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CentOS7安裝Oracle 11gR2 圖文詳解

 君臨天下129 2016-05-30

最近要運維一個項目,,準備在家辦公,公司無遠程作業(yè)環(huán)境,,個人本本不喜歡別人碰,,第一次在CentOS上安裝,,本案留以后使用,,畢竟不是經(jīng)常安裝。

注:Oracle11gR2 X64安裝

一,、環(huán)境準備

安裝包:

1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe
2.CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
3.linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

以上覺得不是重點,,不給下載地址,不描述安裝過程,,安裝完CentOS 7,,截圖如下:

 

第一次安裝防坑,沒有進行任何操作之前,,先在VMware中創(chuàng)建該虛擬機快照,,后期搞郁悶了,,可以回歸到該快照版本。特么還是不放心,,又把該虛擬機完整克隆一份(強迫癥),。

二、安裝Oracle前準備

1.創(chuàng)建運行oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的系統(tǒng)用戶和用戶組

[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root  #切換到root
Password: 
[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd oinstall  #創(chuàng)建用戶組oinstall
[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd dba  #創(chuàng)建用戶組dba
[root@localhost sonny]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle  #創(chuàng)建oracle用戶,,并加入到oinstall和dba用戶組
[root@localhost sonny]# passwd oracle  #設置用戶oracle的登陸密碼,,不設置密碼,在CentOS的圖形登陸界面沒法登陸
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:   # 密碼
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:   # 確認密碼
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost sonny]# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用戶
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)
[root@localhost sonny]# 

為啥要創(chuàng)建oinstall用戶組及dba組,? 參考:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13

理論上單例按照需要3種用戶組,,實際只建兩個oinstall和dba,后面再安裝oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的時候把OSOPER組也設置是dba組,。

a.oracle 清單組(一般為oinstall):
 OINSTALL 組的成員被視為 Oracle 軟件的“所有者”,,擁有對 Oracle 中央清單 (oraInventory) 的寫入權限。在一個 Linux 系統(tǒng)上首次安裝 Oracle 軟件時,,
OUI 會創(chuàng)建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件,。該文件指定 Oracle 清單組的名稱(默認為 oinstall)以及 Oracle 中央清單目錄的路徑。 b.數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員(OSDBA,,一般為 dba): OSDBA 組的成員可通過操作系統(tǒng)身份驗證使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份連接到一個 Oracle 實例,。該組的成員可執(zhí)行關鍵的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理任務,如創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫,、啟動和關
閉實例,。該組的默認名稱為dba。SYSDBA 系統(tǒng)權限甚至在數(shù)據(jù)庫未打開時也允許訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫實例,。對此權限的控制完全超出了數(shù)據(jù)庫本身的范圍,。不要混淆 SYSDBA
系統(tǒng)權限與數(shù)據(jù)庫角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系統(tǒng)權限,。 c.數(shù)據(jù)庫操作員組(OSOPER,,一般為 oper): OSOPER 組的成員可通過操作系統(tǒng)身份驗證使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份連接到一個 Oracle 實例。這個可選組的成員擁有一組有限的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理權限,,如管理和運行備份,。
該組的默認名稱為oper。SYSOPER 系統(tǒng)權限甚至在數(shù)據(jù)庫未打開時也允許訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫實例,。對此權限的控制完全超出了數(shù)據(jù)庫本身的范圍,。要使用該組,選擇 Advanced 安裝類型來安裝 Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件,。 

2.創(chuàng)建oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝目錄

[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle  #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝目錄
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory  #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/database  #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件包解壓目錄
[root@localhost sonny]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# ls  #創(chuàng)建完畢檢查一下(強迫癥)
database  oracle  oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle  #設置目錄所有者為oinstall用戶組的oracle用戶
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhost data]#  

3.修改OS系統(tǒng)標識

 oracle默認不支持CentOS系統(tǒng)安裝,,Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS要求參考: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106

 我安裝是64位數(shù)據(jù)庫,On Linux x86-64:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7  (RHEL 7)

 另外,CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2  參考:http://www./Linux/2015-12/126283.htm

 修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release 

[sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version 
Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release  
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
redhat-7 
[root@localhost data]#  

4.安裝oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫所需要的軟件包

重復一遍,,我安裝時Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64位數(shù)據(jù)庫,。

Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下:(參考:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG

操作系統(tǒng):Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64 

 老實人,第一次搞,,一個一個的安裝,命令也很簡單,,反正文檔要求高版本也可以:

[sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost data]# yum install binutils
省略...

5.關閉防火墻 CentOS 7.2默認使用的是firewall作為防火墻

[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service  #查看防火墻狀態(tài),運行中
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
 Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─802 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service  #關閉防火墻
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service  #再次查看防火墻狀態(tài),,發(fā)現(xiàn)已關閉
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
 Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service  #禁止使用防火墻(重啟也是禁止的)
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]# 

 防火墻先禁用,,搞好之后再配置,個人虛擬機,,要毛線防火墻~~

6.關閉selinux(需重啟生效)

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled   #此處修改為disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 


[root@localhost /]# 

為啥要關閉selinux,?因為selinux太高深,非專業(yè)人士搞不懂~~

7.修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)

紅色部分為添加代碼

[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf
cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf 
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #設置最大打開文件數(shù)
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內(nèi)存的總量,,8G內(nèi)存設置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
[root@localhost /]# 

使配置參數(shù)生效

[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max = 6815744 #設置最大打開文件數(shù)
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內(nèi)存的總量,,8G內(nèi)存設置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost /]#  

8.對oracle用戶設置限制,提高軟件運行性能(紅色為添加部分)

[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain>        <type>  <item>  <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
#        - a user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit (KB)
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>
#

#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

# End of file
[root@localhost /]#  

9.配置用戶的環(huán)境變量(紅色部分為添加代碼)

[root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝目錄
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫路徑
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫實例名
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安裝
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量
export LANG=C #防止安裝過程出現(xiàn)亂碼
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK  #設置Oracle客戶端字符集,,必須與Oracle安裝時設置的字符集保持一致,,如:ZHS16GBK,否則出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)導入導出中文亂碼問題
[root@localhost /]#  

使上述配置立即生效:

[oracle@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]# 

10.上述都搞定了,,上傳安裝包我喜歡xftp,,將oracle安裝包上傳到/usr/local/src

11.解壓安裝包

[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src  #進入/usr/local/src目錄
[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/  #解壓
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/  #解壓
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
[root@localhost src]#  

三、oracle安裝 

1.圖形界面登陸oracle用戶:

2.啟動oralce安裝,,到/data/database/database/目錄下,,執(zhí)行runInstaller

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.去掉勾,懶得填,,個人使用環(huán)境不需要自動接收Oracle的安全更新,。

4.下一步,只安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件,,個人用不要那些玩意~~

更多詳情見請繼續(xù)閱讀下一頁的精彩內(nèi)容http://www./Linux/2016-04/130559p2.htm

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