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目前我們高考英語(yǔ)中的should have done的含義通常為本應(yīng)該做（但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做，且含有責(zé)備,、批評(píng)的語(yǔ)氣）與shouldn’t have done s本不應(yīng)該做（但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了，且含有責(zé)備,、批評(píng)的意味）這兩種含義,。 但事實(shí)上，should have done還有幾種別的含義,，相關(guān)例句陳列以下,，請(qǐng)指教。 第1種含義：本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做某事（含有批評(píng),、責(zé)備的含義） 第2種含義：表示過(guò)去的“虛擬語(yǔ)氣” 第3種含義：表示現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做某事 第4種含義：表示將來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事 第5種含義：表示吃驚“竟然,、居然”做過(guò)某事 第6種含義：表示“你真該、真應(yīng)當(dāng)”做某事 第7種含義：本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做某事（并不含有批評(píng),、責(zé)備的含義） 以下例句分述,。 第1種含義：本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做某事（含有批評(píng)、責(zé)備的含義） 《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1914頁(yè)should詞條 I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have lost my temper. 對(duì)不起,，我不該發(fā)脾氣,。 《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1914頁(yè)should詞條1 should: used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing sb’s actions（尤用于糾正別人）應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng) He should have been more careful. 他應(yīng)當(dāng)更小心點(diǎn)兒才是,。 《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)辭典》第二版第1407頁(yè)should詞條 1a (expressing duty or what is necessary or desirable) （表示有義務(wù)或有必要）ought to應(yīng)該： He shouldn’t have/oughtn’t to have said that. (= he said it but it was bad to do so) 他本不該那樣說(shuō)的,。 《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1929頁(yè)should詞條1c should have (done sth) : used for saying what was the right thing to do when you realize that someone did not do it; ought to本來(lái)該（做某事） I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have interrupted. 對(duì)不起，我本不該干預(yù)的,。 You should have taken my advice. 你本該接受我的建議的,。 He didn’t make reservations, but he should have. 他沒(méi)有預(yù)約，他本該預(yù)約的,。 《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第2439頁(yè)should詞條3 If you say that something should have happened, you mean that it did not happen, but that you wish it had. If you say that something should not have happened, you mean that it did happen, but that you wish it had not. （表示與說(shuō)話(huà)者的意愿相反）本應(yīng) You should have done that yesterday you idiot! 你本該昨天把它做完的,，你這個(gè)白癡,！ 《COBUILD柯林斯英漢雙解詞典》第1799頁(yè)should詞條8.4 should have done: when you realize that you or someone else has made a mistake and you are suggesting how it could have been avoided. （建議如何避免已犯的錯(cuò)誤）本該 I should have bought a bigger chicken. 我本來(lái)該買(mǎi)一只大一點(diǎn)兒的雞。 You should have thought about that before you invited her. 在你邀請(qǐng)她之前就該想到那一點(diǎn)。 I shouldn’t have trusted that man. 我本來(lái)就不該信任那個(gè)人。 第2種含義：表示過(guò)去的“虛擬語(yǔ)氣” 《劍橋高階英漢雙解詞典》第2047頁(yè)should詞條 It’s very kind of you, but you really shouldn’t have bothered. 你真是太好了,，但你真的不必這么費(fèi)心的,。 《牛津英漢雙解大詞典.插圖版》第941頁(yè)should詞條3a: expressing the conditional mood in the 1st person（用于第一人稱(chēng)的條件句）會(huì)： I should have been killed if I had gone. 如果我去了，可能已經(jīng)沒(méi)命了。 《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1929頁(yè)should詞條7 should（用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣） If we had stayed any longer, we should have missed the train. 要是我們?cè)俣啻粢粫?huì)兒，我們就趕不上火車(chē)了,。 《COBUILD柯林斯英漢雙解詞典》第1799頁(yè)should詞條8.3 should have done: to say that something would have happened under certain conditions or circumstances; used especially in formal English. 【正式】將會(huì),，一定會(huì) I thought it was best just to go, otherwise we should have been there all day. 我想當(dāng)時(shí)幸虧走掉,，否則我們會(huì)在那兒呆一整天,。 《文馨當(dāng)代英漢詞典》第1671頁(yè)should詞條3 should（假設(shè)的結(jié)果主句中,，should隨人稱(chēng)所發(fā)生的意義上的變化悉同shall） a)（should表單純將來(lái)） If it had not been for your advice, I should have failed in the business. 假使沒(méi)有你的忠告,，我的生意就失敗了,。 《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第2439頁(yè)should詞條3 If you say that something should have happened, you mean that it did not happen, but that you wish it had. If you say that something should not have happened, you mean that it did happen, but that you wish it had not. （表示與說(shuō)話(huà)者的意愿相反）本應(yīng) I should have gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill. 今天早晨我本應(yīng)該走的,，但是我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)不舒服,。 I should have been in the shade like all the other tourists, then I wouldn’t have got burned. 我本應(yīng)該像其他旅游者一樣呆在陰涼處的，那么我就不會(huì)曬傷了,。 第3種含義：表示現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做某事 《牛津英漢雙解大詞典.插圖版》第941頁(yè)should詞條2a: to express a duty, obligation, or likelihood（表示責(zé)任,、義務(wù)或可能性）應(yīng)當(dāng),，應(yīng)該 They should have arrived by now. 他們這會(huì)兒該到了,。 《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1929頁(yè)should詞條2 should: used when you have strong reasons for believing or expecting something; ought to可能,，應(yīng)該（用于對(duì)某事的預(yù)測(cè)或推斷極有根據(jù)時(shí)） They should have got home by now. 現(xiàn)在他們應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了。 《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)辭典》第二版第1830頁(yè)probability 或然性 They should have /ought to have received our letter by now. (= I expect they have) 他們現(xiàn)在該收到我們的信了（我估計(jì)他們已收到了）,。 《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1929頁(yè)should詞條 should have后接過(guò)去分詞可以用來(lái)表示沒(méi)有發(fā)生或很可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作： The meeting should have finished by now (= it is likely it has ended). 會(huì)議現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。 《COBUILD柯林斯英漢雙解詞典》第1799頁(yè)should詞條8.2 should have done: to say that it is likely that something has happened by now or will happen before some time in the future. 大概,；已經(jīng) Dear Mom, you should have heard by now that I’m O. K. 親愛(ài)的媽媽?zhuān)@會(huì)兒你大概已聽(tīng)說(shuō)我沒(méi)事了吧。 第4種含義：表示將來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事 《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第2439頁(yè)should詞條4 （表示預(yù)期或可能性）應(yīng)該會(huì),，可能 We should have finished by a quarter past two and the bus doesn’t leave till half past. 兩點(diǎn)一刻時(shí)我們應(yīng)該就完成了,，而公共汽車(chē)要到兩點(diǎn)半才開(kāi)。 《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1914頁(yè)should詞條3 should: used to say that you expect sth is true or will happen （表示預(yù)期）應(yīng)該會(huì),，可能 I should have finished the book by Friday. 到星期五我應(yīng)該能讀完那本書(shū),。 第5種含義：表示吃驚“竟然、居然”做過(guò)某事 《劍橋高階英漢雙解詞典》第2047頁(yè)should詞條 should: used after ‘that’ and adjectives or nouns that show an opinion or feeling（用于that和表示觀(guān)點(diǎn)或感情的形容詞或名詞之后）竟然 It’s odd that she should think I would want to see her again. 真是怪事,，她竟然會(huì)認(rèn)為我還想再見(jiàn)到她,。 It’s so unfair that she should have died so young. 她年紀(jì)輕輕就去世了，真是不公平,。 第6種含義：表示“你真該,、真應(yīng)當(dāng)”做某事 《劍橋高階英漢雙解詞典》第2047頁(yè)should詞條 you should have seen/heard sth/sb: seeing or hearing something or someone would have interested or amused you very much你真該看看/聽(tīng)聽(tīng)： You should have seen her—she was furious! 你真該看看她當(dāng)時(shí)的模樣——她大發(fā)脾氣！ 《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)辭典》第二版第1408頁(yè)should詞條7 should have thought（用于表示驚訝或煩惱的陳述中,，正式,，尤英）：以為 Twenty degrees? I should have thought it was colder than that. 二十度？我還以為氣溫比這低呢,。 《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1914頁(yè)should詞條14 should: used to tell sb that sth would amuse or surprise them if they saw or experienced it（表示假如對(duì)方可見(jiàn)或經(jīng)歷某事物,，一定會(huì)感興趣或吃驚）真該，真應(yīng)當(dāng) You should have seen her face when she found out! 你真該看看她發(fā)現(xiàn)事情真相時(shí)臉上的表情,！ 《COBUILD柯林斯英漢雙解詞典》第1799頁(yè)should詞條6 should（表示驚訝,、有趣等）你實(shí)在該，你真該,，你沒(méi)有…實(shí)在可惜 You should hear the way she talks to me. 你真該聽(tīng)聽(tīng)她對(duì)我說(shuō)話(huà)的那種腔調(diào),。 You should have seen it. 你沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)那場(chǎng)面實(shí)在可惜。 《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第2440頁(yè)should詞條11 You use should in expressions such as You should have seen us and You should have heard him to emphasize how funny, shocking, or impressive something that you experienced was. （強(qiáng)調(diào)所經(jīng)歷的事有趣、令人震驚等）實(shí)在該,，真該,，真應(yīng)當(dāng)（口語(yǔ)） You should have heard him last night! 昨晚你真該聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他所說(shuō)的。 You should have seen him when he first came out—it was so bad. 你真應(yīng)該看看他第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí)的樣子,，真讓人難過(guò),。 He started crying and I cried too. You should have seen us. 他哭了起來(lái)，我也哭了,，你真該看看我倆的樣子,。 第7種含義：本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做某事（并不含有批評(píng)、責(zé)備的含義） 《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)辭典》第二版第1830頁(yè)desirability可能性,，應(yīng)當(dāng),，應(yīng)該 The farmers should have/ought to have been consulted. (but they were not consulted) 本該找農(nóng)場(chǎng)主們商量商量的（但沒(méi)有商量）。 《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1929頁(yè)should詞條 should have后接過(guò)去分詞可以用來(lái)表示沒(méi)有發(fā)生或很可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作： I should have brought an umbrella (= I did not bring one). 我本來(lái)應(yīng)該帶把傘的,。 《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1914頁(yè)should詞條1 should: used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing sb’s actions（尤用于糾正別人）應(yīng)該,，應(yīng)當(dāng) A present for me? You shouldn’t have! 給我的禮物？您太客氣了,！ 《劍橋高階英漢雙解詞典》第2047頁(yè)should詞條 I should have written to her but I haven’t had time. 我本應(yīng)該給她寫(xiě)信,，可是沒(méi)有時(shí)間。 It’s very kind of you, but you really shouldn’t have bothered. 你真是太好了,，但你真的不必這么費(fèi)心的,。 《文馨當(dāng)代英漢詞典》第1671頁(yè)should詞條1 should（表義務(wù)、責(zé)任）應(yīng)該,，應(yīng)當(dāng),，理應(yīng)（意義比ought to或must弱，所表達(dá)的勸告常多于義務(wù)） You should have seen the movie. 你本來(lái)應(yīng)當(dāng)去看這部電影（要是看了就好了）,。 You shouldn’t have done that. 你本不該做出那種事,。 should have + p.p.表示該做而未做 shouldn’t have + p.p.則表示不該做但已做了 《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第2439頁(yè)should詞條3 If you say that something should have happened, you mean that it did not happen, but that you wish it had. If you say that something should not have happened, you mean that it did happen, but that you wish it had not. （表示與說(shuō)話(huà)者的意愿相反）本應(yīng) I should have gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill. 今天早晨我本應(yīng)該走的，但是我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)不舒服,。 You should have written to the area manager again. 你本應(yīng)該再給地區(qū)經(jīng)理寫(xiě)封信的。 《COBUILD柯林斯英漢雙解詞典》第1799頁(yè)should詞條8.1 to say that something was expected or intended to happen but did not happen. should have done本應(yīng)該 Muskie should have won by a huge margin. 馬斯基本該以大比數(shù)獲選的,。 Yesterday should have been the start of the soccer season. 昨天本該是足球賽季的開(kāi)始日,。 就目前的高考英語(yǔ)考試而言，還是記住should have done sth本應(yīng)該做某事（但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做,，且含有責(zé)備,、批評(píng)的語(yǔ)氣）與shouldn’t have done sth本不應(yīng)該做某事（但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了，且含有責(zé)備,、批評(píng)的意味）這兩種含義即可,。 對(duì)于平時(shí)的高中的模擬考試多記一個(gè)：should have done sth含有“驚訝、吃驚”的語(yǔ)氣，可譯為“竟然,、居然”的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義,。 2016年9月19日記（歡迎補(bǔ)充添加，謝謝指正,、批評(píng),，共同進(jìn)步） |
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