下面是國際世界衛(wèi)生組織WHO屬下的國際癌癥研究機構IARC上月底公布的確認致癌物清單,,即1類致癌物。這個清單中,,一共有120種確定的致癌因子,,其中有60種物理化學或生物因子,60個生產工藝或生活習慣等,。 這個聊表中,,筆者初初一看,與職業(yè)相關的致癌因子,,有很多還沒得到我國標準或規(guī)范的承認,比如三氯乙烯2014年即被IARC確認為肯定致癌物,,在我國只認可其引起的中毒與藥疹樣皮炎,。鋁生產工藝、柴油廢氣、鋼鐵鑄造,、使用強酸的異丙醇制造工藝,、焊接煙霧、紫外線輻射等多種情形也被認定為確定致癌因子,。所有這些信息,,在我國的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生技術文件中都只字未提,均處于無視狀態(tài),。 有關致癌物質的管理,,德國認為不存在接觸閾值,都沒設定接觸限值,。美國政府工業(yè)衛(wèi)生家協(xié)會ACGIH也認為致癌物應該盡可能不接觸,。主流觀點也是如此。目前我國沒專門的致癌物管理法規(guī)或規(guī)章,納入高毒物品目錄的只14種,。安監(jiān)總廳安健[2015]124號文對個人防護用品是這樣要求的: 工作場所存在高毒物品目錄中的確定人類致癌物質(附表3),,當濃度達到其1/2職業(yè)接觸限值(PC-TWA或MAC)時,用人單位應為勞動者配備相應的勞動防護用品,,并指導勞動者正確佩戴和使用,。 附表3只列出了14種致癌物!它們是:苯,、甲醛,、鉻及其化合物(三氧化鉻、鉻酸鹽,、重鉻酸鹽),、氯乙烯、焦爐逸散物,、鎳與難溶性鎳化合物,、可溶性鎳化合物、鈹及其化合物,、砷及其無機化合物,、砷化(三)氫;胂,、(四)羰基鎳,、氯甲基醚、鎘及其化合物,、石棉總塵/纖維,。 由此可見,我們國家職業(yè)病防治與國際差距,,同志們仍需努力,!14種與IARC認定的數十種職業(yè)接觸相差太遠了,!致癌物的管控理念仍然停留在閾值的理論。癌是高風險的,,90%的病因是化學因素,,它是我們中國人第一或第二死因。一切為了勞動者的職業(yè)健康,,我們的路任重道遠啊,。
CAS No. | Agent |
| 50-00-0 | Formaldehyde | 甲醛 | 50-18-0 6055-19-2 | Cyclophosphamide | 環(huán)磷酰胺 | 50-32-8 | Benzo[a]pyrene | 苯并[a]芘 | 52-24-4 | Thiotepa | 噻替派 | 55-98-1 | Busulfan | 白消安 | 56-53-1 | Diethylstilbestrol | 己烯雌酚 | 58-89-9 | Lindane (see also Hexachlorocyclohexanes) | 林丹(另見六氯環(huán)己烷) | 62-44-2 | Phenacetin | 非那西汀 | 64-17-5 | Ethanol in alcoholic beverages | 酒精飲料中的乙醇 | 71-43-2 | Benzene | 苯 | 75-01-4 | Vinyl chloride | 氯乙烯 | 75-07-0 | Acetaldehyde associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages | 酒精飲料中的乙醛 | 75-21-8 | Ethylene oxide | 環(huán)氧乙烷 | 78-87-5 | 1,2-Dichloropropane | 1,2-二氯丙烷 | 79-01-6 | Trichloroethylene | 三氯乙烯 | 87-86-5 | Pentachlorophenol (see also Polychlorophenols) | 五氯酚(參見聚氯苯酚) | 91-59-8 | 2-Naphthylamine | 2-萘胺 | 92-67-1 | 4-Aminobiphenyl | 4-氨基聯苯 | 92-87-5 | Benzidine | 聯苯胺 | 95-53-4 | ortho-Toluidine | 鄰甲基苯胺 | 101-14-4 | 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) | 4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯甲烷(MOCA) | 106-99-0 | 1,3-Butadiene | 1,3-丁二烯 | 148-82-3 | Melphalan | 美法侖 | 298-81-7 | Methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A radiation | 甲氧西林(8-甲氧基補骨脂)加紫外線A輻射 | 299-75-2 | Treosulfan | 蘇消安 | 305-03-3 | Chlorambucil | 苯丁酸氮芥 | 313-67-7 | Aristolochic acid | 馬兜鈴酸 | 313-67-7 | Aristolochic acid, plants containing | 馬兜鈴酸(植物中的) | 446-86-6 | Azathioprine | 硫唑嘌呤 | 494-03-1 | Chlornaphazine | 萘氮芥 | 505-60-2 | Sulfur mustard | 硫芥子 | 542-88-1 107-30-2 | Bis(chloromethyl)ether; chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade) | 雙(氯甲基)醚; 氯甲基甲醚(工業(yè)級) | 1332-21-4 77536-67-5* 12172-73-5 77536-66-4* 12001-29-5 12001-28-4 77536-68-6* | Asbestos (all forms, including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite) | 石棉(所有形式,包括陽起石,、鐵石棉,、直閃石、溫石棉,、青石棉,、透閃石) | 1336-36-3 | Polychlorinated biphenyls | 多氯聯苯 | 1402-68-2 | Aflatoxins | 黃曲霉毒素 | 1746-01-6 | 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin | 2,3,7,8-四氯 - 對 - 二惡英 | 7440-07-5 | Plutonium | 钚 | 7440-29-1 | Thorium-232 and its decay products | 金屬釷粉及其衰變物 | 7440-38-2 | Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds | 砷和無機砷化合物 | 7440-41-7 | Beryllium and beryllium compounds | 鈹和鈹化合物 | 7440-43-9 | Cadmium and cadmium compounds | 鎘和鎘化合物 | 8007-45-2 | Coal-tar distillation | 煤焦油蒸餾 | 10043-92-2 | Radon-222 and its decay products | 氡-222及其衰變產物 | 10540-29-1 | Tamoxifen | 他莫昔芬 | 13233-32-4 | Radium-224 and its decay products | 鐳-224及其衰變產物 | 13909-09-6 | Semustine [1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea, Methyl-CCNU] | 甲基環(huán)己亞硝脲 | 13982-63-3 | Radium-226 and its decay products | 鐳-226及其衰變產物 | 14596-37-3 | Phosphorus-32, as phosphate | 磷32,磷酸鹽形式 | 14808-60-7 | Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite | 二氧化硅粉末,,結晶,,呈石英或方英石的形式 | 15262-20-1 | Radium-228 and its decay products | 鐳228及其衰變產物 | 16543-55-8 64091-91-4 | N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) | N-亞硝基降煙堿和4-N-亞硝基甲基氨-1-(3-吡啶基)丁酮(NNK) | 18540-29-9 | Chromium (VI) compounds | 六價鉻化合物 | 33419-42-0 | Etoposide | 依托泊苷 | 33419-42-0 15663-27-1 11056-06-7 | Etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin | 依托泊苷聯合順鉑和博來霉素 | 57117-31-4 | 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran | 2,3,4,7,8--五氯二苯并對二惡英 | 57465-28-8 | 3,4,5,3’,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) | 3,4,5,3',4'-五氯聯苯(PCB-126) | 59865-13-3 79217-60-0 | Cyclosporine | 環(huán)孢素 | 65996-93-2 | Coal-tar pitch | 煤焦油瀝青 | 66733-21-9 | Erionite | 毛沸石 | 68308-34-9 | Shale oils | 頁巖油 |
| Acheson process, occupational exposure associated with | 艾其遜法(用焦炭和粘土混合加熱制造石墨的工業(yè)方法),職業(yè)接觸 |
| Acid mists, strong inorganic | 酸霧,,強無機 |
| Alcoholic beverages | 含酒精的飲料 |
| Aluminium production | 鋁生產 |
| Areca nut | 檳榔堅果 |
| Auramine production | 金胺生產 |
| Benzidine, dyes metabolized to | 聯苯胺,,染料代謝 |
| Betel quid with tobacco | 檳榔和煙草一起 |
| Betel quid without tobacco | 沒有煙草的檳榔 |
| Clonorchis sinensis (infection with) | 華支睪吸蟲(感染) |
| Coal gasification | 煤氣化 |
| Coal, indoor emissions from household combustion of | 煤炭,家庭燃燒的室內排放 |
| Coke production | 焦炭生產 |
| Engine exhaust, diesel | 柴油發(fā)動機廢氣 |
| Epstein-Barr virus | 愛潑斯坦 - 巴爾病毒 |
| Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal | 雌激素治療,,絕經后 |
| Estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy (combined) | 雌激素孕激素治療絕經(合并) |
| Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined) | 雌激素孕激素口服避孕藥(組合) |
| Fission products, including strontium-90 | 裂變產物,,包括鍶-90 |
| Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole | 氟 - 伊青石纖維角閃石 |
| Haematite mining (underground) | 開采礦(地下) |
| Helicobacter pylori (infection with) | 幽門螺桿菌(感染) |
| Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with) | 乙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染) |
| Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with) | 丙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with) | 人類免疫缺陷病毒1型(感染)(艾滋病病毒1型感染) |
| Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 | 人類乳頭瘤病毒16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59 |
| Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I | 人類T細胞淋巴細胞病毒I型 |
| Ionizing radiation (all types) | 電離輻射(所有類型) |
| Iron and steel founding (occupational exposure during) | 鋼鐵鑄造(職業(yè)接觸) |
| Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using strong acids | 使用強酸制造異丙醇的工藝 |
| Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus | 卡波西肉瘤皰疹病毒 |
| Leather dust | 皮革灰塵 |
| Magenta production | 洋紅色生產 |
| Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treated | 礦物油,未經處理或溫和處理 |
| MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents | MOPP等聯合化療包括烷化劑 |
| Neutron radiation | 中子輻射 |
| Nickel compounds | 鎳化合物 |
| Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with) | 肝吸蟲(感染) |
| Outdoor air pollution | 戶外空氣污染 |
| Outdoor air pollution, particulate matter in | 室外空氣污染,,顆粒物 |
| Painter (occupational exposure as a) | 畫家(職業(yè)接觸) |
| Phenacetin, analgesic mixtures containing | 苯乙素,,含有鎮(zhèn)痛混合物 |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin-like, with a Toxicity Equivalency Factor (TEF) according to WHO (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189) | 根據世界衛(wèi)生組織的多氯聯苯,二惡英樣,,具有毒性當量因子(TEF)(PCBs 77,81,105,114,118,123,126,156,157,167,169,189) |
| Processed meat (consumption of) | 肉類加工(消費) |
| Radioiodines, including iodine-131 | 放射性碘,,包括碘131 |
| Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited | 放射性核素,α粒子發(fā)射,,內部沉積 |
| Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited | 放射性核素,,β粒子發(fā)射,內部沉積 |
| Rubber manufacturing industry | 橡膠制造業(yè) |
| Salted fish, Chinese-style | 咸魚,,中式 |
| Schistosoma haematobium (infection with) | 血吸蟲血吸蟲(感染) |
| Solar radiation | 太陽輻射 |
| Soot (as found in occupational exposure of chimney sweeps) | 煙囪(如煙囪清掃的職業(yè)接觸) |
| Tobacco smoke, second-hand | 煙草煙霧,,二手煙 |
| Tobacco smoking | 吸煙 |
| Tobacco, smokeless | 煙草,無煙 |
| Ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths 100-400 nm, encompassing UVA, UVB, and UVC) | 紫外線輻射(波長100-400nm,,包括UVA,,UVB和UVC) |
| Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices | 紫外線發(fā)光鞣制裝置 |
| Welding fumes | 焊接煙霧 |
| Wood dust | 木灰塵 |
| X- and Gamma-Radiation | X-射線和伽瑪輻射 |
精通職業(yè)衛(wèi)生之毒理學第五堂講座-神經毒理學,定于下周三20:00-23:00舉行,,為第一次微信收費講座,,每人50元,。目前已經報滿100人了,,還想進去的,,請加我為好友,然后要我背進去,。
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