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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)與練習(xí)

 鶯聲繞紅樓 2011-08-04

考點(diǎn)一:考查基本概念

例 Both his parents look sad .Maybe they______what's happened to him .

A.knew B.have known C.  must know D.will know

  簡(jiǎn)析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成

的影響,,或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?/font>

來,,重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,。這種考查難度較大,往往無時(shí)

間狀語,,需要從上下文分析,、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下

文分析,、推理,,正確答案是B。

考點(diǎn)二:考查時(shí)間狀語

例1. He has  _______ been to  Shanghai , has he ?

A.already B.never C.ever D. still

例2.  Have  you  met  Mr  Li ______,?

A.just   B.ago C.before D.a moment ago

例3.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past

 two year .

A.is writing B.was writing C.wroteD.has written

例4.—Our country  ______ a lot so far .

  —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A.has changed;well     B.changed;good

C.has changed; better  D.changed;better

例5.Zhao Lan ______already  ______in this school for

two years .

A.was;studying         B.will;studyC.has;studied          D. are;studying

例6.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

A.know B.had known C.have knownD. knew

例7.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I______it twice .

A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see

簡(jiǎn)析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語常有如下四類:

 ?、努F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already(已經(jīng))just(剛剛,正好)

ever(曾經(jīng)),,never(從來,,也不;從不)before(以前)

yet(仍然)等連用,。故例1應(yīng)選B,;例2應(yīng)選C。

 ?、片F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently(近來),,so  far(到目

前為止),in  the  past/“last + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀

語連用,。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)

間,句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的,。

故例3應(yīng)選D,,例4應(yīng)選C。

 ?、乾F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間

點(diǎn)”連用(含從句,,從句過去時(shí)),。故例5應(yīng)選C,例6應(yīng)選C,。

 ?、痊F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once(一次),twice(兩次),,

three  times(三次),,several  times(幾次)等表示重

復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故例7應(yīng)選B,。

考點(diǎn)三:考查與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

例1.—These farmers have been to the United States .

   —Really ? When _____  there ?

A.will they go          B.did they go

C.do they go            D.have they gone

例2.—______ you ___ your  homework  yet ?

  —Yes . I _____  it  moment  ago .

A.Did;do;finished       B.Have;done;finished

C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish

簡(jiǎn)析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆,,就是因?yàn)樗鼈?/font>

所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過去

時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事,、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的

動(dòng)作,,說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒

有關(guān)系,;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)

作,它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(如yesterday,last week,

a moment ago等)連用,。故例1、2的正確答案皆為B,。

考點(diǎn)四:考查非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法

例1. His  father  ______ the  Party  since  1978 .

A.joined B.has joined C. was in D.has been in

例2.—Do you know him well ?

  — Sure.We _________friends since ten years ago .

A.were B.have been C.have becomeD. have made

例3.—How long have you  ____ here ?

  —About two months .

A.been B.gone      C.come    D.arrived

例4.Hurry up!The play __________ for  ten  minutes .

A.has begun         B.had begun

C.has been on       D.began

例5.His uncle died two years ago.(改變句子,句意不變

  His uncle has  _______ for two years 

例6.Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同義句)

  Her mother_______the  Party three years ________ .

例7.It _____ten years since he left the army .

A.is B.has C.will  D.  was

簡(jiǎn)析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的

表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替,。

常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及替代形式如下:

close—→be closed,  put on→wear, open—→be open   

get up—→be up, finish/end→be over, lose—→belost,

marry—→be married(to),

fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) , 

get to know—→ know   come/arrive—→be here/in ,

come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away ,          become —→be,         borrow —→keep ,

buy—→have ,          begin/start—→be on ,

die—→be dead ,       join—→be in... ,

catch a cold—→ have a cold等,

故例1,、2,、3、4的正確答案依次為:D,、B,、A、C,。例5應(yīng)填

been  dead ,。其次,可以用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)表

示,,故例6應(yīng)填joined,;ago。再次,,還可用“It is + 一

段時(shí)間+since從句”來表示,,故例7應(yīng)選A。

考點(diǎn)五:考查詞組have/has  been  in / tohave/has  gone to的區(qū)別

例1.Miss Green isn't in the office.she______to the  library .

A.has goneB.went C.will go D.has  been

例2.My parents ______Shandong for  ten  years .

A.have been in       B.have been to

C.have gone to       D.have been

簡(jiǎn)析:“have/has  gone  to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地

(還未回來)",指主語所指的人不在這兒.“have/has  been  in + 地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,,常與表示時(shí)間的

狀語連用.“have/has been to +地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地

(但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒),。”故例1、2的正確答案皆為A,。


現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
    
一,、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,。
1.I___already____(see)the film.I___(see)it last week.
2.__ he ____(finish) his work today ? Not yet .
3.___you ___(be)to Hong Kong ?Yes,I ____(be)there twice .
4.__ you ever ____(eat )chocolate sundaes? No, never.
5.My father ____just ____(come) back from work.He

 is tired now.
6.Where's Li Ming? He____(go)to the teacher's office.
7.Shanghai ___(be) a small town hundreds of years ago.  Now it ____ (become) a large city.
8.I ____ (work) here since I ____ (move) here in 1999.
9.So far I ____(make) quite a few friends here.
10.How long ___the Wangs ___(stay) here?For two weeks.
二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞),。
1.I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句)

  I ___ ____ been to Macau before.
2.He hasn't come to school because he's ill             (就劃線部分提問)
____ _____ he come to school?
3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問)
____ ___ ____ ____ learned English ?
4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫)

  I ____ just ____ a new bike.
5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義)
We ____ ____English ____three years

三,、 填入has / have been 或has / have gone.

1.Harry:I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night.
 Diana:No,it wasn't me.I     never    there.
2. Sam:Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't they?

   Where     they    ?
 Sue:To Florida, again.
 Sam:How many times      they     there?
 Sue:This is their third visit.
3. Alan:Where's Tony? Mary:He's got a headache so he

        to bed.
4. Steve:Can I speak to Jill, please?
 Lynn:She's out,I'm afraid. She    to the cinema this evening.
 Steve:Again? She    already     to the cinema  three times this week.

四、 用for 或since填空

1. Jill has been in Ireland     Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland     three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia     15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office.She has been there

     7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country    1974.
6. The bus is late.We've been waiting   20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses.They have been 
empty

      many years.
8. Mike has been ill    a long time. He has been in    hospital  October

五,、

A.用 already或 yet
1) Have they taken down the old pictures ______?

   No, not ___________.
2) Most of us have finished our compositions ________
3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.
B.用 since或 for
1) We have learned five lessons _____he beginning of    this term.
2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ______last week.
3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.
C. 用have gone或 have been
1) Where are the boy students ?They _____to the school factory.
2) Is your father in?No, he ____to Shenzhen._______ he ever______there before?Yes, he ___there several times
3) He asked me if I ____to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _____never ______ to that city before.
六 選擇填空
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well.
A. had made…have tried    B. made…have tried

C. has made…tried         D. made…tried
2 “He ____to draw horses already”.When _____ he ?”

“ Last year “
A. learned…has         B. learned…did

C. has learned…has     D. has learned…did
3.____you ____the text yet?Yes,we____it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did      B. Have…copied…have

C. Have…copied…did   D. Did …copy…had
4. “Why ______ she ______angry ?”“Because he _____

 at her just now .”
A. did…get…shouted     B. has…got…shouted

C. did…get…has shouted  D. has…got…has shouted
5. ____you _____the film before?Where_____you ____it?
A. Have …seen…did…see B. Did …see…did…watch
C. Have…seen…have…seen D. Did …see…have…seen
6.You ____me waiting for two hours. I____for you since five.
A. kept…waited       B. have kept…waited

C. kept…have waited  D. have kept…have waited
7.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He ______there for an hour.
A. has…been…has gone  B. has…gone…has been

C. did…go…went        D. did…be…went
8. I ______the way.I______here for quite many years.
A. knew…have lived      B. knew…live

C. know…have lived      D. know…live
9. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.
A. Have…gone to         B. Have…gone in

C. Have…been to         D. Have …been in
10. My brother ____college for over three years.
A. has gone to           B. has been to

C. has been in           D. has been at

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