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非常齊全的小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總,小學(xué)生必看?。楹⒆邮詹兀?/span>

 愛卿如夢(mèng) 2016-10-10
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第一部分:基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

1.字母:26個(gè)字母的大小寫

  ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

  abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

2.語音:元音的發(fā)音

  五個(gè)元音字母:AEIOU

  12個(gè)單元音: 前元音:[i:] [?] /e/ [?]     中元音:[?:] [?]                                 后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?]        雙元音(8個(gè))       Ⅰ.合口雙元音(5個(gè))[ai]  [ei]   [au]     [?u]   [?i]       Ⅱ.集中雙元音(3個(gè)) [i?][ε?][u?]    


第二部分:語法知識(shí)

一.名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),,名詞的格式

(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

1.一般情況,直接加-s,,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,,child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(二)名詞的格

(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:

a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes

d)并列名詞中,,如果把 ’s加在最后一個(gè)名詞后,表示共有, 如:

Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車

要表示所有物不是共有的,,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s

Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車

(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:

a picture of the classroom a map of China

二.冠詞:不定冠詞,,定冠詞種類:

(1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle

元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(2)定冠詞:the the egg the plane

2. 用法:

定冠詞的用法:

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.

(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

(4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.

(5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

不用冠詞的情況:

(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.

(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

This is my baseball.

(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

(4)在節(jié)日,日期,,月份,,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

(6)球類 棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前:

They often play football after class. He plays chess at home

(7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.

(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.

(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus


三、代詞,、形容詞,、副詞

代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞  

第一人稱單數(shù)I(我)me   my(我的)

復(fù)數(shù)we(我們)us    our(我們的)

第二人稱單數(shù)you(你)you   your(你的)

復(fù)數(shù)you(你們)you      your(你們的)

第三人稱單數(shù)he(他)him    his(他的)

she(她)her     her(她的)

it(它)it      its(它的)

復(fù)數(shù)they(他們/她們/它們)them      their(他們的/她們的/它們的)

形容詞,,副詞:比較級(jí),,最高級(jí)

(一)、形容詞的比較級(jí)

1,、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用:兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí),,比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度,。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格),。

2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:

⑴ 一般在詞尾加er ;

⑵ 以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;

⑶ 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,,再加er ;

⑷ 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,,再加er ,。

3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí):

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

(二)副詞的比較級(jí)

1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形,有形用be;有動(dòng)用副,,有副用動(dòng))

⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后

⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后

2.副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同(不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)

四,、數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞

(1)1-20

one,,two,,three,four,,five,,six,,seven,eight,,nine,,ten,eleven,,twelve,,thirteen,fourteen,,fifteen,, sixteen,seventeen,,eighteen,,nineteen,twenty

(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,,再說“幾”,中間加連字符,。

23→twenty-three,,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,,56→fifty-six,,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,,89→eighty-nine,,91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);

586→five hundred and eighty-six,,803→eight hundred and three

(4)l,000以上,,先從右往左數(shù),,每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,,第一個(gè)“,,”前為thousand.第二個(gè)“,”前為million,,第三個(gè)“,,”前為billion

1,001→one thousand and one

18,,423→eighteen thousand,,four hundred and twenty-three

6,,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,,000,,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

序數(shù)詞

(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th

eg.four→fourth,,thirteen→thirteenth

(2)不規(guī)則變化

one→first,,two→second,three→third,,five→fifth,,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,,twelve—twelfth

(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),,變y為ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth,, ninety→ninetieth

(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞,。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth

基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣:基變序,,有規(guī)律,,詞尾加上-th.

一,二,,三,,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.

八去t,九去e, ve要用f替,。

ty將y變成i,,th前面有個(gè)e.

若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序,。

五,、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等

1.at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻,、時(shí)間,、階段等)。

at 1:00(dawn,,midnight,,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜,、中午)

2.on

1)表示具體日期,。

注:(1)關(guān)于'在周末'的幾種表示法:

at(on)the weekend     在周末---特指

at(on)weekends         在周末---泛指

over the weekend       在整個(gè)周末

during the weekend     在周末期間

2)在(剛……)的時(shí)候

On reaching the city he called up his parents.

一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。

3.in

表示'時(shí)段',、'時(shí)期',,在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù),。 in(during)1988(December,,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))

六,、動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài):

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

1. be動(dòng)詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它,。如: I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。

2. 行為動(dòng)詞:主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它),。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語,。

當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加'-s'或'-es',。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語,。

動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則

1.一般情況下,直接加-s,,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,,變y為i, 再加-es,,如:study-studies

(2)一般過去時(shí):

動(dòng)詞過去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped

B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3)一般將來時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少):running , swimming , sitting , getting


第三部分:句法

1.陳述句

(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

(2),、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

2. 疑問句

一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,,此類句子必須用“yes”,,或“no”來回答。

特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子,。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,,不能用“yes 、no”來回答,。

3.There be句型

There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別

1,、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中,,主語是單數(shù),,be 動(dòng)詞用is ; 主語是復(fù)數(shù),,be 動(dòng)詞用are ; 如有幾件物品,be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最*近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定,。

3,、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。

4,、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物,。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用:some 用于肯定句,, any 用于否定句或疑問句,。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用:and 用于肯定句,, or 用于否定句或疑問句,。

7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:

How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語?

How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?

8,、針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:

What’s + 介詞短語?

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