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1.在英語(yǔ)中,，do, have, make, take這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞,，加上名詞作賓語(yǔ)（名詞前可有形容詞）構(gòu)成詞組，可以表達(dá)許多不同含義,，其意義相當(dāng)于在名詞前加上一個(gè)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞,，現(xiàn)分述如下： (1)do+名詞e.g. Mary has done (=has written) an article. 瑪麗寫(xiě)了一篇文章。 He will do(=draw) a large portrait of Ren Changxia.他要為任長(zhǎng)霞畫(huà)一幅大畫(huà)像,。 do computer study=study computer do the room=clean the room do the dishes=wash the dishes do one’s hair=comb one’s hair do one’s teeth=brush one’s teeth do the fish=cook the fish do the puzzle=work out the puzzle do science=study science do a comedy=act a comedy do a concert=hear a concert do the tower=visit the tower do Japan=visit Japan do 20 miles=travel 20 miles do one’s guests well=serve one’s guests well 有時(shí)賓語(yǔ)也可用doing,并在doing前加some,。 do some reading=read some books, read some pages do some studying=study something do some walking=walk for some time 還有do most of the talking, do some morning shopping等。 (2)have+名詞 e.g. We had a long talk(=talked for a long time) last Sunday. 上星期天我們進(jìn)行了一次長(zhǎng)談,。 They’re having a rest(=resting). 他們?cè)谛菹ⅰ?br>此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的還有：have a chat, have a look at…,have a drink, have an interview, have a smoke, have a fight, have a bath, have a dream 名詞前可有修飾成分,，如have no respect, have no wish, have some good laughs, have one more try等。 有時(shí)意義上等于在名詞前加上一個(gè)相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞,，如： have a lesson (class)上一節(jié)課 have an X-ray進(jìn)行X光檢查 have a great success取得很大成功 have a small accident出了小事故 have a headache(a flu, cold)得頭疼?。鞲校忻埃?br>have a baby生孩子 have one’s advice聽(tīng)從某人的建議 have a telegram收到一封電報(bào) have an answer有了答案 (3)make+名詞（相當(dāng)于名詞的動(dòng)詞含義） e.g. The police made an examination in her room. 警察檢查了她的房間,。 The teacher made a clear explanation. 老師清楚地作了解釋,。 We made a comparison of the two articles. 我們把這兩篇文章作了比較。 make an attempt=attempt make a suggest=suggest 還有make a visit參觀,，make a long stay住了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,，make another start又重新開(kāi)始了，make preparations作準(zhǔn)備,，make arrangements作安排,，make decisions作決定，make a choice作選擇,，make a map畫(huà)一張地圖,，make tea沏茶，make an expression留下印象 （4）take+名詞（相當(dāng)于名詞相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞） e.g. He took a look at(=look at) this book. 他看了一下這本書(shū),。 I want to take a nap(=nap). 我想午休一會(huì)兒,。 這類(lèi)詞組還有： take a bath 洗澡 take a walk散步 take exercise進(jìn)行鍛煉 take an action采取行動(dòng)（轉(zhuǎn)載自第一范文網(wǎng)http://www.diyifanwen.com，請(qǐng)保留此標(biāo)記,。） take an examination進(jìn)行考試,，進(jìn)行檢查 take a trip旅行 take a vacation度假 相當(dāng)于“吃，喝,，吸（入）”,，如： take the food, take pills, take medicine, take tea (coffee),take a glass of beer, take sugar, take a breath of fresh air,還有：take a taxi(bus, train…)坐出租車(chē)（公共汽車(chē),，火車(chē)……） take a room要一個(gè)房間，租用一個(gè)房間 take one’s advice接受……的建議 take a job承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)工作 take one’s degree接受……學(xué)位 take chemistry選學(xué)化學(xué) 2.with的一種用法 with之后可以加一個(gè)抽象名詞,，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ),，作用相當(dāng)于這一名詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的副詞。 e.g. He looked at her with respect(=respectfully). 他恭敬地看著她,。 She told Tom the story with a smile(=smilingly). 她微笑著給湯姆講了個(gè)故事,。 He accepted the invitation with pleasure(=pleasurably). 他愉快地接受了邀請(qǐng)。 這類(lèi)詞組常見(jiàn)的還有： with calmness=calmly冷靜地 with curiosity=curiously好奇地 with surprise=surprisingly驚奇地 with ease=easily輕易地 with difficulty 艱難地 with amazement驚奇地 with sympathy同情地 with disapproval不滿(mǎn)地 with fear害怕地 with delight (joy)高興地 with envy妒忌地 with anger生氣地 with efficiency有效地 with one accord voice異口同聲地 with tears in one’s eyes含淚地 in+名詞也可以這樣用,。例如： “How did you come here?”He asked in surprise(=surprisingly).“你是怎么到這兒的,？”他驚奇地問(wèn)。 Jack shut his eyes in fear(fearfully). 杰克害怕得閉上了眼睛,。 His sister stared at him in amazement(=amazingly). 他的妹妹驚奇地看著他,。 He came home in high cheerfulness(=cheerfully). 他興高采烈地回了家。 常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞組還有： in terror害怕地 in astonishment驚奇地 in anxiety焦急地 in amazement驚奇地 in confusion大惑不解地 in alarm驚慌地 in curiosity好奇地 in great happiness非常愉快地 in a hurry急忙地 in a low voice低聲地 in hatred and despair滿(mǎn)懷仇恨和絕望地 in earnest 認(rèn)真地 Ⅲ.同義詞語(yǔ)辨析
1.murder, kill, massacre (1)murder是“謀殺,，殺害”的意思,。英語(yǔ)意思是to kill unlawfully, especially on purpose,。 e.g. The bandits murdered the man for his money. 歹徒為了謀取他的錢(qián)而殺害了他,。 Every two hours someone was murdered. 每?jī)蓚€(gè)小時(shí)就有一人被謀殺。 (2)kill用于因兇器或在非常事故中死亡的場(chǎng)合,。英語(yǔ)的意思是cause to die,。 e.g. His father was killed in a railway accident. 他父親在一次火車(chē)事故中身亡。 Only a few people were killed in the earthquake. 地震中只有少數(shù)人死亡,。 He killed him with a spear. 他用矛刺死了他,。 kill還可作“使……難受之極，使……極其尷尬,，使失去,，消磨（時(shí)間）”解。 e.g. My back killed me. 我的背非常難受,。 It killed him to admit he is wrong. 承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了使他感到極為尷尬,。 The joy killed the audience. 這個(gè)玩笑讓觀眾笑得要死。 The train was late, so we killed time by playing cards. 火車(chē)晚點(diǎn)了,，我們就打牌消磨時(shí)間,。 （3）massacre“大屠殺”，英語(yǔ)意思是to kill a number of people without mercy,。 e.g. When the soldiers captured the town, they massacred all the inhabitants. 當(dāng)敵兵占領(lǐng)這座城市后,，他們屠殺了城里的所有居民。 另外,，表示“為……而獻(xiàn)出生命”的同義詞組有： devote one’s life to… dedicate one’s life to… give one’s life for… lay down one’s life for… lose one’s life for… 另外還有一些詞組可以用來(lái)表示“死”,，但此用法較委婉： (sb.) pass away; one’s heart stop beating forever; (sb.) sleep peacefully; those who have fallen; (sth.) cost sb. his life; sb.is dead and gone; (sb.) be in heaven for some time 2.ask for, require, demand (1)ask for指要求得到具體的物質(zhì)的東西,，普通用詞。也可用ask sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,，語(yǔ)氣較客氣,。 e.g. He asked for some money. 他讓了一些錢(qián)。 He asked his mother to wake him at six in the morning. 他讓他母親早上六點(diǎn)叫醒他,。 I asked that I (should be) was allowed to see her. 我請(qǐng)求允許我看望她,。 (2)require“要求，有必要”,語(yǔ)氣不如demand強(qiáng),，一般強(qiáng)調(diào)從需要,、規(guī)章、慣例出發(fā),，要求別人做某事,，含有客觀上必要的，缺此不可的性質(zhì),。 e.g. He has done all that was required of him. 凡需要他做的他都做了,。 How many days will be required to finish this work? 完成這項(xiàng)工作需要多少天？ (3)demand“要求,，需要”,指堅(jiān)持要得到某物或堅(jiān)持要做某事,，用于人時(shí)，通常表示提出要求的一方認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)這樣做,，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)烈,，有時(shí)帶有強(qiáng)制的意味；用于物時(shí),，指一般的“需要”,，這時(shí)可和require, want, need等詞互換。 e.g. The Iraqi people demanded that the USA soldiers should get out of Iraq. 伊拉克人要求美國(guó)兵從伊拉克撤退,。 All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights. 整個(gè)一生他都認(rèn)為如果人民沒(méi)有權(quán)利的話,，要求社會(huì)變革是正確的，而且是必要的,。 The work demands(=requires, wants, needs, etc,) great skill. 這個(gè)工作需要熟練的技巧,。 Ⅳ.能力訓(xùn)練 1.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 他們把黑人作為奴隸對(duì)待。 （1）They ______ blacks as slaves. （2）They ______ blacks as slaves. （3）They ______ blacks as slaves. （4）They ______ blacks as slaves. （5）They ______ ______blacks as slaves. （6）They ______ blacks as slaves. （7）They ______ blacks ______ ______ slaves. 答案：(1)treated (2)took (3)regarded (4)had (5)looked on (6)considered (7)considered; to be |
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來(lái)自： 許愿真 > 《高考英語(yǔ)詞典》
