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手機(jī)網(wǎng)站前端設(shè)計(jì)

 小小小舟 2014-10-10

通用Meta定義

1. <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0;" >

(1)強(qiáng)制讓文檔與設(shè)備的寬度保持1:1,;

(2)文檔最大的寬度比列是1.0(initial-scale初始刻度值和maximum-scale最大刻度值);

(3)user-scalable定義是否可縮放(0為不縮放),使頁(yè)面固定設(shè)備上面的大小,。

下圖分別是沒有定義viewport和定義viewport在手機(jī)上顯示的hello world網(wǎng)頁(yè),。

 

注意:實(shí)際測(cè)試中發(fā)現(xiàn),HTC G7自身系統(tǒng)瀏覽器不支持這一條規(guī)則,,能夠?qū)?yè)面進(jìn)行放大,,一旦放大響應(yīng)的box也隨之放大,導(dǎo)致俄頁(yè)面出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)亂問題,,解決方法:定義頁(yè)面的最小寬度 min-width,,body{min-width: 300px;}

2. <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/>

使設(shè)備瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)時(shí)對(duì)數(shù)字不啟用電話功能(不同設(shè)備解釋不同,itouch點(diǎn)擊數(shù)字為存入聯(lián)系人,,iphone為撥打電話),忽略將頁(yè)面中的數(shù)字識(shí)別為電話號(hào)碼,。

若需要啟用電話功能將telephone=yes即可,,具體調(diào)用格式可以這樣書寫代碼<a href=”13888888888”>Call Me</a>,若在頁(yè)面上面有g(shù)oogle maps, iTunes和youtube的鏈接會(huì)在ios設(shè)備上打開相應(yīng)的程序組件,。

HTML5標(biāo)簽的使用

HTML5中增加了很多標(biāo)簽,,例如:header、nav,、footer等,,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更豐富的WEB應(yīng)用程序體驗(yàn),并且可以減少開發(fā)者的工作量,。

目前,,手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)和瀏覽器對(duì)HTML5的支持還不是非常完善,在使用的時(shí)候需要仔細(xì)測(cè)試,。

在手機(jī)版合同信息錄入系統(tǒng)中,,用到了<input type=”tel”>,該標(biāo)簽與text輸入域差不多,但是在給該輸入域輸入內(nèi)容時(shí),,手機(jī)鍵盤為電話號(hào)碼鍵盤,,如下圖所示。

 

利用CSS3邊框背景屬性

CSS3中增加了許多新的特性,,例如:圓角邊框,、文字投影等等。目前各個(gè)主流瀏覽器對(duì)CSS3屬性的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式不太一樣,,這就需要用到各種瀏覽器的前綴,。比較常用的有:

-webkit-border-image    適用于webkit內(nèi)核的瀏覽器  safari  google

-moz-border-image       適用于mozilla瀏覽器 firefox

如下圖所示,是iphone上比較常用的web app樣式,。該網(wǎng)頁(yè)完全使用CSS3實(shí)現(xiàn),,并未使用任何圖片。

 

HTML

<body>     

   <header>

        <div class="button bordered back">

        <span class="pointer"></span>

        <span>Back</span>

    </div>

        <h1>主菜單</h1>

   </header>

</body>

CSS

<style type="text/css">

           html, body {

                  padding: 0px;

                  margin: 0px;

                  width: 100%

                  height: 100%;

           }

           body {

                  background: #cbd2d8;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top,

                                from(#c5ccd4),

                                color-stop(0.75, #c5ccd4),

                                color-stop(0.75, transparent),

                                to(transparent));

                  -webkit-background-size: 5px 100%;

                  background-size: 5px 100%;

                  font: normal 16px/22px Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif;

                  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;

           }

           header { display: block; }

          

           header, .button {

                  -webkit-touch-callout: none;

              -webkit-user-select: none;

           }

           header {

                  position: relative;

                  width: 100%;

                  display: -webkit-box;

                  -webkit-box-orient: horizontal;

                  -webkit-box-pack:justify;

                  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;

                  height: 45px;

                  padding: 6px 10px;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,

                                from(#b2bbca),

                                color-stop(0.25, #a7b0c3),

                                color-stop(0.5, #909cb3),

                                color-stop(0.5, #8593ac),

                                color-stop(0.75, #7c8ba5),

                                to(#73839f));

                  border-top: 1px solid #cdd5df;

                  border-bottom: 1px solid #2d3642;

           }

           header > h1 {

                  -webkit-box-flex: 1;

                  text-align: center;

                  margin: 0px;

                  font: bold 20px/32px  Helvetica, Sans-serif;

                  letter-spacing: -1px;

                       text-shadow: 0px -1px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);

                       color: #fff;

                }           

           /* Bordered Button Styles */

           .button.bordered {

                  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #9aa5bb, 0 -1px 1px #8e96a5;

                  border: solid 1px #54617d;

                  border-color: #484e59 #54617d #4c5c7a #54617d;

                  display: inline-block;

                  cursor: pointer;

                  padding: 0px 10px;

                  font-size: 12px;

                  line-height: 28px;

                  height: 30px;

                  margin-top: 1px;

                  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;

                  -webkit-border-radius: 5px;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,

                                from(#92a1bf),

                                color-stop(0.25, #798aad),

                                color-stop(0.5, #6276a0),

                                color-stop(0.5, #556a97),

                                color-stop(0.75, #566c98),

                                to(#546993));

                  color: #fff;

                  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;

                  -webkit-user-select: none;

           }

          

           .button.bordered:hover, .button.bordered.hover {

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,

                                from(#7d88a5),

                                color-stop(0.25, #58698c),

                                color-stop(0.5, #3a4e78),

                                color-stop(0.5, #253c6a),

                                color-stop(0.75, #273f6d),

                                to(#273f6d));

                  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;

           }

           /* End Bordered Button Styles */

           /* Back Bordered Button Styles */

           .button.bordered.back {

                  padding: 0px 10px 0px 3px;

                  margin-left: 10px;

                  position: relative;

           }

           .button.bordered.back > span {

                  position: relative;

                  z-index: 1;

           }

           .button.bordered.back > span.pointer {

                  z-index: 0;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right bottom,

                                from(#92a1bf),

                                color-stop(0.3, #798aad),

                                color-stop(0.51, #6276a0),

                                color-stop(0.51, #556a97),

                                color-stop(0.75, #566c98),

                                to(#546993));

                  border-left: solid 1px #484e59;

                  border-bottom: solid 1px #9aa5bb;

                  -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 5px;

                  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;

                  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 4px;

                  height: 23.5px;

                  width: 23.5px;

                  display: inline-block;

                  -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);

                  -webkit-mask-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, right top,

                                from(#000000),

                                color-stop(0.5,#000000),

                                color-stop(0.5, transparent),

                                to(transparent));

                  position: absolute;

                  left: -9px;

                  top: 2.5px;

                  -webkit-background-clip: content;

           }

           .button.bordered.back:hover > span.pointer, .button.back.hover > span.pointer {

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right bottom,

                                from(#7d88a5),

                                color-stop(0.3, #58698c),

                                color-stop(0.51, #3a4e78),

                                color-stop(0.51, #253c6a),

                                color-stop(0.75, #273f6d),

                                to(#273f6d));

           }

           /* End Back Bordered Button Styles */

           header > .button {

                  position: absolute;

                  right: 10px;

           }

           header > .button.back {

                  right: auto;

                  left: 10px;

           }                         

    </style>

塊級(jí)化a標(biāo)簽

請(qǐng)保證將每條數(shù)據(jù)都放在一個(gè)a標(biāo)簽中,,為何這樣做,?因?yàn)樵谟|控手機(jī)上,為提升用戶體驗(yàn),,盡可能的保證用戶的可點(diǎn)擊區(qū)域較大,。

在觸控手機(jī)上,,為提升用戶體驗(yàn),應(yīng)盡可能保證用戶的可點(diǎn)擊區(qū)域較大,。因此,,盡量將每條數(shù)據(jù)都放在一個(gè)a標(biāo)簽中。如下圖所示,,每個(gè)酒店的信息都放在一個(gè)a標(biāo)簽中,,便于用戶點(diǎn)擊。

 

自適應(yīng)布局模式

在編寫CSS時(shí),,盡量不要把容器(不管是外層容器還是內(nèi)層)的寬度定死,。為達(dá)到適配各種手持設(shè)備,應(yīng)使用自適應(yīng)布局模式,,這樣做可以讓你的頁(yè)面在ipad,、itouch、ipod,、iphone,、android、web safarik,、chrome都能夠正常的顯示,,無(wú)需再次考慮設(shè)備的分辨率。

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