時(shí)態(tài)是英語中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式,，是各級各類考試的必考內(nèi)容。隨著高考逐漸向能力考查的過渡,，對時(shí)態(tài)的考查已經(jīng)由單純的時(shí)態(tài)考查逐漸向考查時(shí)態(tài)中的特殊現(xiàn)象延伸,。下面就舉例說明英語中常見的幾種特殊時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)象。

    一,、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊用法

    1. 以 here ,、 there 等詞開頭的句子，描述正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),。如：

    Here comes the bus! There goes the bell!

    2. 既定的時(shí)間,，如生日、日歷,、計(jì)劃安排等,，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。如：

    The meeting starts at five o'clock. The train leaves at three this afternoon.

    3. 在 see to it, make sure, make certain, be sure, look out, take care 等短語之后的從句用一般現(xiàn)在（過去,、現(xiàn)在完成）時(shí)代替一般將來（過去將來,、將來完成）時(shí)。如：

    You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.

    See to it that everything is OK.

    4. 賓語從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),，一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),。如：

    Somebody told me that you are a writer.

    5. 在由 as soon as, when, before, after, till 等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和由 if ， unless ,， as long as ,， in case 等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句以及方式和讓步狀語從句中,，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),，但主句用一般將來時(shí)。如：

    If you come this afternoon, We'll have a meeting.

    When you meet him, tell him to come to my place.

    二 . 一般過去時(shí)的特殊用法

    1. 表示說話人始料未及的事情,，用一般過去時(shí),。如：

    Oh! I didn't know you were in Shanghai. How long have you been there?

    2. wish, would rather 后接的賓語從句， as if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,，以及由“ It is time that …”構(gòu)成的定語從句中,，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的事情。如：

    It's time you had a holiday. He looks as if he were young.

    3. 用表示意愿及精神狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表明說話者探詢的態(tài)度時(shí),，動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),，這樣顯得更加有禮貌。如：

    I didn't know you were here.

    我不知道你在這里,。（ were 實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在）

    I wondered if you could help me.

    4. 在含有“ hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than ”等結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí),。（注意：主句一般要倒裝）如：

    Hardly had I entered the room, when I heard a loud noise.

    No sooner had he reached the door than he came back.

    三,、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法

    1. 若句中含有 always, all the time, forever, constantly 等詞或短語，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,，表示說話人贊賞或厭惡等感情,。如：

    You are always forgetting the important things. He is constantly leaving his things behind.

    2. 某些詞，如 come, go, leave, arrive, start 等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,。如：

    He is leaving tomorrow. The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.

    四,、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法

    1. 表示故事發(fā)生的背景。如：

    It was snowing as they made their way to the front.

    2. 與 always ,， forever, constantly, continually, frequently 等副詞連用,，表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為,，往往帶有感情色彩。如：

    They were frequently quarreling.

    五,、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊用法

    1. 若句中含有 the first time, a few times, again and again 等表示頻率的修飾語時(shí),，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：

    This is the third time we have made improvements in that equipment.

    2. 定語從句的先行詞是最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí),，句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),。如：

    Scientists have found almost all metals are good conductors, the best of which is silver.

    3. 某些時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成的動(dòng)作。如：

    I'll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

    If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we'll go to the park.

    六,、過去完成時(shí)的特殊用法

    1. 某些動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)表示原先計(jì)劃做或打算做而未做的事情,。常見的動(dòng)詞有 mean, plan, think, suppose, want, intend 等。如：

    We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.

    I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.

    2. 在條件狀語從句以及 which 或 I'd rather 后的賓語從句中,，常用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),、推斷等（虛擬語氣）。如：

    If only you had worked with great care! I would rather you had told her the truth.

    七,、一般將來時(shí)的特殊用法

    1. 表示一種傾向,、固有特性或說話人的推測。如：

    I think it will rain tomorrow. Birds will build nests.

    2. 在某些條件狀語從句,、時(shí)間狀語從句中,。如：

    We shall go unless it rains. He'll help you if you ask him.

    說明： be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形 / be to ＋動(dòng)詞原形也可表示將來時(shí)。如：

    She is not to be back late. The film is about to begin.