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Linux設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)之USB hub驅(qū)動(dòng)

 WUCANADA 2014-02-02

    一:前言

    繼UHCI的驅(qū)動(dòng)之后,,我們對(duì)USB Control的運(yùn)作有了一定的了解,。在接下來的分析中,我們對(duì)USB設(shè)備的驅(qū)動(dòng)做一個(gè)全面的分析,,我們先從HUB的驅(qū)動(dòng)說起,。關(guān)于HUB,usb2.0 spec上有詳細(xì)的定義,基于這部份的代碼位于linux-2.6.25/drivers/usb/core下,,也就是說,,這部份代碼是位于core下,和具體設(shè)備是無關(guān)的,,因?yàn)楦鲝S商的hub都是按照spec的要求來設(shè)計(jì)的,。

    二:UHCI驅(qū)動(dòng)中的root hub

    記得在分析UHCI驅(qū)動(dòng)的時(shí)候,曾詳細(xì)分析過root hub的初始化操作,。為了分析方便,,將代碼片段列出如下:

    usb_add_hcd() à usb_alloc_dev():

    struct usb_device *usb_alloc_dev(struct usb_device *parent,

    struct usb_bus *bus, unsigned port1)

    {

    ……

    ……

    //usb_device,內(nèi)嵌有struct device結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行初始化

    device_initialize(&dev->dev),;

    dev->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type;

    dev->dev.type = &usb_device_type;

    ……

    ……

    }

    一看到前面對(duì)dev的賦值,,根據(jù)我們對(duì)設(shè)備模型的理解,一旦這個(gè)device進(jìn)行注冊(cè),,就會(huì)發(fā)生driver和device的匹配過程了,。

    不過,現(xiàn)在還不是分析這個(gè)過程的時(shí)候,,我們先來看一下,,USB子系統(tǒng)中的兩種驅(qū)動(dòng)。

    三:USB子系統(tǒng)中的兩種驅(qū)動(dòng)

    linux-2.6.25/drivers/usb/core/driver.c中,,我們可以找到兩種register driver的方式,,分別為usb_register_driver()和usb_register_device_driver()。分別來分析一下這兩個(gè)接口,。

    usb_register_device_driver()接口的代碼如下:

    int usb_register_device_driver(struct usb_device_driver *new_udriver,

    struct module *owner)

    {

    int retval = 0;

    if (usb_disabled())

    return -ENODEV;

    new_udriver->drvwrap.for_devices = 1;

    new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.name = (char *) new_udriver->name;

    new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.bus = &usb_bus_type;

    new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.probe = usb_probe_device;

    new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.remove = usb_unbind_device;

    new_udriver->drvwrap.driver.owner = owner;

    retval = driver_register(&new_udriver->drvwrap.driver),;

    if (!retval) {

    pr_info("%s: registered new device driver %s\n",

    usbcore_name, new_udriver->name),;

    usbfs_update_special(),;

    } else {

    printk(KERN_ERR "%s: error %d registering device "

    "   driver %s\n",

    usbcore_name, retval, new_udriver->name);

    }

    return retval;

    }

    首先,,通過usb_disabled()來判斷一下usb是否被禁用,如果被禁用,,當(dāng)然就不必執(zhí)行下面的流程了,,直接退出即可。

    從上面的代碼,很明顯可以看到,, struct usb_device_driver 對(duì)struct device_driver進(jìn)行了一次封裝,,我們注意一下這里的賦值操作:new_udriver->drvwrap.for_devices = 1.等等。這些在后面都是用派上用場(chǎng)的,。

    usb_register_driver()的代碼如下:

    int usb_register_driver(struct usb_driver *new_driver, struct module *owner,

    const char *mod_name)

    {

    int retval = 0;

    if (usb_disabled())

    return -ENODEV;

    new_driver->drvwrap.for_devices = 0;

    new_driver->drvwrap.driver.name = (char *) new_driver->name;

    new_driver->drvwrap.driver.bus = &usb_bus_type;

    new_driver->drvwrap.driver.probe = usb_probe_interface;

    new_driver->drvwrap.driver.remove = usb_unbind_interface;

    new_driver->drvwrap.driver.owner = owner;

    new_driver->drvwrap.driver.mod_name = mod_name;

    spin_lock_init(&new_driver->dynids.lock),;

    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_driver->dynids.list);

    retval = driver_register(&new_driver->drvwrap.driver),;

    if (,!retval) {

    pr_info("%s: registered new interface driver %s\n",

    usbcore_name, new_driver->name);

    usbfs_update_special(),;

    usb_create_newid_file(new_driver),;

    } else {

    printk(KERN_ERR "%s: error %d registering interface "

    "   driver %s\n",

    usbcore_name, retval, new_driver->name);

    }

    return retval;

    }

    很明顯,,在這里接口里,,將new_driver->drvwrap.for_devices設(shè)為了0.而且兩個(gè)接口的porbe()函數(shù)也不一樣。

    其實(shí),,對(duì)于usb_register_driver()可以看作是usb設(shè)備中的接口驅(qū)動(dòng),,而usb_register_device_driver()是一個(gè)單純的USB設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)。

    四: hub的驅(qū)動(dòng)分析

    4.1: usb_bus_type->match()的匹配過程

    usb_bus_type->match()用來判斷驅(qū)動(dòng)和設(shè)備是否匹配,,它的代碼如下:

    static int usb_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)

    {

    /* devices and interfaces are handled separately */

    //usb device的情況

    if (is_usb_device(dev)) {

    /* interface drivers never match devices */

    if (,!is_usb_device_driver(drv))

    return 0;

    /* TODO: Add real matching code */

    return 1;

    }

    //interface的情況

    else {

    struct usb_interface *intf;

    struct usb_driver *usb_drv;

    const struct usb_device_id *id;

    /* device drivers never match interfaces */

    if (is_usb_device_driver(drv))

    return 0;

    intf = to_usb_interface(dev);

    usb_drv = to_usb_driver(drv),;

    id = usb_match_id(intf, usb_drv->id_table),;

    if (id)

    return 1;

    id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, usb_drv);

    if (id)

    return 1;

    }

    return 0;

    }

    這里的match會(huì)區(qū)分上面所說的兩種驅(qū)動(dòng),,即設(shè)備的驅(qū)動(dòng)和接口的驅(qū)動(dòng),。

    is_usb_device()的代碼如下:

    static inline int is_usb_device(const struct device *dev)

    {

    return dev->type == &usb_device_type;

    }

    很明顯,對(duì)于root hub來說,,這個(gè)判斷是肯定會(huì)滿足的,。

    static inline int is_usb_device_driver(struct device_driver *drv)

    {

    return container_of(drv, struct usbdrv_wrap, driver)->

    for_devices;

    }

    回憶一下,我們?cè)诜治鰑sb_register_device_driver()的時(shí)候,,不是將new_udriver->drvwrap.for_devices置為了1么,?所以對(duì)于usb_register_device_driver()注冊(cè)的驅(qū)動(dòng)來說,這里也是會(huì)滿足的,。

    因此,,對(duì)應(yīng)root hub的情況,從第一個(gè)if就會(huì)匹配到usb_register_device_driver()注冊(cè)的驅(qū)動(dòng),。

    對(duì)于接口的驅(qū)動(dòng),,我們等遇到的時(shí)候再來進(jìn)行分析。

    4.2:root hub的驅(qū)動(dòng)入口

    既然我們知道,root hub會(huì)匹配到usb_bus_type->match()的驅(qū)動(dòng),,那這個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)到底是什么呢,?我們從usb子系統(tǒng)的初始化開始說起。

    在linux-2.6.25/drivers/usb/core/usb.c中,。有這樣的一段代碼:

    subsys_initcall(usb_init),;

    對(duì)于subsys_initcall()我們已經(jīng)不陌生了,在很多地方都會(huì)遇到它,。在系統(tǒng)初始化的時(shí)候,,會(huì)調(diào)用到它對(duì)應(yīng)的函數(shù)。在這里,,即為usb_init(),。

    在usb_init()中,有這樣的代碼片段:

    static int __init usb_init(void)

    {

    ……

    ……

    1

    if (,!retval)

    goto out;

    ……

    }

    在這里終于看到usb_register_device_driver()了,。 usb_generic_driver會(huì)匹配到所有usb 設(shè)備。定義如下:

    struct usb_device_driver usb_generic_driver = {

    .name = "usb",

    .probe = generic_probe,

    .disconnect = generic_disconnect,

    #ifdef  CONFIG_PM

    .suspend = generic_suspend,

    .resume = generic_resume,

    #endif

    .supports_autosuspend = 1,

    };

    現(xiàn)在是到分析probe()的時(shí)候了,。我們這里說的并不是usb_generic_driver中的probe,而是封裝在struct usb_device_driver中的driver對(duì)應(yīng)的probe函數(shù),。

    在上面的分析, usb_register_device_driver()將封裝的driver的probe()函數(shù)設(shè)置為了usb_probe_device(),。代碼如下:

    static int usb_probe_device(struct device *dev)

    {

    struct usb_device_driver *udriver = to_usb_device_driver(dev->driver),;

    struct usb_device *udev;

    int error = -ENODEV;

    dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __FUNCTION__);

    //再次判斷dev是否是usb device

    if (,!is_usb_device(dev))    /* Sanity check */

    return error;

    udev = to_usb_device(dev),;

    /* TODO: Add real matching code */

    /* The device should always appear to be in use

    * unless the driver suports autosuspend.

    */

    //pm_usage_cnt: autosuspend計(jì)數(shù)。如果此計(jì)數(shù)為1,則不允許autosuspend

    udev->pm_usage_cnt = !(udriver->supports_autosuspend),;

    error = udriver->probe(udev),;

    return error;

    }

    首先,可以通過container_of()將封裝的struct device, struct device_driver轉(zhuǎn)換為struct usb_device和struct usb_device_driver.

    然后,,再執(zhí)行一次安全檢查,,判斷dev是否是屬于一個(gè)usb device.

    在這里,我們首次接觸到了hub suspend.如果不支持suspend(udriver->supports_autosuspend為0),,則udev->pm_usage_cnt被設(shè)為1,也就是說,,它不允許設(shè)備suspend.否則,將其初始化為0.

    最后,,正如你所看到的,,流程轉(zhuǎn)入到了usb_device_driver->probe()。

    對(duì)應(yīng)到root hub,流程會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)入到generic_probe(),。代碼如下:

    static int generic_probe(struct usb_device *udev)

    {

    int err, c;

    /* put device-specific files into sysfs */

    usb_create_sysfs_dev_files(udev),;

    /* Choose and set the configuration.  This registers the interfaces

    * with the driver core and lets interface drivers bind to them.

    */

    if (udev->authorized == 0)

    dev_err(&udev->dev, "Device is not authorized for usage\n"),;

    else {

    //選擇和設(shè)定一個(gè)配置

    c = usb_choose_configuration(udev),;

    if (c >= 0) {

    err = usb_set_configuration(udev, c),;

    if (err) {

    dev_err(&udev->dev, "can't set config #%d, error %d\n",

    c, err);

    /* This need not be fatal.  The user can try to

    * set other configurations. */

    }

    }

    }

    /* USB device state == configured … usable */

    usb_notify_add_device(udev),;

    return 0;

    }

    usb_create_sysfs_dev_files()是在sysfs中顯示幾個(gè)屬性文件,,不進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,有興趣的可以結(jié)合之前分析的《linux設(shè)備模型詳解》來看下代碼,。

    usb_notify_add_device()是有關(guān)notify鏈表的操作,,這里也不做詳細(xì)分析。

    至于udev->authorized,在root hub的初始化中,,是會(huì)將其初始化為1的,。后面的邏輯就更簡(jiǎn)單了。為root hub 選擇一個(gè)配置然后再設(shè)定這個(gè)配置,。

    還記得我們?cè)诜治鰎oot hub的時(shí)候,,在usb_new_device()中,會(huì)將設(shè)備的所有配置都取出來,,然后將它們放到了usb_device-> config.現(xiàn)在這些信息終于會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)了,。不太熟悉的,可以看下本站之前有關(guān)usb控制器驅(qū)動(dòng)的文檔,。

    Usb2.0 spec上規(guī)定,,對(duì)于hub設(shè)備,只能有一個(gè)config,一個(gè)interface,一個(gè)endpoint.實(shí)際上,,在這里,,對(duì)hub的選擇約束不大,反正就一個(gè)配置,,不管怎么樣,,選擇和設(shè)定都是這個(gè)配置。

    不過,,為了方便以后的分析,,我們還是跟進(jìn)去看下usb_choose_configuration()和usb_set_configuration()的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

    實(shí)際上,,經(jīng)過這兩個(gè)函數(shù)之后,,設(shè)備的probe()過程也就會(huì)結(jié)束了。

    4.2.1:usb_choose_configuration()函數(shù)分析

    usb_choose_configuration()的代碼如下:

    //為usb device選擇一個(gè)合適的配置

    int usb_choose_configuration(struct usb_device *udev)

    {

    int i;

    int num_configs;

    int insufficient_power = 0;

    struct usb_host_config *c, *best;

    best = NULL;

    //config數(shù)組

    c = udev->config;

    //config項(xiàng)數(shù)

    num_configs = udev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations;

    //遍歷所有配置項(xiàng)

    for (i = 0; i < num_configs; (i++, c++)) {

    struct usb_interface_descriptor *desc = NULL;

    /* It's possible that a config has no interfaces! */

    //配置項(xiàng)的接口數(shù)目

    //取配置項(xiàng)的第一個(gè)接口

    if (c->desc.bNumInterfaces > 0)

    desc = &c->intf_cache[0]->altsetting->desc;

    /*

    * HP's USB bus-powered keyboard has only one configuration

    * and it claims to be self-powered; other devices may have

    * similar errors in their descriptors.  If the next test

    * were allowed to execute, such configurations would always

    * be rejected and the devices would not work as expected.

    * In the meantime, we run the risk of selecting a config

    * that requires external power at a time when that power

    * isn't available.  It seems to be the lesser of two evils.

    *

    * Bugzilla #6448 reports a device that appears to crash

    * when it receives a GET_DEVICE_STATUS request!  We don't

    * have any other way to tell whether a device is self-powered,

    * but since we don't use that information anywhere but here,

    * the call has been removed.

    *

    * Maybe the GET_DEVICE_STATUS call and the test below can

    * be reinstated when device firmwares become more reliable.

    * Don't hold your breath.

    */

    #if 0

    /* Rule out self-powered configs for a bus-powered device */

    if (bus_powered && (c->desc.bmAttributes &

    USB_CONFIG_ATT_SELFPOWER))

    continue;

    #endif

    /*

    * The next test may not be as effective as it should be.

    * Some hubs have errors in their descriptor, claiming

    * to be self-powered when they are really bus-powered.

    * We will overestimate the amount of current such hubs

    * make available for each port.

    *

    * This is a fairly benign sort of failure.  It won't

    * cause us to reject configurations that we should have

    * accepted.

    */

    /* Rule out configs that draw too much bus current */

    //電源不足,。配置描述符中的電力是所需電力的1/2

    if (c->desc.bMaxPower * 2 > udev->bus_mA) {

    insufficient_power++;

    continue;

    }

    /* When the first config's first interface is one of Microsoft's

    * pet nonstandard Ethernet-over-USB protocols, ignore it unless

    * this kernel has enabled the necessary host side driver.

    */

    if (i == 0 && desc && (is_rndis(desc) || is_activesync(desc))) {

    #if !defined(CONFIG_USB_NET_RNDIS_HOST) && !defined(CONFIG_USB_NET_RNDIS_HOST_MODULE)

    continue;

    #else

    best = c;

    #endif

    }

    /* From the remaining configs, choose the first one whose

    * first interface is for a non-vendor-specific class.

    * Reason: Linux is more likely to have a class driver

    * than a vendor-specific driver. */

    //選擇一個(gè)不是USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC的配置

    else if (udev->descriptor.bDeviceClass !=

    USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC &&

    (,!desc || desc->bInterfaceClass !=

    USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC)) {

    best = c;

    break;

    }

    /* If all the remaining configs are vendor-specific,

    * choose the first one. */

    else if (!best)

    best = c;

    }

    if (insufficient_power > 0)

    dev_info(&udev->dev, "rejected %d configuration%s "

    "due to insufficient available bus power\n",

    insufficient_power, plural(insufficient_power)),;

    //如果選擇好了配置,,返回配置的序號(hào),,否則,返回-1

    if (best) {

    i = best->desc.bConfigurationValue;

    dev_info(&udev->dev,

    "configuration #%d chosen from %d choice%s\n",

    i, num_configs, plural(num_configs)),;

    } else {

    i = -1;

    dev_warn(&udev->dev,

    "no configuration chosen from %d choice%s\n",

    num_configs, plural(num_configs)),;

    }

    return i;

    }

    Linux按照自己的喜好選擇好了配置之后,,返回配置的序號(hào),。不過對(duì)于HUB來說,,它有且僅有一個(gè)配置。

    4.2.2:usb_set_configuration()函數(shù)分析

    既然已經(jīng)選好配置了,,那就告訴設(shè)備選好的配置,,這個(gè)過程是在usb_set_configuration()中完成的。它的代碼如下:

    int usb_set_configuration(struct usb_device *dev, int configuration)

    {

    int i, ret;

    struct usb_host_config *cp = NULL;

    struct usb_interface **new_interfaces = NULL;

    int n, nintf;

    if (dev->authorized == 0 || configuration == -1)

    configuration = 0;

    else {

    for (i = 0; i < dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations; i++) {

    if (dev->config[i].desc.bConfigurationValue ==

    configuration) {

    cp = &dev->config[i];

    break;

    }

    }

    }

    if ((,!cp && configuration != 0))

    return -EINVAL;

    /* The USB spec says configuration 0 means unconfigured.

    * But if a device includes a configuration numbered 0,

    * we will accept it as a correctly configured state.

    * Use -1 if you really want to unconfigure the device.

    */

    if (cp && configuration == 0)

    dev_warn(&dev->dev, "config 0 descriptor??\n"),;

    首先,根據(jù)選擇好的配置號(hào)找到相應(yīng)的配置,,在這里要注意了,, dev->config[]數(shù)組中的配置并不是按照配置的序號(hào)來存放的,,而是按照遍歷到順序來排序的。因?yàn)橛行┰O(shè)備在發(fā)送配置描述符的時(shí)候,,并不是按照配置序號(hào)來發(fā)送的,,例如,配置2可能在第一次GET_CONFIGURATION就被發(fā)送了,,而配置1可能是在第二次GET_CONFIGURATION才能發(fā)送,。

    取得配置描述信息之后,要對(duì)它進(jìn)行有效性判斷,,注意一下本段代碼的最后幾行代碼:usb2.0 spec上規(guī)定,,0號(hào)配置是無效配置,但是可能有些廠商的設(shè)備并末按照這一約定,,所以在linux中,,遇到這種情況只是打印出警告信息,然后嘗試使用這一配置,。

    /* Allocate memory for new interfaces before doing anything else,

    * so that if we run out then nothing will have changed. */

    n = nintf = 0;

    if (cp) {

    //接口總數(shù)

    nintf = cp->desc.bNumInterfaces;

    //interface指針數(shù)組,

    new_interfaces = kmalloc(nintf * sizeof(*new_interfaces),,

    GFP_KERNEL),;

    if (!new_interfaces) {

    dev_err(&dev->dev, "Out of memory\n"),;

    return -ENOMEM;

    }

    for (,; n < nintf; ++n) {

    new_interfaces[n] = kzalloc(

    sizeof(struct usb_interface),

    GFP_KERNEL),;

    if (,!new_interfaces[n]) {

    dev_err(&dev->dev, "Out of memory\n");

    ret = -ENOMEM;

    free_interfaces:

    while (--n >= 0)

    kfree(new_interfaces[n]),;

    kfree(new_interfaces),;

    return ret;

    }

    }

    //如果總電源小于所需電流,打印警告信息

    i = dev->bus_mA - cp->desc.bMaxPower * 2;

    if (i < 0)

    dev_warn(&dev->dev, "new config #%d exceeds power "

    "limit by %dmA\n",

    configuration, -i),;

    }

    在這里,,注要是為new_interfaces分配空間,要這意的是,, new_interfaces是一個(gè)二級(jí)指針,,它的最終指向是struct usb_interface結(jié)構(gòu)。特別的,,如果總電流數(shù)要小于配置所需電流,,則打印出警告消息。實(shí)際上,,這種情況在usb_choose_configuration()中已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了過濾,。

    /* Wake up the device so we can send it the Set-Config request */

    //要對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行配置了,,先喚醒它

    ret = usb_autoresume_device(dev);

    if (ret)

    goto free_interfaces;

    /* if it's already configured, clear out old state first.

    * getting rid of old interfaces means unbinding their drivers.

    */

    //不是處于ADDRESS狀態(tài),,先清除設(shè)備的狀態(tài)

    if (dev->state != USB_STATE_ADDRESS)

    usb_disable_device(dev, 1),; /* Skip ep0 */

    //發(fā)送控制消息,選取配置

    ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),,

    USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION, 0, configuration, 0,

    NULL, 0, USB_CTRL_SET_TIMEOUT),;

    if (ret < 0) {

    /* All the old state is gone, so what else can we do?

    * The device is probably useless now anyway.

    */

    cp = NULL;

    }

    //dev->actconfig存放的是當(dāng)前設(shè)備選取的配置

    dev->actconfig = cp;

    if (!cp) {

    usb_set_device_state(dev, USB_STATE_ADDRESS),;

    usb_autosuspend_device(dev),;

    goto free_interfaces;

    }

    //將狀態(tài)設(shè)為CONFIGURED

    usb_set_device_state(dev, USB_STATE_CONFIGURED);

    接下來,,就要對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行配置了,,首先,將設(shè)備喚醒,?;貞浺幌挛覀?cè)诜治鯱HCI驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí),列出來的設(shè)備狀態(tài)圖,。只有在ADDRESS狀態(tài)才能轉(zhuǎn)入到CONFIG狀態(tài),。(SUSPEND狀態(tài)除外)。 所以,,如果設(shè)備當(dāng)前不是處于ADDRESS狀態(tài),,就需要將設(shè)備的狀態(tài)初始化。usb_disable_device()函數(shù)是個(gè)比較重要的操作,,在接下來再對(duì)它進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,。

    接著,發(fā)送SET_CONFIGURATION的Control消息給設(shè)備,,用來選擇配置

    最后,,將dev->actconfig指向選定的配置,將設(shè)備狀態(tài)設(shè)為CONFIG

    /* Initialize the new interface structures and the

    * hc/hcd/usbcore interface/endpoint state.

    */

    //遍歷所有的接口

    for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {

    struct usb_interface_cache *intfc;

    struct usb_interface *intf;

    struct usb_host_interface *alt;

    cp->interface[i] = intf = new_interfaces[i];

    intfc = cp->intf_cache[i];

    intf->altsetting = intfc->altsetting;

    intf->num_altsetting = intfc->num_altsetting;

    //是否關(guān)聯(lián)的接口描述符,,定義在minor usb 2.0 spec中

    intf->intf_assoc = find_iad(dev, cp, i),;

    kref_get(&intfc->ref);

    //選擇0號(hào)設(shè)置

    alt = usb_altnum_to_altsetting(intf, 0),;

    /* No altsetting 0?  We'll assume the first altsetting.

    * We could use a GetInterface call, but if a device is

    * so non-compliant that it doesn't have altsetting 0

    * then I wouldn't trust its reply anyway.

    */

    //如果0號(hào)設(shè)置不存在,,選排在第一個(gè)設(shè)置

    if (!alt)

    alt = &intf->altsetting[0];

    //當(dāng)前的配置

    intf->cur_altsetting = alt;

    usb_enable_interface(dev, intf),;

    intf->dev.parent = &dev->dev;

    intf->dev.driver = NULL;

    intf->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type;

    intf->dev.type = &usb_if_device_type;

    intf->dev.dma_mask = dev->dev.dma_mask;

    device_initialize(&intf->dev),;

    mark_quiesced(intf);

    sprintf(&intf->dev.bus_id[0], "%d-%s:%d.%d",

    dev->bus->busnum, dev->devpath,

    configuration, alt->desc.bInterfaceNumber);

    }

    kfree(new_interfaces),;

    if (cp->string == NULL)

    cp->string = usb_cache_string(dev, cp->desc.iConfiguration),;

    之前初始化的new_interfaces在這里終于要派上用場(chǎng)了。初始化各接口,,從上面的初始化過程中,,我們可以看出:

    Intf->altsetting,表示接口的各種設(shè)置

    Intf->num_altsetting:表示接口的設(shè)置數(shù)目

    Intf->intf_assoc:接口的關(guān)聯(lián)接口(定義于minor usb 2.0 spec)

    Intf->cur_altsetting:接口的當(dāng)前設(shè)置。

    結(jié)合之前在UHCI中的分析,,我們總結(jié)一下:

    Usb_dev->config,其實(shí)是一個(gè)數(shù)組,,存放設(shè)備的配置。usb_dev->config[m]-> interface[n]表示第m個(gè)配置的第n個(gè)接口的intercace結(jié)構(gòu),。(m,n不是配置序號(hào)和接口序號(hào) *^_^*),。

    注意這個(gè)地方對(duì)intf內(nèi)嵌的struct devcie結(jié)構(gòu)賦值,它的type被賦值為了usb_if_device_type.bus還是usb_bus_type.可能你已經(jīng)反應(yīng)過來了,,要和這個(gè)device匹配的設(shè)備是interface的驅(qū)動(dòng),。

    特別的,這里的device的命名:

    sprintf(&intf->dev.bus_id[0], "%d-%s:%d.%d",

    dev->bus->busnum, dev->devpath,

    configuration, alt->desc.bInterfaceNumber),;

    dev指的是這個(gè)接口所屬的usb_dev,結(jié)合我們之前在UHCI中關(guān)于usb設(shè)備命名方式的描述,。可得出它的命令方式如下:

    USB總線號(hào)-設(shè)備路徑:配置號(hào),。接口號(hào),。

    例如,在我的虛擬機(jī)上:

    [root@localhost devices]# pwd

    /sys/bus/usb/devices

    [root@localhost devices]# ls

    1-0:1.0  usb1

    [root@localhost devices]#

    可以得知,,系統(tǒng)只有一個(gè)usb control.

    1-0:1.0:表示,第一個(gè)usb control下的root hub的1號(hào)配置的0號(hào)接口,。

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