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2016-11-19 簡(jiǎn)書 step by step 譯||簡(jiǎn)安娜 This lesson is meant to show you ways of increasing your vocabulary. 主要想通過(guò)這堂課向你們展示如何增加詞匯量,。 方法一：多閱讀,，多看自己喜歡的原英文題材 The most important thing that you can do to increase your vocabulary is read. 最重要的一點(diǎn)是通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)增加詞匯量,。 Read a lot. What should you read? 多閱讀。該閱讀什么內(nèi)容呢,？ Anything and everything. But the most important thing is to read what you are really interested in. If you like sports read a sport magazine, if you like movies read a movie magazine. Even better read the script of the movie. If the movie is base on a novel read the novel. Read it. Best way to increase your vocabulary. 任何閱讀材料,，盡可能地閱讀。但最重要的應(yīng)該是閱讀你所感興趣的內(nèi)容,。比如你喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)則閱讀跟運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)的雜志,，喜歡電影的話，則閱讀電影雜志,。甚至可以閱讀電影的腳本,，如果電影時(shí)根據(jù)小說(shuō)而拍成的，則閱讀那本小說(shuō),。閱讀是提高詞匯量的最好方式之一,。 方法二：多寫，多造句 Also don t just learn words trying to remember them. Write, write a lot, use those words you were learning. Everytime you learn a new word you should have a notebook with it all the way anyway. Write the word in a sentence. But not just any sentence. Make sure the sentence clearly shows that you know the meaning of the word. Let’s, for an example, I know everybody knows this one but beautiful, everyboby knows this word, but let’s say it is a new word for you. Don t write The sky is beautiful. This sentence doesn t tell me anything but the word about beautiful and the sky also blue. Does beautiful mean blue? No. make sure you using something. I like to see a beautiful sky that has pretty cloud and the sunshine and nice color and nice shape of blue because it makes me feel happy. Not the best exmple because it s a very long sentence but you get my idea. 不要僅僅用記憶的方式學(xué)習(xí)單詞,，應(yīng)該通過(guò)寫,。用正在學(xué)習(xí)的單詞造句。每次學(xué)習(xí)新詞時(shí)都應(yīng)隨身攜帶一本小筆記本,。然后用單詞造句,。但你造的句子要能夠表現(xiàn)出你對(duì)這個(gè)詞詞義的了解以及認(rèn)知。比如,，beautiful,，用這個(gè)詞造句，造的句子不要像“天空很漂亮”此類的句子,。因?yàn)樘炜找彩撬{(lán)色的啊,，難道漂亮跟藍(lán)色是一樣的意思嗎？當(dāng)然不是,。所以要確保你造的句子能表達(dá)出你對(duì)新詞詞義的理解,。但注意造的句子也不應(yīng)太長(zhǎng)。 方法三：學(xué)單詞不要只學(xué)一個(gè)單詞,，記得該詞的其他形式也要一并學(xué)下 Now again coming back to the notebook. Always have a notebook with you and always have a pen with. tip: 隨身攜帶筆記本&筆,。 再來(lái)說(shuō)筆記本。確保自己隨身攜帶一本筆記本和一支筆,。 And don t limit yourself to one new word. When you learn a new word make sure you learn different forms of this same word. Ok? So for example, the word beautiful. You learn a word beautiful. Put it into your adj column. It is an adj that’s what you want. But why not learn the other forms? 并且學(xué)新詞的時(shí)候不要只學(xué)一個(gè)新詞,。學(xué)新詞時(shí)應(yīng)確保也能同時(shí)學(xué)到這個(gè)新詞的其他形式。比如,，beautiful 這個(gè)單詞,，這是個(gè)形容詞,，所以歸于形容詞這列。但為什么不同時(shí)把這個(gè)詞的其他形式也學(xué)起來(lái),？ For example what is an adv form for beautiful? I think most you know it is beautifully. So now you have two new words. What’s its noun form of beautiful? It’s beauty. You now have three new words in your vocabulary. Is there a verb form of beautiful? Yes it is a matter of fact it is. Beautifiy is to make beautiful. You now have four new words. Think about other words, beauty, beautician, beautician is a person who works making people more beatutiful. She does facial, nail percutaneous and waxed and whatever else these beauticians do.Anyways try to find other forms and learn many words instead of just learning one word. beautiful 這個(gè)單詞的副詞形式是什么,？beautifully. 所以現(xiàn)在你學(xué)到兩個(gè)新的單詞啦。那么名詞形式呢,？beauty,。所以現(xiàn)在學(xué)到三個(gè)新的單詞啦。 beautiful這個(gè)詞有動(dòng)詞形式嗎,？有,，beautify， 也就是使變美,。所以現(xiàn)在學(xué)到四個(gè)新單詞啦,。再想想其他跟beautiful有關(guān)的單詞，beauty, beautician,。beautician就是美容師,。所以學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)新的單詞的同時(shí)也要學(xué)這個(gè)單詞的其他形式的詞，這樣你學(xué)到的就不僅僅只是一個(gè)新詞了,。 方法四：詞根學(xué)習(xí)法 Some people like to study roots and suffix and prefix. Personally I am not a huge fan of this recommendation. But at first I will explain what a root is. For example, you have the root ject. So you learn inject enject object subject… all those different words come from the root. So many people only study the word or the root, ject and think that would help them to understand the word with this root. It is a good idea if you have patience. I think most people who are studying in English don t like to study roots because it looks like studying in other language. If it works for you do it. If it doesn t then don t. 有些人喜歡通過(guò)研究詞根以及前綴后綴來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)單詞,。詞根是什么呢？比如這里的詞根：ject,。 通過(guò)ject這個(gè)詞根你可以學(xué)到 inject enject object subject這些詞,。這些詞都有個(gè)共同的詞根：ject。但是很多人只是學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)單詞或者是詞根,，并且認(rèn)為通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)詞根可以幫助理解,。如果你有耐心的話，這會(huì)是個(gè)好辦法,。但是大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人并不喜歡詞根學(xué)習(xí)法,，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)這種辦法學(xué)習(xí)單詞就像是在學(xué)另外一種語(yǔ)言（不是英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言）。如果這對(duì)你有效,，那么你可以這么做,。反之不要。 方法五：多聽 there are other things you can do, listen. Listen to as any spoken English as you can and I think some of you may hear the TED.com. it is a good website people give talks and lectures and lessons to different topics. Listen, listen carefully. Anytime you hear a word you don t recognize you write it down. If you don t know the spelling, no problem. Write it phonetically. Write the word just like its sound if you have an access to a transcript means all the words that have been spoken and written down. Check the transcript and find your word. If you can’t, you don t have a transcript go to a dictionary. 盡自己所能地多聽些英文音頻,。比如：TED.com,，這個(gè)網(wǎng)址上有很多人就不同方面的話題進(jìn)行演講，授課,。多聽,，仔細(xì)地聽。無(wú)論什么時(shí)候聽音頻聽到認(rèn)不出來(lái)的單詞時(shí)寫下來(lái)。如果不知道拼寫也沒關(guān)系,?？梢园凑瞻l(fā)音記下來(lái)。根據(jù)單詞的發(fā)音記下來(lái),，如果你有該音頻的文字材料，那么可以通過(guò)核對(duì)材料找出該詞,。如果沒有文字等文檔音頻材料,，那么你可以查字典。 方法六：字典 -01-字典的選擇 Online you could get a paper one or online one. M-w.com American English. Oxford English dictionary.com., British English. I have seen a lot of students use like their electronic dictionaries they go through an English to Korean to Japenese, English to Spanish… don t do that anymore. Ok? English to English, this way you are learning more words as you are learning one word. I don t know this word I look at the definition. In the defintion I maybe learn other words. You won t maximizing how many words you learn but using an English to English dictionary. 有網(wǎng)上字典或是紙質(zhì)版的字典,。比如： M-w.com 網(wǎng)址里的是美式英語(yǔ),；Oxford English dictionary.com， 劍橋英語(yǔ)字典網(wǎng)是英式英語(yǔ),。有很多學(xué)生使用電子字典,，用英語(yǔ)查韓語(yǔ)，查日語(yǔ),，用英語(yǔ)查西班牙語(yǔ)等,。請(qǐng)不要再這么做。應(yīng)該用英語(yǔ)查英語(yǔ),。 ?。ㄗg者話：也就是英英釋義）。通過(guò)英英釋義的方式,，你可以學(xué)到更多的單詞,。比如我不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞時(shí)，我去查閱字典上的定義,，而看字典上的英語(yǔ)解釋時(shí),，我可能會(huì)學(xué)到新的單詞。 只有通過(guò)英英釋義的字典你才可以盡可能地?cái)U(kuò)大你的詞匯量,。 -02-在線字典的應(yīng)用 Now again about those electronic dictionaries sometimes like a spreadsheet people are trying to write they would like to write a sentence in a native language and then press translate on the elecronic dictionary and get a sentence in English. I have seen sentence that I knew came from the electronic dictionary because they make not any sense. They were terrible terrible sentences. Don t do that. The people who made this dictionary might not know English very well. Keep that in mind. So these are some ideas. 很多人喜歡先用母語(yǔ)寫出一個(gè)句子,，然后將這個(gè)句子放到電子字典里進(jìn)行翻譯成英文。我（演講人）看過(guò)一些電子字典的翻譯,，這些翻譯根本就翻譯得不對(duì),，不合邏輯，翻譯得很糟糕,。制作該電子字典的人英語(yǔ)估計(jì)很糟糕,。所以請(qǐng)別用電子字典去翻譯母語(yǔ)句子。（譯者話：多年英語(yǔ)習(xí)得經(jīng)驗(yàn)看來(lái),，有道上的長(zhǎng)句翻譯其實(shí)也是這種狀況,，翻譯出來(lái)的英文大都是不合文法與邏輯。前不久看到新聞，谷歌在線翻譯確實(shí)了得,，翻譯出來(lái)的句子跟native一樣,。國(guó)內(nèi)的在線翻譯工具我知之不多，但只知道有道長(zhǎng)句翻譯不是很好= =,。很經(jīng)常翻譯出來(lái)的句子是有語(yǔ)病的chinglish,。歡迎讀者推薦好用的在線翻譯工具~） So now we are gonna look at a couple of many ways you could increase your vocabulary. These are very affective. But it takes a lot of patience and lot of perseveres. You have to try hard, you have to keep doing it. Because vocabulary, not so easy right? 中場(chǎng)小結(jié)：盡量多找方法來(lái)增加詞匯量，有的方法需要學(xué)習(xí)者有耐心與毅力,，并且堅(jiān)持做,。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)與增加本身就不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事。 方法七：善用學(xué)習(xí)小卡片： -01-卡片上寫什么 First we are gonna start with cards. You get yourself a stack of cards, maybe this big, not too big because you will carry them into your pocket, take them with you everywhere you go. On one side of the cards you are gonna write words four maybe five words they are new words for you. You are gonna write sentences on the back on the other side of the card. You are gonna use these words in sentences. So you have a clear meaning. Or you could write the meaning of the word, dictionary meaning. Both are ok. Now you are gonna split your cards into three piles. 準(zhǔn)備一些小卡片,?？ㄆ笮?yīng)該以能夠放到口袋的大小為宜，這樣就能隨身攜帶,，隨時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)了,。卡片的一面可以記下四到五個(gè)新單詞,，卡片的另外一面可以造句,，切記造句應(yīng)遵循上述的造句原則?；蚴强ㄆ牧硗庖幻婵梢詫懶聠卧~的釋義,，字典意思，都可以,。準(zhǔn)備好后就將這些卡片分類,。 -02-單詞卡片分類以及應(yīng)用 You are gonna have the pile in card of words that you know or you are very comfortable with. Eventually you are gonna have a pile like this, words you are very comfortable with, you know them very well you don t need to look at these cards very often. Now before I continue where you get these words? Get from a toefl. site or ielt site or snet site or snet book. For example, you have a list of words that you need to learn, put all these words on cards. Split them up like this. You know these words very well don t need to look at. These words are almost sure or at least you reconginze these words, you saw these words before, you heard them before, you can guess what they mean maybe in context so you are not sure put them into this pile. This pile you are looking at all the time. And then the last pile that you put words that you really don t know. This is the pile that you are looking at the most. You are studying these words as become more familiar you move them to this pile( move to almost sure pile). This pile you study very also regularly. This pile you want to put into your pocket and take with you when you go outside on the bus look at your words, long line at the bank, put out your cards look at your words. When these words become very comfortable with you, when you know what this word means move over to this pile ( know pile) and leave them at home. Don t know, almost sure, know, study move, study move, put aside once a while look at them just make sure you remember them. Because if you never look at this again you will forget them. So it is all the time continue. You have to practice practice practice. Vocabulary is a lot of memorization, that s way it is. 你會(huì)有一類的詞匯卡片：里面的單詞都是你知道的，或你很熟悉的,。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí),，你最后也會(huì)有這么一類的單詞。這些單詞從何而來(lái)： 托福,、雅思等網(wǎng)址得來(lái),。比如你有一些單詞需要學(xué)習(xí)，那么你可將這些單詞寫到卡片上,，并分成三類：很熟悉不需要查字典的單詞為一類（know）,；你很確定自己是認(rèn)識(shí)的，你見過(guò)或聽過(guò)這些單詞,，并且在一定的語(yǔ)境中可以大概猜出意思,、得一直查看的單詞為一類（almost sure）；最后一類單詞是你根本就不認(rèn)識(shí)的,，這類單詞你最需要查看（don t know）,。當(dāng)你通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)“don t know”類的單詞變得更熟悉時(shí)就可以將這類的單詞移動(dòng)到“almost sure”這類列表里了。這類的單詞也是需要經(jīng)常查看學(xué)習(xí)的,。這類的單詞你可以放進(jìn)口袋里,，外出搭乘公交時(shí)可以拿出來(lái)看，在銀行大排長(zhǎng)龍等待時(shí)可以拿出來(lái)看,。當(dāng)這些單詞你變得很熟悉時(shí),，則可以放在家里了。一步一步,，循序漸進(jìn)地,，從不知道的單詞，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)變到猜得出字義的,，再到完全熟知的，但也要過(guò)段時(shí)間拿出來(lái)查看,，確保記住了,。因?yàn)榫脹]再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)的話就會(huì)忘記。所以這些是需要一直繼續(xù)的,，必須一直練習(xí),，一直練習(xí)，一直練習(xí),。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)需要許多背誦記憶,，它就是這樣的。 方法八：詞塊學(xué)習(xí),，劃詞為組 -01-按詞根分組 What you do is you make yourself a group of words. you can make it many ways, you can keep yourself like a little brainstorm. For example if you look at the root here ject, then you write reject, inject, eject, subject or in a list, however what way works for you. So three ways that I would recommend to group works. Again if you like the roots group then like that, eject, reject, subject, inject. Now the reason you are gonna make groups is because you don t remember object or object, remember, now over, but you remember this group. You sort of remember what ject means so you could apply an object. Ject is like a push in most context. Object is push away, refuse. So if you don t remember the word, hopely you will remember the idea of this group then they will remember you what the word means. 可以按照不同的方式對(duì)詞組進(jìn)行分組,，無(wú)論是什么方式，只要對(duì)你適用就可以,。比如對(duì)于詞根：ject,，你可以將 reject, inject, eject, subject 等寫下來(lái)成組。我推薦三種方式來(lái)對(duì)詞匯分組,。分組的原因在于當(dāng)你不記得目標(biāo)或反對(duì),，但你記得這個(gè)詞屬于哪個(gè)組。那么你就可以記得ject的意思,，那么你就可以應(yīng)用賓語(yǔ)了,。在大多數(shù)的語(yǔ)境中ject就像是推。賓語(yǔ)就是推走,，拒絕,。所以如果你不記得這個(gè)單詞，希望你會(huì)記得分組這件事,，那么其所在的組就會(huì)提醒你這個(gè)單詞的意思,。 -02-按同義詞或功能相近的詞分組 Another group you could use is similar meanings so synonyms words that have similar meanings or similar function. So for example I am gonna look at this function, increase, extend, expand, accelarate, intensify, reinforce, all of these have some sort of, in the meaning have some sort of connection to increase. Extend, make it longer, increase length or time duration. Expand, increase size or scope. Accelarate, increase speed, intensify increases intensity, reinforce increase strength. So maybe you see the word reinforce when you reading something you are not exactly sure what it means but you remember the group it was in, the group was increase group. so reinforce means increase plus the context of the sentence you saw it in will help you understand it increases strength or sometimes could be increase number, number of soldiers, reinforce the position. 你可以將相近意思的單詞或具有相同功能的單詞分為一組,。比如：就功能而言,，increase, extend, expand, accelarate, intensify, reinforce這些都在詞義上跟增加有關(guān)聯(lián),。extend 表示使其變得更長(zhǎng)，增加長(zhǎng)度或持續(xù)性,；expand表示增加尺寸或范圍;accelarate表示增加速度；intensify增加強(qiáng)度；reinforce表示加固,、強(qiáng)化。所以當(dāng)你閱讀時(shí)看見reinforce這個(gè)單詞,，你不是很確定這個(gè)詞的意思,，但是因?yàn)槟阌浀眠@個(gè)詞的所屬組——increase增加的這個(gè)組，那么reinforce就是意味著增加的意思,，同時(shí)加上語(yǔ)境的幫助,，你就會(huì)明白reinforce表示強(qiáng)化或者是有時(shí)候會(huì)表示增加數(shù)量，士兵的數(shù)量等,，加固位置等,。 -03-按主題分組 The last group is theme. For example, like lets say today’s theme is technology. So you write words the related with technology. Obsolete, state of the art, update, downgrade, cutting edge, all these words we could talk about like computer softwares or computers. Obsolete nobody uses it anymore. Window XP, maybe not complete obsolete but almost obsolete or hardly anybody uses it anymore. State of the air, means the newest, cutting edge the newest the most events you can get. Update to make it newer, downgrade to make it less. For example I have windows 8, I don t like it I want to downgrade to window 7 but cant do it, window 8 wont let me. 最后一組是按照主題劃分的。例如：我們今天講的是關(guān)于科技的主題,。所以你寫的單詞跟科技有關(guān),。Obsolete（廢棄的）；state of the art（當(dāng)前發(fā)展水平）,； update（更新）,； downgrade（降級(jí)）； cutting edge（應(yīng)為at the cutting edge of 表示尖端,，前沿的意思）用這些單詞我們可以談?wù)撾娔X軟件或是電腦等,。obsolete表示沒有人使用。比如 Window XP,，可能不是完全廢棄,，不用，但大部分都廢棄或者說(shuō)幾乎沒有人使用了,。state of the art,，表示最新的意思。 cutting edge表示獲得最新的事件動(dòng)態(tài),。update是使其變得更新,，downgrade表示使其降級(jí)。比如：我使用window8,， 因?yàn)椴幌矚g所以想降級(jí)為window7,，但是因?yàn)閣indow8不允許，所以不能降級(jí),。 But anyway so you have theme, you have similar meaning or function, you have root, learn in chunks. If you don t remember one word, you remember the group it will help you to understand the word you were looking at. 不管是主題,，還是近義詞還是功能相近詞,，詞根等，請(qǐng)按照詞塊學(xué)習(xí),。如果你不記得一個(gè)單詞,，但是你記得它所在的組塊，那么這就會(huì)幫助你理解,。 譯者小結(jié)： 其實(shí)英語(yǔ)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)不管是詞匯量的擴(kuò)增或是對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)深度的學(xué)習(xí)等,，都是需要日積月累的。 比如本人在做這個(gè)視頻的聽譯時(shí)就經(jīng)歷了這樣的過(guò)程：先聽第一遍,，十三分鐘多的長(zhǎng)度,，在沒有字幕的情況下覺得都聽得懂；第二遍開始翻譯時(shí),，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多小細(xì)節(jié)需要再返回聽過(guò)才知道,；第三遍&很多遍的再返回時(shí)，往往都是因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)單詞聽不出來(lái),，于是就不知不覺地應(yīng)用了上文提到的方法五以及方法六——多聽,，然后根據(jù)語(yǔ)音寫下大致的拼寫，或者是遇到視頻作者在解釋一個(gè)名詞時(shí),，本人就會(huì)回到該詞的英英釋義，然后就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)聽不懂的單詞在釋義里面,。對(duì)于不是在解釋定義時(shí)才聽不懂的詞時(shí),，本人會(huì)根據(jù)寫下的大致拼寫，用電子詞典（比如有道...有道在查詞方面還是好用的）,，輸入前幾個(gè)字母則剩下的會(huì)自動(dòng)跑出列表,，然后挑選一個(gè)接近的，或者是沒有選擇時(shí),，就再返回聽,，同時(shí)注意演講者的嘴型發(fā)音來(lái)判斷自己是否聽錯(cuò)，修改自己的拼寫,，再返回字典查...不得不說(shuō),，真的需要耐心...試個(gè)幾遍就大概可以查到，有的單詞比如beautician（美容師）, Nevada（內(nèi)華達(dá)）,percutaneous（經(jīng)由皮膚的）等等,，這些都是本人用聽和查字典的方法一步步修正拼寫的,。在這過(guò)程中其實(shí)也強(qiáng)化了對(duì)這些詞的記憶；The Shawshank Redemption（肖申克的救贖）,，這部電影是看過(guò)的,，但當(dāng)時(shí)只記住中文的電影名字，沒注意到英文的說(shuō)法,，所以對(duì)于這個(gè)單詞我也一直聽不出來(lái),，后來(lái)是根據(jù)百度其作者Steven King的資料,，搜索出其作品，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)肖申克的救贖...另外,，港真,，我真的不知道beautiful 的動(dòng)詞是beautify...可見自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法也時(shí)需要提高。 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)真的需要耐心以及毅力,，比如我做這篇聽譯時(shí),，內(nèi)心其實(shí)一直是想放棄的，因?yàn)樘L(zhǎng)了,，尤其遇到一直聽不出來(lái)的單詞時(shí)= =但是付出就會(huì)有回報(bào)的啊,，堅(jiān)持下來(lái)就會(huì)學(xué)到更多，聽譯完時(shí)成就感頗多~嘻嘻~所以加油吧,！ 突然 想做回點(diǎn)老本行當(dāng),，好好學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。久未練功,，如有錯(cuò)誤,，歡迎指正~ 我是簡(jiǎn)安娜。 祝你的昨天,、今天,、明天快樂(lè)~ 本文來(lái)自騰訊新聞客戶端自媒體，不代表騰訊新聞的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng) 點(diǎn)擊展開全文
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