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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之代詞:零冠詞的用法

 lwg6451 2017-06-08

     零冠詞的用法

  考題點(diǎn)擊1 If you go by ______ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______ fast one. (05全國(guó)卷3)

  A.the; the B.不填;a C.the; a D.不填;不填

  在由介詞by 加表示交通方式的名詞短語(yǔ)中,,不用冠詞。但如果by 不表示交通方式,,而表示地理位置,,就需要加冠詞了。如:by sea 乘船;by the sea 在海邊

  考題點(diǎn)擊2 It is often said that _____ teachers have _____ very easy life. ( 05北京卷)

  A. 不填;不填C. the, 不填B. 不填;a D. the, a

  teachers 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,,用來(lái)表示類屬,,不加冠詞,。只有在特定范圍內(nèi)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前才加冠詞?!癶ave a … life”是一個(gè)習(xí)慣短語(yǔ),,表示“過(guò)著… 的生活”。

  考題點(diǎn)擊3 The warmth of _______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ______wool used. (01全國(guó))

  A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /

  sweater 的保暖性能取決于使用哪一種類型的羊毛,。the 加單數(shù)名詞sweater 表示一種類型;而羊毛是物質(zhì)名詞,,表示類屬的物質(zhì)名詞不加冠詞。

  1)國(guó)名,,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,,Mary;

  2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),,可不用定 冠詞;They are teachers. 他們是教師,。

  3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞;Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母

  4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),,通常不加冠詞,,當(dāng)表示 特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞;Man cannot live without water. 人離開(kāi)水就無(wú)法生存,。

  5)在季節(jié)、月份,、節(jié)日,、假日、日期,、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,,不加冠詞;We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。

  6)在稱呼或表示官銜,,職位的名詞前不加冠詞;The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里,。

  7)在三餐飯、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast,,play chess 但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則需要加冠詞,。如:have a big breakfast

  8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),,常省去冠詞;

  I can‘t write without pen or pencil. 沒(méi)有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫(xiě)不了字,。

  9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無(wú)冠詞;by bus,,by train;

  10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如:school,,college,,prison,market,,hospital,,bed,table,,class,,town,church,,court 等個(gè)體名詞,,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義;go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院(并不一定去看病)

  11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞He came first in the race. c. 在固定詞組中at (the) first, first of all, from first to last

  12)在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中注意不帶冠詞的短語(yǔ)和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),。

  13)特別注意加冠詞和不加冠詞的意義區(qū)別,。如:go to hospital --- go to the hospital at table --- at the table in charge of --- in the charge of out of question --- out of the question

  不定冠詞的位置

  考題點(diǎn)擊1 ______ role she played in the film! No wonder she D has won an Oscar. (2002上海春)

  A. How interesting C. What interesting B. How an interesting D. What an interesting

  不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。但位于下列形容詞之后:such,,what,,many,half,,如:I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.

  考題點(diǎn)擊2 We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海)

  A. a rush so anxious C. so an anxious rush B. a such anxious rush D. such an anxious rush

  當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),,不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short

  a time. Too long a distance.

  還需注意下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題:

  1、quite,,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather,,quite 前仍有形容詞,,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lot

  2,、在as,,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),,不定冠詞放形容詞后:Brave a man though he is,,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見(jiàn)到蛇還是發(fā)抖,。

  3,、當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí),不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后,。

  定冠詞的位置

  考題點(diǎn)擊1 考題點(diǎn)擊He did it ____ it took me. (2003北京)

  A.one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the

  time 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,,但放在all,both,,double,,half,,twice,three times等詞之后,,名詞之前,。

  All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。

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