|
（一）知識講解 一,、不定代詞的用法難點 1．none, no one, nothing 的用法區(qū)別 ① none 既可指人,，也可指物,，且一定是特指概念,，常用來回答how many /much 引導的疑問句；no one 只能指人,，且只能是泛指概念,，常用來回答who 引導的疑問句；nothing “什么也沒有”,，否定一切,，常用來回答what 引導的疑問句。如： — How many people are there in the room now ? — None. — Who is in the room ? — No one / nobody ② none 往往與前面的(some / any / every ) + n. 匹配構(gòu)成試題,；而nothing 往往與something, anything, everything 相匹配構(gòu)成試題,；no one / nobody 往往與someone / somebody, everyone / everybody, someone / somebody 相匹配構(gòu)成試題。如： I need someone to help me, but there is no one here. I need something to drink, but there is nothing. I need some students to help me to carry the tools for experiment, but there is none here. — Is there anyone in that room ? — No, no one. — Is there anything in that room ? — No, nothing. — Is there any student in that room ? — No, none. ③ none 后面可加of 引導的介詞短語,，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 卻不能,。 2. each 和every ① each 強調(diào)“個體”，起代詞和形容詞作用,；every 強調(diào)“全體”,，只能作定語。Each 作同位語時,，不可用not each 來表示部分否定,，而not every 表示部分否定。如： The tickets each cost ten dollars. 這些票每張十美元,。（each 作同位語,，不能用costs） Every man is not honest. 并非每個人都誠實。 = Not every man is honest. ② every 還可表示“每融……的,；每……中的”,，如下列說法中只能用every。 every year or two 每一兩年 every now and then 時常 every other day 每隔一天 Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十個男孩中選一個,。 one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一輛車 3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一覽表 不定代詞 意義 用法說明 another 任何一個,，另一個 指三者或三者以上中的任何一個,，用作代詞或形容詞。如： I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please. other 另外的 只作定語,，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用,；但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及my, your, his 等時，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用,。如：any other plant, every other day,。 the other 兩者中的 另一個 常與one 連用，構(gòu)成：one … the other… 一個……另一個……,；作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,，表示“全部其余的”。 others 泛指別的 人或物 是other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,，泛指別的人或物（但不是全部）,，不能作定語，構(gòu)成some…others… the others 特指其余 的人或物 是the other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,，特指其余的人或物,。 4．全部否定和部分否定 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every + 名詞都表示全部肯定：no one, none, nobody, nothing, nothing, not … any, 以及no + 名詞都表示全部否定；但當not 出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中,，不管not 在它們之前或之后都表示部分否定,。如： Both of them haven’t read this story. = Only one of them has read this story. 并非他們二人都看過這個故事。 All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 這些男孩都很聰明,，但沒有一個人能解出這道題,。 All bamboo doesn’t grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall. = Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesn’t. 并非所有的竹子都長得高。 We fear no difficulty. = we don’t fear any difficulty. 我們不怕困難,。 Neither of them wants to stop for a rest. 他們兩個誰也不愿意停下來休息,。 另外,。① any 所修飾的名詞或由any 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞不能用否定式,。也就是說,，我們只能說not … any，但不能說any … not,。如： × Anything cannot stop him going there. √ Nothing can stop him going there. 任何事不能阻止他去那兒,。 ② 總括性副詞如everywhere, always, altogether (全然地)，wholly（全部地）和not 連用時,，也表示部分否定,。例如： Such a thing can’t be found nowhere. 這種事什么地方也見不到。 5．Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法 都 任何 都不 兩者 both either neither 兩者（以上） all any none 如：① I had to buy all these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. ② It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails. ③ I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came. ④ — Which of the three ways shall take to the village ? — Any way as you please. ⑤ We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any. 二替代詞（one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those）的用法 對于替代詞,，首先要明白使用替代詞的目的就是要代替前面的名詞,，以避免重復(fù)。那么,，做題時首先要弄清替代詞替代什么樣的名詞,，如：可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)？是泛指還是特指,？其中one用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞,，是泛指概念相當于a/an +單數(shù)名詞；ones用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,，有時可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定語的情況下）,。The ones 用來代替前面的特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可用those代替（尤其在有后置定語的情況下）,。that 用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞,，相當于the +單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞。如： Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk. （二）[基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)] 1．Teenagers are warned to be careful when making friends online, because when you can’t see a person, they could be _______. 作者：山東：邵立華 A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 答案：C 解析：anybody用于肯定句中意為“任何人”,，在口語中還有“靠不住”的含義,；everybody“人人，所有的人”,；somebody“某人,，有一定地位的人”；nobody“沒有人,，無關(guān)緊要的人”,。 2．From the chart we can learn that the max temperature in Auckland is nearly 30C higher than ______ in Wellington. htt://www.canpoint.cn A. it is B. that C. what is D. one 答案：B 解析：考查代詞。That指代上文的“he max temperature”,。 3．—Daddy, which of those smart hats do you like in the hat shop? — _______. They are both expensive and less warm-keeping. A. Either B. Nothing C. Neither D. None 答案：D 解析：根據(jù)句意可首先排除A和C,。nothing指事物，不是數(shù)量,；none指多數(shù)事物中沒有哪一個,，表示完全否定,。 4．— How many classmates did you see there? — ________. A. No one B. None C. Nobody D. Not at all 答案：B 解析：No one和Nobody在句中常可作主語,。None作主語時常和of連用,，以限制范圍，在范圍明確的情況下也可作賓語,。 5．Within industries,，companies are always trying to develop products that are one step better than _____ of other companies．http: A．one B．that C．those D．a(chǎn)ll 答案：C 解析：比較句，同類復(fù)數(shù)指代用those,。 6．His sudden look of fear made _____ clear that he had something to do with the matter. A. him B. this C. it D. that 答案：C 解析：it做形式賓語,。 7．The book is of great value. _______ can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it, however. A. Nothing B. Few htt://www.canpoint.cn全品高C. Something D. Much 答案：A 解析：根據(jù)句末的however判斷出轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇nothing,。 8．— Have you got used to the Chinese food, Robert? — Yes. But I don't like _____ when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don't like. A. this B. that C. those D. it 答案：答案：D 解析：it 指代一種情況 eg. I hate it when you talk to me with your mouth full of food . 9．Teenagers are warned to be careful when making friends online, because when you can’t see a person, they could be __________. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 答案： C 解析：anybody任何人。 （三）[能力提高] 1. What he said is _______ but practical since ______ depends on “if”. A. anything; everything B. nothing; everything C. everything; anything D. none; everything 答案：A 解析：but表轉(zhuǎn)折,，即前后兩次為反義詞,，且根據(jù)句意，前肯后否,，故選A,。 2. It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers hemingway and Fitzgerald reached ______ highest point. A. their B. its C. his D. our 答案：B 解析：從句的主語是friendship，賓語指代主語,，故用B,。 3. I invited five people to my party. Out of those five people, only John and Mary can come. _____ people can’t come. A. The others B. The other C. Others D. Other three 答案：B 解析：由句意可知，五個人被分為了來和沒來兩組,形成了意義上的one…the other…結(jié)構(gòu),同時,，不是一個人,，other變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，選A,。 4. — Lend me some more money, will you ? — Sorry, I’ve got _______ at hand myself. You know the MP3 player cost me all I had just now. A. nothing B. no C. none D. not 答案：C 解析：根據(jù)句意,，表示全部沒有，選C 5. — We were talking about the new play _____ day, remember ? — Yes, I enjoyed it very much. A. the other B. another C. dome D. other 答案：A 解析：the other day 表示另一天,，與句意相符,，選A。 6. — Excuse me, but can you tell me which road I should take to the post office ? — _______ of the four roads will do. A. Any B. Neither C. Both D. Every 答案：A 解析：表示任意一個,，用A,。 7. Hurry up if you want to buy something for the party, as there is hardly ______ left in the fridge. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. none 答案：B 解析：hardly表示否定，空格處應(yīng)與與something對應(yīng)反義,，選B 8. he has lived in London and New York, but he doesn’t like ______ city. A. neither B. either C. both D. all 答案：B 解析：表示肯定的“或”關(guān)系,，用B。 9. — Do you have a passport, sir ? — Yes, I have _______. Here you are. A. it B. that C. one D. this 答案：C 解析：指代a passport,，用one,。 10. I understood most of what they said but not ______ word. A. any B. each C. every D. one 答案：C 解析：根據(jù)句意,，應(yīng)選表“每一個”意思的詞，由于each不能用于否定句,，故選C,。 |
|
|
