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asp.net三層架構(gòu)詳解

 ylzrx 2012-02-10

asp.net三層架構(gòu)詳解

一,、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

/*==============================================================*/
/* DBMS name:      Microsoft SQL Server 2000                    */
/*==============================================================*/
 
 
if exists (select 1
            from sysobjects
           where id = object_id('newsContent')
            and   type = 'U')
   drop table newsContent
go
 
 
/*==============================================================*/
/* Table: newsContent                                            */
/*==============================================================*/
create table newsContent (
   ID           int              identity(1,1)   primary key,
   Title          nvarchar(50)     not null,
   Content       ntext            not null,
   AddDate      datetime         not null,
  CategoryID    int              not null
)
go

 

 

 

二,、項(xiàng)目文件架構(gòu)

實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟為:4-3-6-5-2-1

 

ID

 

項(xiàng)目

 

描述

 

用途

 

項(xiàng)目引用關(guān)系

 

實(shí)例所需文件

 

相關(guān)方法

 

1

 

Web

 

表現(xiàn)層

 

Web頁(yè)和控件

 

引用BLL

 

WebUI.aspx

WebUI.aspx.cs

 

 

GetContent()

 

2

 

BLL

 

業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層

 

業(yè)務(wù)邏輯組件

 

引用 IDAL,Model,,使用DALFactory創(chuàng)建實(shí)例

 

Content.cs

 

ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

 

3

 

IDAL

 

數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)層接口定義

 

每個(gè)DAL實(shí)現(xiàn)都要實(shí)現(xiàn)的一組接口

 

引用 Model

 

IContent.cs

 

ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

 

4

 

Model

 

業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)體

 

傳遞各種數(shù)據(jù)的容器

 

無(wú)引用

 

ContentInfo.cs

 

 

 

5

 

DALFactory

 

數(shù)據(jù)層的抽象工廠

 

創(chuàng)建反射,,用來(lái)確定加載哪一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問(wèn)程序集的類(lèi)

 

引用IDAL,通過(guò)讀取web.config里設(shè)置的程序集,,加載類(lèi)的實(shí)例,,返回給BLL使用。

 

Content.cs

 

IDAL.Icontent create()

 

6

 

SQLServerDAL

 

SQLServer數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)層

 

Microsoft SQL Server特定的Pet Shop DAL實(shí)現(xiàn),,使用了IDAL接口

 

引用 Model和IDAL,被DALFactory加載的程序集,,實(shí)現(xiàn)接口里的方法。

 

SqlHelper.cs

 

 

 

Content.cs

 

SqlDataReader ExecuteReader()

PrepareCommand()

ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

 

OracleDAL

 

Oracle數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)層

 

7

 

DBUtility

 

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問(wèn)組件基礎(chǔ)類(lèi)

 

GetSqlServerConnectionString得到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接字符串,,也可省去該項(xiàng)目,,在SQLServerDAL.SqlHelper中用static readonly string SqlConnectionString代替。

 

無(wú)引用

 

 

 

 

 

實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟過(guò)程

1,、創(chuàng)建Model,,實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)體。

2,、創(chuàng)建IDAL,實(shí)現(xiàn)接口,。

3,、創(chuàng)建SQLServerDAL,,實(shí)現(xiàn)接口里的方法,。

4、增加web.config里的配置信息,,為SQLServerDAL的程序集,。

5、創(chuàng)建DALFactory,,返回程序集的指定類(lèi)的實(shí)例,。

6、創(chuàng)建BLL,,調(diào)用DALFactory,,得到程序集指定類(lèi)的實(shí)例,完成數(shù)據(jù)操作方法,。

7,、創(chuàng)建WEB,調(diào)用BLL里的數(shù)據(jù)操作方法,。

注意:

1,、web.config里的程序集名稱(chēng)必須與SQLServerDAL里的輸出程序集名稱(chēng)一致。

2,、DALFactory里只需要一個(gè)DataAccess類(lèi),,可以完成創(chuàng)建所有的程序集實(shí)例。

3,、項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建后,,注意修改各項(xiàng)目的默認(rèn)命名空間和程序集名稱(chēng),。

4、注意修改解決方案里的項(xiàng)目依賴(lài),。

5,、注意在解決方案里增加各項(xiàng)目引用。

 

三,、各層間的訪問(wèn)過(guò)程

1,、傳入值,將值進(jìn)行類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換(為整型),。

2,、創(chuàng)建BLL層的content.cs對(duì)象c,通過(guò)對(duì)象c訪問(wèn)BLL層的方法GetContentInfo(ID)調(diào)用BLL層,。

3,、BLL層方法GetContentInfo(ID)中取得數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)層SQLServerDAL的實(shí)例,實(shí)例化IDAL層的接口對(duì)象dal,這個(gè)對(duì)象是由工廠層DALFactory創(chuàng)建的,,然后返回IDAL層傳入值所查找的內(nèi)容的方法dal.GetContentInfo(id),。

4、數(shù)據(jù)工廠通過(guò)web.config配置文件中給定的webdal字串訪問(wèn)SQLServerDAL層,,返回一個(gè)完整的調(diào)用SQLServerDAL層的路徑給 BLL層,。

5、到此要調(diào)用SQLServerDAL層,,SQLServerDAL層完成賦值Model層的對(duì)象值為空,,給定一個(gè)參數(shù),調(diào)用SQLServerDAL層的SqlHelper的ExecuteReader方法,讀出每個(gè)字段的數(shù)據(jù)賦值給以定義為空的Model層的對(duì)象,。

6,、SqlHelper執(zhí)行sql命令,返回一個(gè)指定連接的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)記錄集,,在這里需要引用參數(shù)類(lèi)型,,提供為打開(kāi)連接命令執(zhí)行做好準(zhǔn)備PrepareCommand。

7,、返回Model層把查詢(xún)得到的一行記錄值賦值給SQLServerDAL層的引入的Model層的對(duì)象ci,,然后把這個(gè)對(duì)象返回給BLL。

8,、回到Web層的BLL層的方法調(diào)用,把得到的對(duì)象值賦值給Lable標(biāo)簽,,在前臺(tái)顯示給界面

 

四、項(xiàng)目中的文件清單

 

1,、DBUtility項(xiàng)目

(1)connectionInfo.cs

using System;
using System.Configuration;
 
namespace Utility
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// ConnectionInfo 的摘要說(shuō)明,。
       
/// </summary>
       public class ConnectionInfo
       {
              public static string GetSqlServerConnectionString()
              {
                     return ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SQLConnString"];
              }
       }
}

 

2、SQLServerDAL項(xiàng)目

(1)SqlHelper.cs抽象類(lèi)

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using DBUtility;
 
namespace SQLServerDAL
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// SqlHelper 的摘要說(shuō)明,。
       
/// </summary>
       public abstract class SqlHelper
       {
              public static readonly string CONN_STR = ConnectionInfo.GetSqlServerConnectionString();
 
              /// <summary>
              
/// 用提供的函數(shù),,執(zhí)行SQL命令,,返回一個(gè)從指定連接的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)記錄集
              
/// </summary>
              
/// <remarks>
              
/// 例如:
              
/// SqlDataReader r = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
              
/// </remarks>
              
/// <param name="connectionString">SqlConnection有效的SQL連接字符串</param>
              
/// <param name="commandType">CommandType:CommandType.Text、CommandType.StoredProcedure</param>
              
/// <param name="commandText">SQL語(yǔ)句或存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程</param>
              
/// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameter[]參數(shù)數(shù)組</param>
              
/// <returns>SqlDataReader:執(zhí)行結(jié)果的記錄集</returns>
              public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connString, CommandType cmdType, string cmdText, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms)
              {
                     SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                     SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString);
 
                     // 我們?cè)谶@里用 try/catch 是因?yàn)槿绻@個(gè)方法拋出異常,,我們目的是關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接,,再拋出異常,
                     
// 因?yàn)檫@時(shí)不會(huì)有DataReader存在,,此后commandBehaviour.CloseConnection將不會(huì)工作,。
                     try
                     {
                            PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, null, cmdType, cmdText, cmdParms);
                            SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                            return rdr;
                     }
                     catch
                     {
                            conn.Close();
                            throw;
                     }
              }
 
 
              /// <summary>
              
/// 為執(zhí)行命令做好準(zhǔn)備:打開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接,命令語(yǔ)句,,設(shè)置命令類(lèi)型(SQL語(yǔ)句或存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程),,函數(shù)語(yǔ)取。
              
/// </summary>
              
/// <param name="cmd">SqlCommand 組件</param>
              
/// <param name="conn">SqlConnection 組件</param>
              
/// <param name="trans">SqlTransaction 組件,,可以為null</param>
              
/// <param name="cmdType">語(yǔ)句類(lèi)型:CommandType.Text,、CommandType.StoredProcedure</param>
              
/// <param name="cmdText">SQL語(yǔ)句,可以為存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程</param>
              
/// <param name="cmdParms">SQL參數(shù)數(shù)組</param>
              private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand cmd, SqlConnection conn, SqlTransaction trans, CommandType cmdType, string cmdText, SqlParameter[] cmdParms)
              {
 
                     if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
                            conn.Open();
 
                     cmd.Connection = conn;
                     cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
 
                     if (trans != null)
                            cmd.Transaction = trans;
 
                     cmd.CommandType = cmdType;
 
                     if (cmdParms != null)
                     {
                            foreach (SqlParameter parm in cmdParms)
                                   cmd.Parameters.Add(parm);
                     }
              }
       }
}

 

(2)Content.cs類(lèi)

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Model;
using IDAL;
 
namespace SQLServerDAL
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// Content 的摘要說(shuō)明,。
       
/// </summary>
       public class Content:IContent 
       {
 
              private const string PARM_ID = "@ID";
              private const string SQL_SELECT_CONTENT = "Select ID, Title, Content, AddDate, CategoryID From newsContent Where ID = @ID";
 
 
              public ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)
              {
                     //創(chuàng)意文章內(nèi)容類(lèi)
                     ContentInfo ci = null;
 
                     //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)參數(shù)
                     SqlParameter parm = new SqlParameter(PARM_ID, SqlDbType.BigInt, 8);
                     //賦上ID值
                     parm.Value = id;
 
                     using(SqlDataReader sdr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.CONN_STR, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CONTENT, parm))
                     {
                            if(sdr.Read())
                            { 
                                   ci = new ContentInfo(sdr.GetInt32(0),sdr.GetString(1), sdr.GetString(2),
                                          sdr.GetDateTime(3), sdr.GetInt32(4), sdr.GetInt32(5), sdr.GetString(6));
                            }
                     }
                     return ci;
              }
       }
}

 

 

 

3,、Model項(xiàng)目

(1)contentInfo.cs

using System;
 
namespace Model
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// Class1 的摘要說(shuō)明。
       
/// </summary>
       public class ContentInfo
       {
              private int _ID;
              private string _Content;
              private string _Title;
              private string _From;
              private DateTime _AddDate;
              private int _clsID;
              private int _tmpID;
 
              /// <summary>
              
/// 文章內(nèi)容構(gòu)造函數(shù)
              
/// </summary>
              
/// <param name="id">文章流水號(hào)ID</param>
              
/// <param name="content">文章內(nèi)容</param>
              
/// <param name="title">文章標(biāo)題</param>
              
/// <param name="from">文章來(lái)源</param>
              
/// <param name="clsid">文章的分類(lèi)屬性ID</param>
              
/// <param name="tmpid">文章的模板屬性ID</param>
              public ContentInfo(int id,string title,string content,string from,DateTime addDate,int clsid,int tmpid )
              {
                     this._ID = id;
                     this._Content = content;
                     this._Title = title;
                     this._From = from;
                     this._AddDate = addDate;
                     this._clsID = clsid;
                     this._tmpID = tmpid;
              }
 
 
              //屬性
              public int ID
              {
                     get   { return _ID; }
              }
              public string Content
              {
                     get   { return _Content; }
              }
              public string Title
              {
                     get   { return _Title; }
              }
              public string From
              {
                     get   { return _From; }
              }
              public DateTime AddDate
              {
                     get   { return _AddDate; }
              }
              public int ClsID
              {
                     get   { return _clsID; }
              }
              public int TmpID
              {
                     get   { return _tmpID; }
              }
 
 
 
       }
}

 

4,、IDAL項(xiàng)目

(1)Icontent.cs

using System;
using Model;
 
namespace IDAL
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// 文章內(nèi)容操作接口
       
/// </summary>
       public interface IContent
       {
              /// <summary>
              
/// 取得文章的內(nèi)容。
              
/// </summary>
              
/// <param name="id">文章的ID</param>
              
/// <returns></returns>
              ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id);
       }
}

 

 

5,、DALFactory項(xiàng)目

(1)Content.cs

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Configuration;
using IDAL;
 
namespace DALFactory
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// 工產(chǎn)模式實(shí)現(xiàn)文章接口,。
       
/// </summary>
       public class Content
       {
              public static IDAL.IContent Create()
              {
                     // 這里可以查看 DAL 接口類(lèi)。
                     string path = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["WebDAL"].ToString();
                     string className = path+".Content";
                    
                     // 用配置文件指定的類(lèi)組合
                     return (IDAL.IContent)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);
              }
       }
}

 

 

6,、BLL項(xiàng)目

(1)Content.cs

using System;
 
using Model;
using IDAL;
 
namespace BLL
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// Content 的摘要說(shuō)明,。
       
/// </summary>
       public class Content
       {
 
              public ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)
              {
 
                     // 取得從數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)層取得一個(gè)文章內(nèi)容實(shí)例
                     IContent dal = DALFactory.Content.Create();
 
                     // 用DAL查找文章內(nèi)容
                     return dal.GetContentInfo(id);
              }
       }
}

 

 

 

7、Web項(xiàng)目

1,、Web.config:

 

  <appSettings>  

<add key="SQLConnString" value="Data Source=localhost;Persist Security info=True;Initial Catalog=newsDB;User ID=sa;Password= " />
    <add key="WebDAL" value="SQLServerDAL" />   
 </appSettings>

 

2,、WebUI.aspx

<%@ Page language="c#" Codebehind="WebUI.aspx.cs" AutoEventWireup="false" Inherits="Web.WebUI" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" >
<HTML>
       <HEAD>
              <title>WebUI</title>
              <meta name="GENERATOR" Content="Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 7.1">
              <meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" Content="C#">
              <meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript">
              <meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5">
       </HEAD>
       <body MS_POSITIONING="GridLayout">
              <form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
                     <FONT">宋體"></FONT>
                     <table width="600" border="1">
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px"> </td>
                                   <td> 
                                          <asp:Label id="lblTitle" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px; HEIGHT: 22px"> </td>
                                   <td style="HEIGHT: 22px"
                                          <asp:Label id="lblDataTime" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px"> </td>
                                   <td> 
                                          <asp:Label id="lblContent" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px"> </td>
                                   <td> </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px; HEIGHT: 23px"> </td>
                                   <td style="HEIGHT: 23px"> </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px"> </td>
                                   <td> </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px"> </td>
                                   <td> </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px"> </td>
                                   <td> </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px"> </td>
                                   <td> 
                                          <asp:Label id="lblMsg" runat="server">Label</asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                     </table>
              </form>
       </body>
</HTML>

 

 

 

 

 

3、WebUI.aspx.cs后臺(tái)調(diào)用顯示:

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
 
using BLL;
using Model;
 
namespace myWeb
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// WebForm1 的摘要說(shuō)明,。
       
/// </summary>
       public class WebUI : System.Web.UI.Page
       {
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblTitle;
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblDataTime;
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblContent;
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblMsg;
 
              private ContentInfo ci ;
 
 
              private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
              {
                     if(!Page.IsPostBack)
                     {
                            GetContent("1");
                     }
              }
 
              private void GetContent(string id)
              {
                     int ID = WebComponents.CleanString.GetInt(id);
             
                     Content c = new Content();
                     ci = c.GetContentInfo(ID);
                     if(ci!=null)
                     {
                            this.lblTitle.Text = ci.Title;
                            this.lblDataTime.Text = ci.AddDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");
                            this.lblContent.Text = ci.Content;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                            this.lblMsg.Text = "沒(méi)有找到這篇文章";
                     }
              }
 
              #region Web 窗體設(shè)計(jì)器生成的代碼
              override protected void OnInit(EventArgs e)
              {
                     //
                     
// CODEGEN: 該調(diào)用是 ASP.NET Web 窗體設(shè)計(jì)器所必需的,。
                     
//
                     InitializeComponent();
                     base.OnInit(e);
              }
             
              /// <summary>
              
/// 設(shè)計(jì)器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代碼編輯器修改
              
/// 此方法的內(nèi)容。
              
/// </summary>
              private void InitializeComponent()
              {   
                     this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Page_Load);
 
              }
              #endregion
       }
}

 

 

4,、WebComponents項(xiàng)目

(1)CleanString.cs

using System;
using System.Text;
 
namespace myWeb.WebComponents
{
       /// <summary>
       
/// CleanString 的摘要說(shuō)明,。
       
/// </summary>
       public class CleanString
       {
 
              public static int GetInt(string inputString)
              {
                     try
                     {
                            return Convert.ToInt32(inputString);
                     }
                     catch
                     {
                            return 0;
                     }
 
              }
 
 
              public static string InputText(string inputString, int maxLength)
              {
                     StringBuilder retVal = new StringBuilder();
 
                     // check incoming parameters for null or blank string
                     if ((inputString != null) && (inputString != String.Empty))
                     {
                            inputString = inputString.Trim();
 
                            //chop the string incase the client-side max length
                            
//fields are bypassed to prevent buffer over-runs
                            if (inputString.Length > maxLength)
                                   inputString = inputString.Substring(0, maxLength);
 
                            //convert some harmful symbols incase the regular
                            
//expression validators are changed
                            for (int i = 0; i < inputString.Length; i++)
                            {
                                   switch (inputString[i])
                                   {
                                          case '"':
                                                 retVal.Append(""");
                                                 break;
                                          case '<':
                                                 retVal.Append("<");
                                                 break;
                                          case '>':
                                                 retVal.Append(">");
                                                 break;
                                          default:
                                                 retVal.Append(inputString[i]);
                                                 break;
                                   }
                            }
 
                            // Replace single quotes with white space
                            retVal.Replace("'"" ");
                     }
 
                     return retVal.ToString();
                    
              }
               
       }
}

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