初中英語考點梳理之動詞下(每天一考點) 文/安穎/北京西城中學(xué)英語教師 上次與同學(xué)們分享了中考考點梳理之動詞上半部分,,主要涉及動詞的變化形式與時態(tài),今天我們繼續(xù)分享動詞在初中英語中的考察點,,因為動詞涉及的考點內(nèi)容較多,,所以特意為同學(xué)們分成兩部分講解,已達(dá)到更加詳細(xì)深入的理解掌握動詞的用法,,請大家持續(xù)關(guān)注安穎老師的文章,,今后我會按照考試大綱為同學(xué)們一一詳解初中語法考點梳理,歡迎同學(xué)們收藏轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),。 ?。ㄒ唬┱莆涨閼B(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法 ① 情態(tài)動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞,,用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài),,包括請求、命令,、允諾,、可能、需要,、敢于,、愿望、義務(wù),、能力等,。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義,但詞義不完全,,不能單獨用作謂語,,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,且后面只跟動詞原形,。 ?、?情態(tài)動詞的種類: can could 能 may might 可以(或許) must must(had to) 必須(不得不) will would 愿意 shall should 應(yīng)該 need needed 需要 dare dared 敢于 ③ can的用法 ?。?)表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”,,也能表示根據(jù)客觀條件能做某事的“能力”。 The boy can swim very well. Who can answer this question? ?。?)表示允許 The students can leave after the meeting. When can I get the news? ?。?)表示推測 It can be wrong. Who can your new teacher next term? ④could的用法 ?。?)can的過去式,,表示過去有能力及過去的可能性,。 They could run very fast when they were young. Could you speak English at that time? (2)表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見,。 Could I borrow your bike? Could you listen to me carefully? ?。?)表示驚異、懷疑,、不相信等態(tài)度 How could that be? She couldn’t know me. ?、?must的用法 (1).表示義務(wù),,命令或必要 You must finish it before 5 o’clock. Must I hand it in now? ?。?).表示肯定的推測:一定 She must be a pretty girl. You must be wrong. ⑥ need的用法588.es (1) 表示“需要,,必須”,,主要用于否定句和疑問句中。 We need to pay more attention. Need I call him for you? ?。?)need引導(dǎo)的疑問句,,肯定回答時多用must,否定回答時用needn’t,。 Need he come? 他必須來嗎,? Yes, he must.是的,必須來,。 No, he needn’t.不,,他不必來。 ?、?may的用法 ?。?)表示請求、許可,、可以 May I ask you some questions? May we start now? ?。?)表示推測說話人的猜測,認(rèn)為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發(fā)生,。 He may be 25 years old. We may come back in three days. ?。?)may用于感嘆句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。 May you success! May you have a nice trip,! ?、?should的用法 should意思是“應(yīng)該”,表示勸告或建議(=ought to) Who should I meet this afternoon? You should pack you bag quickly. ?。ǘ┝私庖话悻F(xiàn)在時,、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本用法 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來,,只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài),。漢語往往用“被”、“受”,、“給”等詞來表示被動意義,。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(p.p.)”構(gòu)成,。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式,,過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化亦如此,。 1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)(am/ is/ are +done) English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語,。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室,。 2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個男孩打碎了,。 He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了,。 3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個演講,。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。 I think thousands of people will be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助,。 ?。ㄈ┝私夂星閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞; 其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成,“be+過去分詞”部分不變,。如: Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造,。 Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。(一般過去時) Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎,?(疑問句) ?。ㄋ模﹦釉~不定式的基本用法 動詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語,、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語(包括目的狀語,,結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。) 1)作主語 To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高興,。 It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.) 在山里開車很困難,。 2)作賓語 ① 后接不定式作賓語的及物動詞多是表示“意愿”,、“企圖”等的動詞,,如: hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try,promise, refuse. I want to talk with her.我想和她談?wù)劇?/p> She has decided to go.她已決定要走,。 ?、?在feel, find, think, consider, made等動詞后如果是不定式作賓語,而補(bǔ)語是形容詞,,則通常用it作形式賓語,,而把真正的賓語即不定式移至形容詞之后,。如: I find it impossible to forget her.我發(fā)現(xiàn)忘掉她是不可能的。 He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他認(rèn)為帶把傘是必要的,。 3)作表語 Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成為一名教師,。 Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。 4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語 He wants me to come earlier.他想要我來得更早些,。 The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他們轉(zhuǎn)過身,。 5)作目的狀語: She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打開窗子好讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。 I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那兒看她了,。 6)作結(jié)果狀語: He is too tired to go any further.他太累了,,不能再走了。 He is not old enough to join the army.他年齡太小,,不能參軍,。 7)作原因狀語: 不定式跟在表示“喜、怒,、哀,、樂”的形容詞之后,可以表示引起這些情感的原因,。 I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉給你帶來麻煩,。 I’m glad to see you.見到你真高興。 請大家繼續(xù)關(guān)注我的微信公眾號teacheray,我會定期發(fā)表文章為大家解答關(guān)于初中英語的重難點與學(xué)習(xí)方法,,供大家參考,,期待對大家有所幫助。 |
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