今天我們接著來分享目的狀語從句。 一、定義顧名思義,,在句子中充當目的狀語的句子,,就叫目的狀語從句,主要用來補充說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的目的,。如: 第一句中的短語so as to catch the first morning bus,,是用來補充說明got up early的目的狀語。 第二句中的句子he could catch the first morning bus,,是用來補充說明got up early的目的狀語從句,。 二、連接詞英語中常用來連接目的狀語從句的連接詞及其短語主要有: so that in order that for fear that lest
in case
目的狀語從句的謂語中常含有may,、might,、can、could,、should,、will、would等情態(tài)動詞,。
下面我們就來看看上面的這些連接詞及其短語的用法,。 (一)so thatso that表示“為了;以便”,。如:
We turned on the light so that we might see what it was. (我們把燈打開,,以便看看它是什么。) They put a screen around his bed so that the doctor could examine him. (他們在他床的四周放上屏風,,以便醫(yī)生給他檢查,。)
【注意】1、so that有時可以省略so,,直接用that連接,。如: 2,、當主從句的主語一致時,so that引導的狀語從句可以改為短語結(jié)構(gòu)so as to do,。如: 從句:We made a strategic withdrawal, so that we could build up our forces for a renewed attack. (我們作了一次戰(zhàn)略性退卻,,以便我們能積蓄力量再次進攻。) 短語:We made a strategic withdrawal, so as to build up our forces for a renewed attack.
3,、so that也可以表示結(jié)果,,意思為“因此;所以”,。此時,其從句的謂語動詞中一般不使用情態(tài)動詞。如: Everyone lent a hand, so that the sowing was done in time. (每個人都幫了忙,,所以播種才得以及時完成,。)
I took no notice of him, so that he flew into a rage. (我沒注意到他,他因此勃然大怒,。)
4,、注意so that與so...that的區(qū)別。如:
結(jié)果狀語從句:He stayed up so late last night that he couldn't get up early this morning. (他做完熬夜太晚,,以至于今早無法這么早起床了,。)
目的狀語從句:He went to bed very early last night so that he could get up early this morning. (他做完很早就睡了,以便今早能夠早起,。)
(二)in order that
in order that表示“為了,;以便”。如: I am saving money in order that I can buy a house. (我正在攢錢,,以便我能買一所房子,。) In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early. (為了及時趕到那里,我們應該早些出發(fā),。)
【注意】當主從句的主語一致時,,in order that連接的從句可以改為短語結(jié)構(gòu)in order to do。如: I came in order that I could see Jack. (我來,,是為了能見到杰克,。) I came in order to see Jack.
(三)for fear thatfor fear that表示“以免; 唯恐”,。此時,,其從句中的謂語動詞如果采用的情態(tài)動詞是should時,should可以省略,。如: He told us to keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others. (他讓我們保持安靜,,以免打擾別人。) We hurried along for fear that we (should) be late. (我們趕著往前走,,唯恐會遲到,。)
【注意】1、當主從句的主語一致時,,for fear that的從句結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為for fear of的短語結(jié)構(gòu),。如: 從句:We spoke quietly for fear that we should wake the guards. (我們悄悄說話,以免驚醒警衛(wèi),。) 短語:We spoke quietly for fear of waking the guards.
2,、當主從句的主語不一致時,for fear that的從句結(jié)構(gòu)也可以改為短語結(jié)構(gòu),。如: She took up the meter with care for fear that it (should) be damaged. (她小心拿起量表,,以免它受到損害,。) She took up the meter with care for fear of its being damaged. (四)lest
lest表示“惟恐;以免”,。此時,,其引導的從句的謂語動詞中使用的情態(tài)動詞一般都是should,should可以省略,,這也是虛擬語氣的一種,。如: They spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard. (他們低聲說話,唯恐被別人聽見,。) He took a flashlight lest it (should) get dark before he returned. (為了預防回來以前天就黑了,,所以他帶著手電筒。)
【注意】lest一般只用于書面語中,。如:
她吸了口氣,,唯恐他現(xiàn)在聽見了。
(五)in casein case表示“萬一,;以防”,。此時,其引導的從句的謂語動詞一般都會采用情態(tài)動詞should,,should可以省略,,這是虛擬語氣的一種。如:
They watched him closely in case he (should) escape. (他們嚴密監(jiān)視他,,惟恐他會逃脫,。) I stopped suddenly in case he (should) think that I was showing off. (我突然停住,唯恐他會認為我是在炫耀,。)
【注意】1,、in case引導的從句中的謂語動詞也有可能用其他情態(tài)動詞。如:
2、當in case表示“如果,;假如”時,,其引導的從句不再使用虛擬語氣,也大多不再使用情態(tài)動詞,。如:
In case she comes back, let me know immediately. (假使她回來了,立刻告訴我,。) I keep a warm coat at work in case it suddenly turns cold. (上班時我總帶件溫暖的上衣,以防天氣突然變冷,。)
3,、注意in case of的用法,表示“假如,;如果發(fā)生”,。如: In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. (如遇失火,,請按警鈴。) We have an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts. (我們有一臺萬一斷電時使用的備用發(fā)電機,。)
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