定語從句解題的黃金規(guī)律——先行詞、關(guān)系代（副）詞的句法功能

    在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句,。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when ,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成分,。

    ●難點磁場

    1.(★★★★)—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

     —Is that the reason ________you had a few days off?

    A.why               B.when              C.what              D.where

    (NMET1999)

    2.(★★★★★)Meeting my uncle after all these was an unforgettable moment,________I will always treasure.

    A.that               B.one               C.it                 D.what

    (NMET2002)

    3.(★★★★)Alec asked the policeman________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. (上海2002)

    A.with him           B.who               C.with whom         D.whom

    4.(★★★★)There’s a feeling in me________we’ll never know what a UFO is.

    A.that               B.which             C.of which         D.what （上海2002）

    5.(★★★★)We will be shown around the city:schools,museum,and some other places,________other visitors seldom go.

    A.what              B.which             C.where              D.when

    6.(★★★★)After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town________he grew up as a child.

    A.which             B.where             C.that                D.when

    (NMET1996)

    7.(★★★★★)Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much.

    A.it                 B.that               C.when              D.which

    (NMET1999)

    8.(★★★★★)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,________of course,made the others unhappy.

    A.who               B.which             C.this               D.what

    (NMET2000)

    ●案例探究

    1.The film brought the hours back to me________I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

    A.until               B.that              C.when              D.where

    (NMET2001)

    命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對定語從句的掌握,，屬于五星級題目。

    知識依托：先行詞是表示時間的詞,，從句中缺少狀語，通常用關(guān)系副詞when,。

    錯解分析：本題有一定難度,，主要是由于在先行詞和定語從句之間有其他的詞。

    解題方法與技巧：首先要找準(zhǔn)先行詞,，先行詞hours表示的是時間,，當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的詞時，可能有2種情況：如果從句中缺少狀語,，通常用關(guān)系副詞when,，如題；如果在從句中缺少主語或賓語,，通常用關(guān)系代詞that或which,。

    答案：C

    2.________is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.

    A.It                 B.As                C.That              D.What

    (NMET2001)

    命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對定語從句中關(guān)系代詞as的用法。屬于五星級題目,。

    知識依托：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,。

    錯解分析：A項迷惑性較大。但it是形式主語,，后應(yīng)用that從句作真正主語,。如：It’s known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

    解題方法與技巧：根據(jù)題干的逗號可以判斷，空缺處應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞as,，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,。在這種用法中，as的意思是“正像”“像”“那樣”,，定語從句則表達(dá)了說話人的對某事的態(tài)度和看法,。

    答案：B

    ●錦囊妙計

    1.由who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句：這類定語從句中,， who用作主語，whom用作賓語,，whose用作定語,。例如：

    This is the man who helped me.

    The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

    Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?

    2.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句：which在從句中作主語或謂語動詞和介詞的賓語。例如：

    This is the book which you want.

    The building which stands near the river is our school.

    The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

    3.由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句：that在定語從句中可以指人或物,，在從句中作主語,、謂語動詞或介詞的賓語。（但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語）例如：

    The letter that I received was from my father.

    注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句：

    ①先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,。例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day.

    ②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film I’ve ever seen.

    ③先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。例如：I have read all the books(that)you gave me.

    ④先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時,，例如：He is the only person that/(who) I want to talk to .

    ⑤先行詞既有人又有物時,，例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered.

    ⑥當(dāng)句中已有who時，為避免重復(fù),。例如：Who is the man that is talking to John?

    ⑦用作關(guān)系代詞,，修飾表示時間的名詞如day,time,moment等，代替when,。例如：It happened on the day that/when I was born.

    ⑧如有兩個定語從句,，其中一個關(guān)系詞已用，則另一個用that,。例如：Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

    4.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句,。例如:

    I know the reason why he came late.

    This is the place where we lived for 5 years.

    I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.

    注意：先行詞是表示地點或時間時，有時用where或when,，有時用that(which)引導(dǎo)定語從句,，這時要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),，否則用where或when,。例如：

    This is the house where he lived last year.

    This is the house that(which)he visited last year.

    I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.

    I have never forgotten the day which we spent together.

    5.限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：

    ①限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開,，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,of which等,，這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略；

    ②非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明,，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思的完整,，一般用逗號把主句和從句分開。關(guān)系代詞用which,，不用that,；指人時可用who，例如：

    I have two sisters,who are both students.

    Crusoe’s dog,which was now very old,became ill and died.

    6.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句：

    ①as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語,、表語或狀語,，構(gòu)成the same…as,such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

    I like the same book as you do.(as作賓語）

    I shall do it in the same way as you did.（as作狀語）

    I want to have such a dictionary as he has.(as作賓語）,；

    ②as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語,，這個定語從句說明整個句子,，可以放在主句之前。例如：

    As we all know,he studies very hard.（as代表整個句子,，作賓語）

    As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.（as代表整個句子,，作主語）

    常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above,as is already mentioned above,as is known to all,as it is,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等。

    注意：①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致,；②關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限定性定語從句作動詞賓語或介詞賓語，而該介詞又位于從句末尾時,，經(jīng)常省略,，但as一般不省略；③關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首,，而as則可以,；在句中時，as有“正如”“就像”之意,，而which則沒有此意。

    ●殲滅難點訓(xùn)練

    1.(★★★★★)Is this hotel________you said we were to stay in your letter.

    A.where             B.which             C.in that              D.in which

    2.(★★★★)The wrong you’ve done him is terrible,for________you should make an apology to him,I think.

    A.this               B.which             C.what               D.that

    3.(★★★★)We played in the garden till sunset,________it began to rain.

    A.when              B.after              C.while              D.then

    4.(★★★★)I’d like a car________front lights are big and round.

    A.which             B.that               C.whose             D.what

    5.(★★★★)“Who Moved My Chinese?”,________is a best-selling book,is written by Spencer Johnson.

    A.which             B.that               C.it                 D.what

    6.(★★★★★)Is there a shop around________I can get a pack of cigarette?

    A.which             B.where              C.that               D. what

    7.(★★★★)Another unmanned spacecraft“ShenzhouⅡ”,________China greets the 21st century,marks new progress in the century’s space program.

    A.for which           B.from which         C.in which          D.with which

    8.(★★★★)Beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year,________doubles the money provided last year.

    A.as                B.while              C.that               D.which

    9.(★★★★)That passenger was very impolite to the conductor,________of course,made things even worse.

    A.who               B.whom             C.what              D.which

    10.(★★★★)Helen is much more kind to her youngest child than to the others,________of course,makes the others unhappy.

    A.who              B.which              C.she               D.that

    11.(★★★★★)I’ll never forget the days________I lived in the country with the farmers,________has a great effect on my life.

    A.that;which          B.when;which        C.which;that          D.when;who

    12.(★★★★★)David gets up early and takes a walk in the morning,______is usual with him.

    A.as                B.that                C.what              D.such