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你提出來的是同一論題的不同的方面,，下面分兩方面作答： 一,、含蓄條件句： 所謂含蓄條件句就是利用語境不直接說出條件的句子,。這種句子可以分為兩類：一種是廣義的含蓄條件句，另一種是狹義的含蓄條件句,。 1. 廣義含蓄指的是不用連詞 if 或 unless 介紹條件,，而是改用其他方式。事實(shí)上這些表達(dá)方式也是同樣是條件狀語,。 （1）用介詞引入條件： * but for（如不是, 如沒有）：注意,，凡是出現(xiàn)這個(gè)復(fù)合介詞的句子，必須要用虛擬語氣,，如： We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.（= We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.） * without/with (在不具備/具備…的條件下), 如： Without his help, I could not have done it well. (=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.) With favorable winds, we might have got there in tow days. (= If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in tow days.) * under （在…條件下） We could have done better under more favorable conditions. （= We could have done better if we were to be under more favorable conditions.） （2）分詞短語充當(dāng)條件（分詞短語本身就具有充當(dāng)條件狀語的功能）,，如： Given a certain oppertunity, he could have shown more talent. (= If he hade been given a certain oppertunity, he could have shown more talent.) （3）表示不具備條件的連詞連詞：but,but that,or或otherwise不定式短語 They would have resisted but that they lacked courage. （= They would have resisted if they hadn’t lacked courage. 要不是缺乏勇氣她們會(huì)抵抗的. ） 諸如此類,，不一而足。 2. 狹義含蓄指的是不用任何語言方式顯示條件,，而是把條件隱藏在具體的原環(huán)境中,， （1）用上下文暗示條件，如： I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it. （If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.） It rained yesterday, or I would have gone camping. (If It hadn’t rained yesterday, I would have gone camping.) （2）用委婉語氣暗示條件,，如： Would you mind opening the window? (=Would mind if I opend the window.) Could you do me a favour to pass me the book? (= You would do me a favour if you should pass me the book. ) （3）用表示愿望的語氣暗示條件,，如： Long live the Chairman Mao! (= If Chairman Mao should live long.) （4）用其他語言環(huán)境暗示條件，如： That would be fine. ( =省略了If you should do it.) You might saty here forever. (=省略了 If you wanted to.) I would not have done it. (=省略了 If I were you.) 二,、含蓄條件句的虛擬時(shí)間 含蓄條件句是一種不出現(xiàn)條件從句的句子,，也就是說它只是單獨(dú)的一個(gè)主句形式，因此謂語動(dòng)詞就是主句所要求的形式. 1. 表示對(duì)過去的虛擬：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 would/could/should/ought to have done 2. 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 would/could/should/ought to do |
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