Unit 8 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

一.[話題](Topic) Offer help

二.[重點(diǎn)詞組](Key Phrases)

1.cheer up 使振奮,、高興                    2.clean up 打掃干凈

3.set up 擺放,，建立                        4.come up with 提出(問題)

5.hand out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放                      6.put up 建立,，發(fā)布

7.write down 寫下,，記下                    8.try to do sth. 盡力做某事

9.help out 幫助（某人）擺脫困境            10.run out of 耗盡，用光

11.take after 與…相像                     12.fix up 修理

13.give away 贈(zèng)送,，分發(fā)                    14.work out 制定出,，算出

15.give out 發(fā)放，消耗盡                   16.ask for 要求,、索要

17.not only...but also 不但…而且…        18.not... any more 不再

19.be similar to 與…相似                  20.Clean-up Day 清節(jié)日

三.[交際用語(yǔ)]

1. I’d like to work outside.

2. I’ll help clean up the city parks.

3. You could volunteer in an after-school study program.

4. I would like to fix up the desks.

5. If you see these things, or problems, what will you do?

6. What kind of volunteer work would you like to do?

四 [重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)釋義](Language Points)  

1. I’d like to work outside. 我想到外面去工作,。

     would like 是個(gè)固定詞組，意為“想要”,、“愿意”,。其具體用法如下：

    （1）would like后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。

     He would like to play football with us this Sunday. 這周日他想要和我們一起打籃球,。

（2）would like 后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

 I’d like a glass of milk, Mum. 媽媽,，我想要一杯牛奶,。

（3）would like 后可接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，再接形容詞,、不定式或過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),。

 I would like you to come over to my family. 我想讓你來(lái)我家。

 They would like the girl happy. 他們想要這個(gè)女孩幸福,。

 I would like your homework finished by 9:00, please. 我希望你的作業(yè)在九點(diǎn)鐘前完成,。

Would you like …? 是would like的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)，是詢問“需要”的常見句型之一,。在此句型中表示“一些”時(shí),，多用some 代替any，對(duì)該句的肯定答語(yǔ)用Yes, please.,否定答語(yǔ)用No, thanks.,。如果like后接動(dòng)詞不定式,，則肯定答語(yǔ)常用Yes, I’d like/ love to.。

  A: Would you like some apples? 你想吃蘋果嗎,？

  B: Yes, please.  是的,。

  A: Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的嗎？

  B: No, thanks. 不了,，謝謝,！

  A: Would you like to go to the park with us? 你愿意和我們一起去公園嗎？

  B: Yes, I’d love to. 是的，我很愿意去,。

2. You could help clean up the city park. 你可以幫助清理城市公園,。

    （1）could 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 的過(guò)去式形式，表示過(guò)去的能力,。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,，后面接原形動(dòng)詞。變否定句在could后加not, 變一般疑問句把could提前,。

     The boy could ride a bike when he was seven. 這個(gè)男孩七歲時(shí)就會(huì)騎自行車,。

     Could you speak Japanese the year before last year? 前年你會(huì)講日語(yǔ)嗎？

       在某些情況下,，could 并不表示過(guò)去,，只是表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣,。其肯定答語(yǔ)用：Sure./Certainly./All right.等,。否定答語(yǔ)用：Sorry./Sorry, I can’t.等。

     A: Could you tell me if he is a student? 你能告訴我他是不是學(xué)生嗎,？

     B: Sure. 當(dāng)然可以,。

  （2）clean up是省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式，意為“（把……）打掃干凈”,、“梳理整齊”,。

     We must clean up the playground every morning. 他每天必須把操場(chǎng)打掃得干干凈凈。

      如果在clean 和up間加個(gè)連字符號(hào),，那么,，它就是名詞了，表示“掃除”,。

      You must give your classroom a good clean-up. 你必須對(duì)教室進(jìn)行徹底地打掃,。

 3. We need to come up with a plan. 我們必須想出一個(gè)計(jì)劃,。

  need 是一個(gè)常見的動(dòng)詞,，表示“需要”之意,。它既可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,。其具體用法如下：

     （1）need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,，有“必要”、“必需”之意,，有人稱,、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，可以接名詞,、代詞,、動(dòng)名詞或帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞。

   The man needs an English dictionary when he works. 這個(gè)人在工作時(shí)需要一本英語(yǔ)詞典,。

       Do you need to see him yourself? 你必需親自見他嗎,？

      （2）need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“必須”,、“必要”,，沒有人稱、數(shù)等變化,，后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,。通常用于疑問句和否定句中，構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句時(shí),，不需要使用助動(dòng)詞,。

      Need you go to the park with your classmate?  你必需和你的同學(xué)去公園嗎？

He needn’t spend much money for this new watch.  他不必花掉這么多錢買這塊新手表,。

由need引出的疑問句,，答語(yǔ)表肯定時(shí)用must或have to；表示否定時(shí)用needn't或don't have to,。

A: Need I come to work tomorrow? 明天我需要來(lái)上班嗎?

B: Yes, you must / have to. 是的,，你必須來(lái)。

A: Need I finish the work at once?  我需要馬上完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎,？

B: No, you needn't / don’t have to ．不,，不必今天完成。

4．I take after my other. 我長(zhǎng)得像我的媽媽,。

   take after意為“（在外貌、性格等方面）與（父母）相像”,，后面多接指人的詞為賓語(yǔ),，一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

   The twins take after their mother. 這對(duì)雙胞胎和她們的父母很像,。

   與take after意思相近的詞組還有l(wèi)ook like (看去像……),、be like (像……一樣)等。

   Who does the boy look like? 這個(gè)男孩看上去像誰(shuí),？

       His brother is like his father, isn’t he? 他的哥哥像他爸爸,，對(duì)嗎？

   5．Last week everyone was trying to cheer up Jimmy the Bike Boy.

上周所有人都盡量讓單車男孩吉米高興起來(lái),。

      詞組try to do sth. 意思是“盡力去做謀事”,，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)所做的事是否成功。

      Try to finish your work on time, please! 請(qǐng)盡量準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成你的工作,！

      類似表示“盡力做某事”的詞組還有下列兩種：

        try doing sth. 表示“試著去做某事”,。

      Yesterday the old man tried opening the door. 昨天這位老人試著把門打開了。

        manage to do sth. 表示“設(shè)法完成某種困難的事”，著重指經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力才能達(dá)到的目的,。

The woman managed to find her lost son last week. 這位婦女終于找到了上周走失的兒子,。

  6．...and called up all his friends and told them about the problem. ......給他所有的朋友打電話告訴他們他的問題。

       ①call up 表示“給……打電話”,，后面接指人的單詞,。

       Did the boy call up you just for a chat. 這個(gè)男孩給你打電話只是為了聊天嗎？,。

        此外,，表示“給……打電話”的常見說(shuō)法還有下列幾種：

        ②give …a call

        They were giving their teacher a call when I got there. 我到那兒時(shí)，他們正在給他們的老師打電話,。

        ③ring up

         Did you ring up your father last week? 上周你給你的父親打電話了嗎,？

        ④give …a ring

         Do you know who gave Zhang Hua a ring an hour ago? 你知道一小時(shí)前誰(shuí)給張華打電話了嗎？

        ⑤telephone / phone…up        

Telephone up me as soon as you arrive in Shanghai . 你一到上海就給我打電話,。

⑥telephone /phone (to)…

Will you please telephone to the policeman?  請(qǐng)你給警察打個(gè)電話好嗎,？

         call up、ring up和telephone / phone…up等是由“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的詞組,，如果它們的賓語(yǔ)是代詞,，這個(gè)詞要用在副詞之前。

         Please call him up at once, please!  請(qǐng)馬上給他打電話,。

         Wang Ping isn’t here. I want to phone her up now.王萍沒來(lái),，我現(xiàn)在正要給他打電話。

7. I’d like to thank you for sending money to “Animal Helpers”, an organization set up

to help disabled people.

“Animal Helpers”動(dòng)物助手,一個(gè)幫助殘疾人而建立的組織.

Thank sb. for…為……而感謝某人.

e.g. Thank you for your flowers to me.

Set up…引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)省去關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句..

e.g. Thomas has a lab set up himself.

8. Being blind, deaf, unable to walk ,or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine.

此句中 “Being…”是動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

“….that most people cannot imagine”是定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾something.

9…or carrying things have always been difficult for me.

此句中的(that) have always been difficult for me 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的things.

10. Then one day last year, a friend of mine said that she would like to help me out.

Help out 意為 “使某人脫離困境”可分開使用.

e.g. Nobody helped me out when I lost my job.

11. You see, I’m only able to have a “dog-helper” because of your kind donation!

此句中的be able to 意為 “能夠做……的事”,可用can替換,主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)一般都使用can, can沒有將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí),也不能用于其他助動(dòng)詞后面,所以常用be able to do 來(lái)替換.

Because of 是介詞短語(yǔ),表原因,后面接名詞或代詞賓語(yǔ).because 是連詞,詞后常接從句.

五.語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (verb phrases)

1. 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,，動(dòng)詞之后加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),，表達(dá)一種特定的含義，稱為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果被拆開,，則不能表達(dá)這種特定的含義。同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,，要把這些習(xí)慣用法看作一個(gè)整體,。

如：look 看 

look for 尋找、尋求

look after 照顧,、照看

look out 小心,、注意

    在這個(gè)例子中，我們清楚的看到,，look 的后面加上不同的介詞或副詞,，意義截然不同。因此,，對(duì)于短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,，我們要善于積累,、鞏固。

2. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有及物的和不及物的分別,，及物的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須接賓語(yǔ),，不及物的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則不需要接賓語(yǔ)。如：

look for 是及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：

I am looking for my passport. 我在找我的護(hù)照,。(my passport是look for 的賓語(yǔ))

look out是不及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：

Look out! The ice isn’t safe! 當(dāng)心,！這冰危險(xiǎn)！（look out后面沒有賓語(yǔ)）

    注意：有的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可能有兩種或更多不同的意思,，有的含義是及物的,，有的含義則是不及物的。

如：take off 可意為“拿掉”,，是及物的,。

    e.g. He takes off his hat. 他摘下他的帽子。

take off 也可意為“起飛”（用于飛機(jī)）,，這時(shí)它是不及物的,。

e.g. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飛機(jī)是10點(diǎn)鐘起飛的。

3. 及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所帶賓語(yǔ)的位置

 （1）名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),，一般放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,，有的也放在中間。

    e.g. He took off his coat. / He took his coat off.

 （2）代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),，大多數(shù)情況下,，放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的中間，有時(shí)放在后邊,。

    e .g. He took it off. 他把它脫掉了,。

I’m looking for them. 我正在找他們。

I will give away this old coat away. /give away this old coat =give this old coat away.

我將把這件舊外衣送掉,。

 （3）有時(shí),，動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式也可以做賓語(yǔ)。

e.g. He kept on blowing his horn. 他不斷地吹喇叭,。

e.g. It is up to you to decide this for yourself. 這事全由你自己決定,。

4. 認(rèn)真背誦重點(diǎn)詞組中涉及到的常見短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,，掌握其用法,。