猴痘是發(fā)生于非洲中西部雨林中的猴類,，也可感染其他動(dòng)物，偶可使人類受 染,，臨床表現(xiàn)類似天花樣,，但病情較輕。這種疾病由猴痘病毒造成,。它屬于一個(gè)包括天花病毒,、在天花疫苗中采用的病毒和牛痘病毒的病毒組。需與與天花,、水痘相 鑒別,。這種病毒可以通過(guò)直接密切接觸由動(dòng)物傳染給人體，也可以在人與人之間傳播,，傳染途徑主要包括血液和體液,。但是,，猴痘的傳染性遠(yuǎn)遜于天花病毒。美國(guó)一 兒童不幸感染
   
    爆發(fā)地區(qū)
   
    美國(guó)中西部地區(qū)突現(xiàn)一種類似天花的傳染性疾病——猴痘,。截至美國(guó)東部時(shí)間6月9日,，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦疾病預(yù)防和控制中心（CDC）已經(jīng)收到37份病例報(bào)告，其中4例已經(jīng)被證實(shí),。
   
    起源
   
    起源：這是猴痘首次在美國(guó)現(xiàn)身,，此前它只在非洲中部和西部出現(xiàn)過(guò)。
   
    病毒：猴痘與引起天花的病毒有關(guān),，因此,，天花疫苗也可以防治此病。
   
    癥狀
   
    癥狀：猴痘感染者會(huì)出現(xiàn)發(fā)高燒,、頭痛,、咳嗽、全身疼痛的癥狀,，嚴(yán)重者可能會(huì)死亡,。
   
    潛伏期：12天。
   
    死亡率：猴痘的死亡率平均為10%,，其中尤以兒童感染者的死亡率最高,。
   
    傳播途徑
   
    傳播：猴痘可以從松鼠科動(dòng)物和靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物向人類傳播，人一旦被攜帶病毒的動(dòng)物咬傷,，病毒就會(huì)通過(guò)血液傳播給人體,。初步調(diào)查顯示，此次美國(guó)猴痘的出現(xiàn)與寵物草原土撥鼠有關(guān),。兔子和其它嚙齒類動(dòng)物也可以攜帶該病毒,。
   
    拓展閱讀：
   
    We have met the enemy and he is ours We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest suddenly turns up in children in the American .Midwest it’s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections （感染）we think of as human infections started in other animals “ says Stephen Morse director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.
   
    It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are; we’re also bringing them closer to us Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea “I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them “says Isaksen
   
    “Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease But is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person
   
    1．We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may_______.
   
    A．come from Columbia
   
    B．prevent us from being infected
   
    C．enjoy being with children
   
    D．suffer from monkey-pox
   
    2．Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?
   
    A．They attack human beings
   
    B．We need to study native animals
   
    C．They can’t live out of the rain forest
   
    D．We do not know much about them yet
   
    3．What does she phrase “the wake-up call” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
   
    A．a(chǎn) new disease
   
    B．a(chǎn) clear warning
   
    C．a(chǎn) dangerous animal
   
    D．a(chǎn) morning call
   
    4．The text suggests that in the future we               .
   
    A. may have to fight against more new diseases
   
    B. may easily get infected by diseases from dogs
   
    C. should not be allowed to have pets
   
    D. should stop buying pests from Africa
   
    答案
   
    1.D
   
    解析：推理判斷題。從第一段We have met the enemy and he is ours We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest suddenly turns up in children in the American可知,，商店里買的寵物帶有一種疾病,。
   
    2.D
   
    解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。Isaksen’s pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea,。
   
    3.B
   
    解析：詞義理解題,。大多數(shù)感染(感染)認(rèn)為人類感染始于其他動(dòng)物，故養(yǎng)動(dòng)物寵物的人很容易受到感染,，故此研究者喚醒養(yǎng)動(dòng)物寵物人的相信。
   
    4.A
   
    解析：主題大意題,。從最后一段可知,，會(huì)有更多的病毒由動(dòng)物傳染給人，故此人類要不斷與新的疾病作斗爭(zhēng),。