英語語法知識難點--動詞時態(tài),、語態(tài)(四)
I. 要點
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時
?。?) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài),,常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如:
Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
?。?) 表示客觀真理,、科學(xué)事實等。如:
The earth goes round the sun.
2,、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
(1) 表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作,,常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用,,表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作,,常含有某種情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3,、 現(xiàn)在完成時
主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去,,對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,,或可能還要繼續(xù)下去,,常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4,、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與tomorrow, next year等連用,。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5,、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用,。如:
It happened many years ago.
6,、過去進(jìn)行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7,、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作,。如:
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作,。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't.
?。埂⒈粍诱Z態(tài)
被動語態(tài)的時態(tài),,以give為例,。
時/式
|
一般
|
進(jìn)行
|
完成
|
現(xiàn)在
|
am is given are
|
am is being are
|
has been given have
|
過去
|
was given were
|
was being given were
|
had been given
|
將來
|
shall be given will
|
|
shall have been given will
|
過去將來
|
should be given would
|
|
should have been given would
|
II.例題
例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析:該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前,,但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態(tài),,而用一般過去時態(tài)。
例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析:該題正確答案為C,。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中,,介詞不能省,否則就變成了不及物動詞短語,,而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中,。