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Title: From Farming to Engineering: The Microbiota and Allergic Diseases DOI:10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.019 Abstract & Authors：展開 Abstract:The steady increase of IgE-dependent allergic diseases after the Second World War is a unique phenomenonin the history of humankind. Numerous cross-sectional studies, comprehensive longitudinal cohort studiesof children living in various types of environment, and mechanistic experimental studies have pointed tothe disappearance of “protective factors” related to major changes in lifestyle and environment. A commonunifying concept is that of the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the protectionagainst allergic disorders that is provided by the farming environment and by exposure to microbialdiversity. It also questions whether and how microbial bioengineering will be able in the future to restore aninterplay that was beneficial to the proper immunological development of children in the past and that wasirreversibly disrupted by changes in lifestyle. The protective “farming environment” includes independentand additional influences: contact with animals, stay in barns/stables, and consumption of unprocessed milkand milk products, by mothers during pregnancy and by children in early life. More than the overall quantityof microbes, the biodiversity of the farm microbial environment appears to be crucial for this protection,as does the biodiversity of the gut microbiota that it may provide. Use of conventional probiotics, especiallyvarious species or strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, has not fulfilled the expectations of allergistsand pediatricians to prevent allergy. Among the specific organisms present in cowsheds that could be usedfor prevention, Acinetobacter (A.) lwoffii F78, Lactococcus (L.) lactis G121, and Staphylococcus (S.) sciuri W620seem to be the most promising, based on experimental studies in mouse models of allergic respiratorydiseases. However, the development of a new generation of probiotics based on very productive researchon the farming environment faces several obstacles that cannot be overcome without a close collaborationbetween microbiologists, immunologists, and bioengineers, as well as pediatricians, allergists, specialists ofclinical trials, and ethical committees All Authors:Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean-Charles Dalphin First Authors:Dominique Angèle Vuitton Correspondence:Dominique Angèle Vuitton |
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