一、a與an的用法區(qū)別 a用于輔音前,;an用于元音前,。一般說來,元音字母發(fā)元音,,輔音字母發(fā)輔音,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(1)Have you ever seen ______ tree as tall as this one? (1985全國) A. a B. such C. an D. / 解析:表示一類事物中的任一個(gè)用不定冠詞,又因tree以輔音[t]開頭(也是以輔音字母開頭)用a,。句意是:“你曾見過與這棵樹一樣高的樹嗎,?”答案是A。 但需請(qǐng)注意以下3點(diǎn): (1) 拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞 hour, honest, honor等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母h開頭,,但其讀音卻以元音開頭,,因此,前面要用an,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(2)I have been waiting for him for ______hour and a half. (1980全國) A. the B. a C. an D. whole 解析:表示數(shù)量“一”用不定冠詞,,又因hour以元音開頭,故用an,。答案是C,。 (2) 拼寫以元音字母開頭讀音卻以輔音開頭的單詞 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭,但其讀音卻以元音開頭,,因此,,前面要用a。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(3)Five years ago her brother was _____university student of _____physics. (1990上海) A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; / 解析:因?yàn)閡niversity是以輔音[j]開頭的要用a,,排除B和C,;physics是學(xué)科名詞,前面不用冠詞,。答案是D,。 (3) 英文字母前用a還是用an的問題 在26個(gè)英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12個(gè)字母的讀音是以元音開頭的,,其余字母的讀音則是以輔音開頭的,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(4)Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _____”m” here. (1989上海) A. an B. the C. / D. a 解析:因?yàn)樽帜竚的發(fā)音是以元音[e]開頭的,所以用an;這里的an的意義與one相當(dāng),,表示“一個(gè)”,。答案是A。 二,、不定冠詞的主要用法 1. 不定冠詞用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,,表示泛指某類人或事物中的一個(gè),意為“一個(gè)/位/座/項(xiàng)/段/次……”,。a用在輔音前,,而an用在元音前。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(5)-Have you seen ______pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it ______black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (1997全國) A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 解析:兩空都指一類事物中的一個(gè),,句意分別是“你看到過一支鋼筆嗎,?”“是一支黑色的鋼筆嗎?”答案是D,。 (6)—Where is my blue shirt? —It's in the washing machine. You have to wear ______different one. (2003春) A. any B. the C. a D. other 解析:表示不得不穿另一件襯衣,,故用不定冠詞。答案是C,。 (7)An accident happened at ______crossroads a few metres away from ______bank. (2003上海) A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; / 解析:句子大意是:“在離某個(gè)銀行幾米遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)交*路口發(fā)生了一起事故,。”注意bank和crossroads都是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,。答案是A,。 (8)The Wilsons live in _____A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____17th century cottage. (2004浙江) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 解析:兩者都是指某類事物中的一個(gè)。句意是:威爾遜一家住在海岸附近的一座A形的房子里,;那是一座17世紀(jì)時(shí)建的別墅,。答案是D。 (9)There was _____time _____I hated to go to school. (2004湖北) A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when 解析:前者指“一段時(shí)間”用a time,;后者是定語從句,,代表先行詞并在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,用when引導(dǎo),。答案是B,。 (10)In ______ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of ______heart disease by 76%. (2006湖南) A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a 解析:表示“一項(xiàng)調(diào)查”,用不定冠詞a,;heart disease前通常不用冠詞,。答案是C。 2. 表示“(數(shù)量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(11)I earn 10 dollars ______hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海) A. a ; an B. the ; a C. an; a D. an; the 解析:前者表示“每一(小時(shí))”用不定冠詞,,又因hour以元音開頭,用an,;后者是在表示職業(yè)身份的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,,用不定冠詞a。答案是C,。 (12)There's ______ dictionary on ______ desk by your side. (2003京春) A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 解析:前者表示“有一本詞典”用a,;后者是特指“你旁邊的那張桌子”用the。答案是A,。 (13)For a long time they walked without saying _____word. Jim was the first to break _____silence. (2004湖南) A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 解析:without saying a word(沒有說一句話)中的a表示數(shù)量“一”,。the silence是特指前面提到的這種沉默。答案是B,。 (14)Mrs. Tailor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting -she has won two national prizes. (2005浙江) A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a 解析:前空表示數(shù)量一用不定冠詞,,因8的讀音是以元音開頭的,用an,;后空have a gift for (有……天賦)是固定搭配,。答案是C。 3. 用于作表語或作as的賓語的職業(yè)或身份的名詞前,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(15)When he left _____college, he got a job as _____reporter in a newspaper office. (2004天津) A. 不填,;a B. 不填;the C. a ; the D. the ; the 解析:leave college意為“大學(xué)畢業(yè)”,;在as后表示職業(yè)或身份的單數(shù)名詞前通常要用不定冠詞,。答案是A。 三,、定冠詞的主要用法 1. 定冠詞the的基本用法,,即表示特指,相當(dāng)于this(這), that(那), these(這些), those(那些),。包括指上文提到過的人或事物,,或者雙方都知道的人或事物。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(16)If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ______. (2004四川) A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices 解析:price特指雙方都知道的某個(gè)價(jià)格,。句意是:如果你買10個(gè)以上,,他們會(huì)從那個(gè)價(jià)錢中減掉20便士。答案是C,。 (17)_____on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _____major concern of the country. (2004北京) A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An; 不填 解析:因?yàn)閐ivision后有介詞短語between…and…的限制,,這是特指的,所以要用the,;又因?yàn)閏oncern作“所關(guān)切的事”解是可數(shù)名詞,,表示“這個(gè)國家所關(guān)切的一件大事”,所以前面要用不定冠詞,。答案是B,。 (18)On ______ news today, there were ______ reports of heavy snow in that area. (2004春) A. the; the B. the;不填 C.不填,;不填 D. 不填,;the 解析:前者是特指今天的消息,,用the,排除選項(xiàng)C和D,;在there be結(jié)構(gòu)后的名詞前通常不用the,。答案是B。 (19)If you grow up in _____ large family, you are more likely to develop _____ ability to get on well with ______ others. (2005江西) A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the 解析:第一空是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指用不定冠詞a,;第二空后的不定式作定語表示特指用the,;第三空是復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指,不用冠詞,。答案是B,。 (20)—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. —You shouldn’t put drinks near ________ computer. (2006北京) A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 解析:前者是特指談話雙方心里都知道的鍵盤,用the,;后者是泛指任何一臺(tái)電腦,,用a。答案是B,。 (21)Don’t worry if you can’t come to ______ party. ——I’ll save ______ cake for you. (2006浙江) A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; little 解析:前面的party是特指雙方心目中都知道的那個(gè)晚會(huì),,用the,排除B和D,;因在肯定句中,,用而不用,排除C,。答案是A,。 2. 用于“the+比較級(jí)”表示“兩者中較……的”那一個(gè)人或事物。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(22)Which is _____country, Canada or Australia? (1992全國) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger 解析:表示“(兩個(gè)國家中)較大的那一個(gè)國家”,,用the,,答案是D。注意若去掉句中的country,,則應(yīng)選B,。 (23)If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ____. (1995上海) A. good B. the best C. better D. the better 解析:表示“(在這兩者人中)John是較好的那一個(gè)”,用the better,,答案是D,。 (24)Of the two sisters, Betty is ______ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽) A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 解析:表示“兩姐妹中較的年青的那一個(gè)”,在比較級(jí)前加the,。答案是C,。 3. 用于介詞短語中的方位名詞前。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(25)Summer in _____south of France is for ______most part dry and sunny. (2000京春) A. /, a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the 解析:在帶介詞的方位名詞前用the,;for the most part (多半,,大部分時(shí)間)是固定詞組,答案是D,。但在沒有介詞的方位名詞前,,不用冠詞,。如: We stood at the top of the mountain _____east of the city, watching _____burning sun rising. A. 不填;a B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填,;the 解析:east of前沒有介詞,,不用the;sun前一般用the,,但有形容詞修飾時(shí),用a表示“一個(gè)……樣的太陽”,。答案是A,。 4. 用于最高級(jí)形容詞或副詞前。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(26)-Where’s ______nearest bookstore? -There’s one at _____ end of the street. (2000上海春) A. the; an B. a; the C. the; the D. a; an 解析:前者是最高級(jí)形容詞前用the,;后者at the end of(在……的盡頭或末尾)是固定詞組,。答案是C。 (27)Of all ______reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was ______ most important one. (2006遼寧) A. the; a B. 不填,;a C. 不填; the D. the; the 解析:前者是表示特指,,用the;由前面的of all…表示范圍,,可知后者是最高級(jí),,也用the。答案是D,。 5. 用于play后的西洋樂器名詞前,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(28)Alice is fond of playing ______piano while Henry is intersted in listening to ______music. (1989全國) A. (不填);the B. (不填); (不填) C. the; (不填) D. the; the 解析:前者是play后西洋樂器名詞piano前習(xí)慣上用the;抽像名詞music是不可數(shù)名詞,,不是特指時(shí)不用冠詞,。答案是C。 (29)After watching _____TV, she played ______violin for an hour. (1991全國) A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the 解析:play(彈,,演奏)后接的西洋樂器violin前要用the,;watch TV是習(xí)慣說法,不用冠詞,。答案是D,。 注意:在象erhu(二胡)之類的漢語拼音的中國民樂名稱前,就不用冠詞,。 6. 用于“the +逢十的復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞”前表示年代,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(30)It is not rare in _____that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education. (1999上海) A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 解析:表示在幾十年代,用“the+逢十的復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞”,,排除選項(xiàng)A和C,;表示在某人幾十多歲時(shí),用“one’s+逢十的復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞”,。答案是D,。 7. 用于“the+比較級(jí),,the+比較級(jí)”(越……就越……)句型中。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(31)It is believed that _____ you work, _____result you'll get. (1993上海) A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the most better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better 解析:由句式“the+比較級(jí),,the+比較級(jí)”可判斷答案是A,。 8. 用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等結(jié)構(gòu)中表示計(jì)量單位,意為“按/以……(賣/租/付款)”,,常與buy, sell, rent, charge等動(dòng)詞連用,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(32)As a rule, the workers are paid ______.(2004上海春) A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours 解析:表示工人的工資“按小時(shí)付”用by the hour。答案是A,。 注意:在by weight(按重量)中不用the,。 9. 用于“動(dòng)詞+人+介詞+the+人體部位或衣著”中:用于該句型的動(dòng)詞常常是表示“打、抓,、牽,、拉、拍,、踢”等之類的動(dòng)詞,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(33)A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____ leg. (2001上海) A. a B. one C. the D. his 解析:表示一棵子彈打在這個(gè)士兵的腿上,表示人體部位的名詞前用the,。答案是C,。 四、零冠詞的主要用法(即不用冠詞的情況) 1. 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指和不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(34)Beyond ______stars, the astronaut saw nothing but ______space. (1990全國) A. the; (不填) B. (不填); the C. (不填); (不填) D. the; the 解析:前者是特指用the,,后者space作“太空”講是不可數(shù)名詞,不用冠詞,。答案是A,。 (35)Most animals little connection with ______animals of ______different kind unless they kill them for food. (2000全國) A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the 解析:前者是復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指不用冠詞,后者的kind是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a,;也可看作是a kind of animals(另一種不同的動(dòng)物),。答案是B。 (36)Mr. Smith, there's a man at_____ front door who says he has _____news for you of great importance. (2001京春) A. the, 不填 B. the, the C. 不填, 不填 D. 不填, the 解析:news是不可數(shù)名詞,,只是說“他有重要的消息要告訴你”但并不知究竟是什么消息,,不用冠詞;指雙方都知道的前門前用the,。答案是A,。 (37)I don’t like talking on ______telephone; I prefer writing ______letters. (2002春) A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填 解析:前者on the telephone是習(xí)語;后者letters是復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指,,不用冠詞,。答案是B。 (38)The sign reads "In case of ______fire, break the glass and push ______red button." (2003全國) A. 不填,;a B. 不填,;the C the; the D. a; a 解析:前者是泛指,,fire是不可數(shù)名詞,不用冠詞,;后者是特指貼這告示邊的那個(gè)紅色按鈕,,另外,從前面break the glass也可得到啟示,。答案是B,。 (39)Tom owns _____larger collection of _____books than any other student in our class. (2004江蘇) A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the 解析:books是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞泛指書這類東西,而非特指具體的什么書,,所以不用冠詞,;又因collection (收藏品) 是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,又不是特指,,所以用不定冠詞,。答案是B,。 (40)It is often said that _____teachers have _____very easy life. (2005北京) A.不填,;不填 B不填;a C. the; 不填 D. the; a 解析:第一空是名詞復(fù)表示泛指, teachers泛指老師這類人,,不用冠詞,;have /lead /live a … life(過著……樣的生活)是習(xí)慣說話。答案是B,。 (41)Everywhere man has cut down ______ forests in order to grow crops, or to use _____ wood as fuel or as building material. (2006重慶25) A. the; the B. the; / C. /,;the D. /;/ 解析:因forests是名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指,,不用冠詞,,排除選項(xiàng)A和B;而這里的wood是特指被砍伐后的“那些木材”,,故用定冠詞,,排除D。答案是C,。 2. 在as(雖然)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(42)_____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重慶) A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 解析:as作“雖然”解,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),,一般將表語或狀語提到句首,,當(dāng)作表語的名詞是單數(shù)名詞時(shí),通常省略不定冠詞,。答案是B,。 3. man(人,人類), word(消息)的前面不用冠詞,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(43)While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discovery which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of colour. (2004廣東) A. a…不填 B. a…the C. 不填…the D. the…a 解析:man作“人,,人類”解,,前面不加冠詞;受名詞所有格(man’s)修飾的名詞前(understanding),,也是不能用冠詞的,,所以第二空不用冠詞。make a discovery (作出發(fā)現(xiàn))是固定搭配,。答案是A,。 4. 學(xué)科名詞前不用冠詞。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(44)She is _____ newcomer to _____chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. (1994全國) A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; the 解析:作表語的身份名詞前一般用不定冠詞,,a newcomer表示一位新成員,;physics是學(xué)科名詞,前面一般不用冠詞,。答案是C,。 注:下列3種情況雖未曾考過,但仍需注意: (1)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類游戲名詞前不用冠詞,。如play football踢足球,。 (2)在某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。如: The teacher came in, book in hand. 老師進(jìn)來了,,手里拿著一本書,。 (3)在表示“變成”的turn后作表語的名詞不用冠詞。如: He will never turn traitor. 他絕不會(huì)成為叛徒,。 五,、三種冠詞表示類別時(shí)的用法比較 泛指一類人或事物時(shí),不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞,,可數(shù)名詞有下列三種情況: 1. “不定冠詞a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”:指某類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)或者某一個(gè),。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(45)Jumping out of ______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ______exciting experience. (2002全國) A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the 解析:前者指一類事物中的任一,即處于一萬英尺高的“任何一駕飛機(jī)”,,用不定冠詞,;后者指“一次令人激動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷”,也用不定冠詞,。答案是C,。 2. “定冠詞the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”:指某類事物的整體。多用于討論科技問題,,常與invent, become extinct (=die out)等動(dòng)詞連用,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(46)Alexander Graham Bell invented _____telephone in 1876. (MET91) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 解析:這是是指表示電話這類東西的整體類別,用the,。答案是C,。 3. “零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”:指具有某類人或事物特點(diǎn)的全體。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(47)Many people are still in ______habit of writing silly things in ______public places. (1993全國) A. the; the B. 不填;不填 C. the; 不填 D. 不填 ; the 解析:public places(公共場所)就是復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指,;第一空受of短語修飾表示特指,。答案是C。 六,、有關(guān)冠詞使用的疑難問題 1. 序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用問題:強(qiáng)調(diào)順序時(shí)用定冠詞,;當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序,而是表示在原來的基礎(chǔ)上增加,,即“又,,還,再”時(shí),,用不定冠詞,。如: 【真題再現(xiàn)】(48)The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____third one because _____second one is rather too small. (2002上海春) A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 解析:第一空表示“還,再”用不定冠詞,;第二空強(qiáng)調(diào)順序用定冠詞,。句意為:蛋糕很好吃,因?yàn)樗诙K太小了,,所以他想再吃一塊,。答案是C。 2. school, bed等前面冠詞的使用問題:像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名詞,,在指這些家具,、建筑或場所本身時(shí)用冠詞,,但若指它們所具有的作用或功能時(shí),,則不用冠詞,此時(shí)多用于go to或者be in/at之后,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(49)-Where is Jack? -I think he is still in_____ bed, but he might just be in _____ bathroom. (1992全國) A. 不填,;不填 B. the;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填,;the 解析:題中bed是指其用途,,即:be in bed在睡覺。第二空指雙方都知道的洗手間,。答案是D,。 (50)When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel; I can find you _____bed in my flat. (2004全國) A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 解析:題中bed不是指其用途,而是泛指“床”這類事物中的一個(gè),。hotel是特指這次住的那個(gè)旅館,。句意是:你下次來這里度假,就不要住那個(gè)旅館了,,我在我的公寓里幫你弄一張床,。答案是A。 (51)This book tells ______ life story of John Smith, who left _____ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. (2005遼寧) A. the; the B. a; the C. the;不填 D. a;不填 解析:因后面的of John Smith是特指,所以用定冠詞the,;leave school(畢業(yè))不用冠詞,。答案是C。 3. 專有名詞前的冠詞使用問題:一般不用冠詞,,如John, China等,。但以下幾種情況用冠詞: ①“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”:表示“某某夫婦”或“姓某的一家人”。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(52)_____will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993上海) A. The Evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. Evenses’ 解析:能在句中作主語,,應(yīng)當(dāng)是指Evens一家人或Evens夫婦,。 答案是C。 (53)—Who did you spend last weekend with? —______. (1998上海) A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s 解析:從句話可知應(yīng)當(dāng)回答的是who,,表示姓某的一家人或夫婦,,是“the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”。答案是C,。 ②“a(n)+人名”:表示“……式的人物”或“(有)一個(gè)名叫……的人”,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(54)I know _____ John Lennon, but not _____famous one. (2005山東) A. 不填;a B. a; the C. 不填,;the D. the; a 解析:前空表示“(有)一個(gè)叫……的人”用a,;后空表示特指,用the,。句意是:我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)叫John Lennon的人,,但不是那個(gè)著名的John Lennon。答案是B,。 (55)—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t ______Mr. Smith here. (2006全國I30) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 解析:由語境可知是“這里沒有一個(gè)叫史密斯先生的人,?!北硎尽耙粋€(gè)叫……的人”要用不定冠詞。答案是B。 ③由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前通常要加the,。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(56)The most important thing about cotton in history is _____part that it played in _____Industrial Revolution. (2004重慶) A. 不填,;不填 B. the,;不填 C. the; the D. a; the 解析:前者因?yàn)閜art后面有一個(gè)表示特指的限制性定語從句修飾,,用the;后者“工業(yè)革命”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,,要用the,。答案是C。 (57)On May 5, 2005, at _____World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men's doubles with _____ score of 4:1. (2005江蘇) A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a 解析:第一空是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,,前面要用the,;第二空是指以4比1這樣“一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)”,用不定冠詞a,。答案是D,。 (58)After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ______ ride to ______ Capital Airport. (2005安徽) A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. 不填; the 解析:因ride“一段車程”是可數(shù)名詞,前面用不定冠詞;第二空是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,,前面用the,。答案是B。 (59)According to ______World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent ______spread of AIDS. (2006陜西) A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the 解析:前者是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,,用the,,排除C和D;后者有表示限制性的of短語,,為特指,,也用the。答案是B,。 注:(1)表示特指時(shí)專有名詞前也可能用the,。如the Gorge of China (中國的高爾基),the China of the 1960s(20世紀(jì)60年代的中國),,the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那個(gè)史密斯),。(2)若是在“專有名詞(人名或地名)+普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專有名詞前不用冠詞,如Beijing University(北京大學(xué)), Yale University(耶魯大學(xué)),。 4. 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前冠詞的使用問題:一般不用冠詞,,但特指時(shí)要用the。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(60) In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by _____beauty of _____nature that he stayed for another night. (1991上海) A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 解析:beauty雖是抽象名詞(不可數(shù)),,但后有表示特指的of 短語,,用the;nature作“大自然,, 自然界”解是不可數(shù)名詞,,通常不用冠詞。答案是C,。 (61)I know you don’t like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全國II) A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the 解析:music是抽象名詞(不可數(shù)),,前者是泛指的,,不用冠詞,;后者是特指昨晚所看電影中的音樂,用the,。答案是D,。 注:下列兩種情況也用冠詞:(1)有的抽象名詞具體化后,前面要加不定冠詞,。如a surprise一件預(yù)料之外的事,,a pity /shame (一件令人遺憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一個(gè)成功的人),a pleasure(一件快樂的事),,a time(一段時(shí)間),。(2)不定冠詞可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一杯/罐/瓶”。如:I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要來杯茶。 5. 表示季節(jié),、月份,、星期的名詞前的冠詞使用問題:一般不用冠詞,但特指時(shí)用the,;表示在某一個(gè),,或者受形容詞修飾表示具有某種特點(diǎn)時(shí)可用a/an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天),,a hard winter(一個(gè)嚴(yán)寒的冬天),。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(62)I can't remember when exactly the Rohinsons left _____city. I only remember it was_____ Monday. (2005湖南) A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a 解析:前者是指說話雙方都知道的那個(gè)城市,是特指,,用the,;后者是指“某個(gè)”,用不定冠詞a,。答案是D,。 6. 獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前冠詞的使用問題:像world, earth, sun, moon, sky, universe等獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前通常不用冠詞,但前面有形容詞修飾,,表示“一個(gè)……的……”時(shí),,用不定冠詞。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(63)Wouldn't it be_____ wonderful world if all nations lived in _____ peace with one another? (1994全國) A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. the; the 解析:in peace(和平地,、友好地)是固定詞組,;world前有形容詞,用a表示“一個(gè)……的世界”,。答案是A,。 (64)It is _____world of wonders, _____world where anything can happen. (2004福建) A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. /, / 解析:題中兩個(gè)world都有定語修飾,后者是前者的同位語,,所以兩個(gè)都用不定冠詞,。句意是:這是一個(gè)奇妙的世界,一個(gè)什么事都有可能發(fā)生的世界,。答案是B,。 注意:下列幾種況雖然未曾考過,但也要注意: (1)含有day的節(jié)日前一般不用冠詞,,如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等,;但僅中國才有的傳習(xí)統(tǒng)節(jié)日名稱前常用the,如the Spring Festival(春節(jié)), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋節(jié)),。 (2)有后置定語的名詞是特指某人或某物時(shí),,用the;但若指一類事物時(shí)用a/an,。如I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive. (我想買一件價(jià)格不貴但又有用的那樣一類禮物,。) (3)兩個(gè)并列名詞指同一人,、同一物或同一概念時(shí),第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞,,如a teacher and writer(一位教師兼作家),,a horse and cart(一輛馬車),a knife and fork(一付刀*),;但若是指兩個(gè)人時(shí),,第二個(gè)名詞前一般也要加冠詞,如a man and a woman(一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人),。 (4)表示唯一職位或頭銜的名詞一般只有在作表語,、同位語、補(bǔ)足語時(shí),,才可以不用the,。 (5)表示三餐的名詞前通常不用冠詞,但有定語修飾時(shí),,可用不定冠詞,,如a good lunch豐盛的午餐。 七,、習(xí)語中的冠詞 1. 含定冠詞的習(xí)語 【真題再現(xiàn)】(65)His daughter is always shy in ______and she never dares to make a speech to ______. (2001上海) A. the public; the public B. public; the public C. the public; public D. public; public 解析:前空表示“在公開的場合”,,用in public;后空表示“公眾”,,用the public,。答案是B。 (66)For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living. (2006山東21) A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the 解析:表示“演藝事業(yè)”stage前面習(xí)慣上要加the,;后者表示“一種謀生的方式”,,用a。答案是B,。 2. 含不定冠詞的習(xí)語 【真題再現(xiàn)】(67)-I'd like _____information about the management of your hotel, please. -Well, you could have _____word with the manager. He might be helpful. (1995全國) A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a 解析:have a word with(和某人談?wù)?是固定短語,,排除選項(xiàng)B和C;information是不可數(shù)名詞,,前面不能直接用不定冠詞,,排除D。答案是A,。 (68)Many people agree that ________knowledge of English is a must in ________international trade today. (1996全國) A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the 解析:前者a knowledge of….(掌握,,精通)是習(xí)慣說法;后者trade是不可數(shù)名詞,,一般不用冠詞。答案是A,。 (69)One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ______good knowledge of basic word formation. (2002上海) A. / B. the C. a D. one 解析:knowledge一般作不可數(shù)名詞,,但表示“了解/掌握/精通……”時(shí),,常用a good knowledge of…。答案是C,。 (70)When you finish reading this book, you will have _____better understanding of _____life. (2004遼寧) A. a, the B. the, a C. /, the D. a, / 解析:have an understanding of(了解,,懂得)是固定搭配;又因?yàn)閘ife作“生活,、人生”解,,是不可數(shù)名詞,不是特指,,不用冠詞,。答案是D。 3. 用零冠詞的固定短語 【真題再現(xiàn)】(71)Paper money was in _____use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in____ thirteenth century. (1999全國) A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填 解析:前者in use(在使用中)是固定詞組,;后者是在序數(shù)詞前加the,。答案是C。 (72)If you go by _____ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _____ fast one. (2005全國卷III) A. the, the B. 不填, a C. the, a D. 不填, 不填 解析:因?yàn)閎y train /bus等中習(xí)慣上不用冠詞,,排除A和C,;表示“一輛快車”用a fast one,其中one是代詞,,代替train,。答案是B。 |
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