāng)于the+名詞+of +which/whom;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中還有“代詞/數(shù)詞+of +which/whom'結(jié)構(gòu),。

中考英語(yǔ)必考這幾種類型從句,,孩子掌握了嗎?

中考英語(yǔ)必考這幾種類型從句,,孩子掌握了嗎,?

中考英語(yǔ)必考這幾種類型從句,孩子掌握了嗎,?

中考英語(yǔ)必考這幾種類型從句,,孩子掌握了嗎?

中考英語(yǔ)必考這幾種類型從句,,孩子掌握了嗎?

中考英語(yǔ)必考這幾種類型從句,,孩子掌握了嗎,?

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