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漫談反意疑問句 江蘇 劉志生 一,、概念：反意疑問句（disjunctive questions）表示說話人提出某種情況或看法，詢問對(duì)方是否同意,，也稱為附加疑問句(tag questions)或反意問句,。 二、構(gòu)成：陳述句+簡(jiǎn)略疑問句,。His father
is a boss, isn’t he? 三,、特點(diǎn)：前肯后否，前否后肯,。She goes to school at six every day, doesn’t she? 四、形式：肯定陳述句+否定簡(jiǎn)略疑問句,；否定陳述句+肯定簡(jiǎn)略疑問句,。 You
can make a model plane, can’t you? He doesn’t have lunch at home, does
he? 五、語調(diào)：陳述部分用降調(diào),，后面簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分若表示提問者對(duì)陳述部分的事實(shí)把握較大或進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),，則用降調(diào)(↘)；若提問者對(duì)所陳述部分的事實(shí)沒有多大把握而需要對(duì)方來確定時(shí),，則用升調(diào)(↗),。 六、回答：如果事實(shí)是肯定的,，就用 Yes;反之,，如果事實(shí)是否定的，就用 No,。即 Yes+肯定簡(jiǎn)答,，No+否定簡(jiǎn)答。 1. 陳述句的謂語是肯定形式：You can fly a
kite, can't you? 你會(huì)放風(fēng)箏,，是嗎,？ Yes, I
can(fly a kite).是的，我會(huì)放風(fēng)箏,。 No, I
can't (fly a kite). 不,，我不會(huì)放風(fēng)箏,。 2. 陳述句的謂語是否定形式：You don’t learn
French, do you? 你不學(xué)法語，是嗎,？ Yes, I
do.（Yes, I learn French.） 不,，我學(xué)法語。 No, I
don’t. (No, I don’t learn French.)是的,，我不學(xué)法語,。 七、 注意： 1. 簡(jiǎn)略疑問句中的主語必須與陳述句的主語指的是同一人或物,，而且不論原句的主語是名詞還是代詞,，都必須用人稱代詞形式來代替（there be句型除外） Your
brother is a driver,
isn’t he? (不能說 isn’t your brother?或is not he?) 2. 簡(jiǎn)略疑問句中的謂語必須是助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be的適當(dāng)形式,，而且時(shí)態(tài),、數(shù)、人稱等要與前面陳述句部分一致,，若與not 搭配時(shí),，則必須要用其縮寫式。 Mary dances well, doesn’t she? (不能說does not she? 或doesn’t Mary?) They can keep the book for two weeks, can’t they? ((不能說can not they 或cannot they?) 八,、 特殊情況： 1. 如果陳述部分的主語是由every, some, any, no與one 和body 構(gòu)成的指人的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語可用he或 they ，但為了避免性別歧視,，一般用 they,。 Everyone/Everybody
is here, isn’t he/aren’t they? No one except him knows Japanese in his class, do they? 2．如果陳述部分的主語是由every, some, any, no與thing構(gòu)成的指物的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語只能用it,。 Everything
goes well, doesn’t it? Something
will make 3．如果陳述部分的there be是用來表示存在時(shí),，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分用there作主語，而省略主語代詞,。 There
are some books on the desk, aren’t there? There is
nothing interesting in today’s newspaper, is there? There will be a class meeting this afternoon, won’t there? 但若there或here表示的是地點(diǎn)或作引導(dǎo)詞用于到裝句時(shí),，則簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語應(yīng)用陳述句真實(shí)主語相應(yīng)的代詞形式,。 There
goes the bell, doesn’t it? Here is
a watch, isn’t it? Here
comes the bus, doesn’t it 4. 如果陳述部分的主語是this, that，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語用it;如果陳述部分的主語是these, those ，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語用they,。 This is
an old picture, isn’t it? Those
are very famous pictures, aren’t they? 5．如果陳述句部分含有no, nobody, never, hardly, few, little, neither, none, seldom等表示否定意義的詞時(shí)，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分應(yīng)用肯定形式,。 There’s
little water in the bottle, is there? She can
hardly speak English, can she? 6．如果陳述句部分含有否定的前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的表示否定意義的詞時(shí),，那么應(yīng)將其看作肯定句，因而簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分用否定形式,。試比較： She
doesn’t feel happy, does she? She feels unhappy, doesn’t she That’s not possible, is it? That’s impossible, isn’t it? 7. 如果陳述部分的主語是一個(gè)分句、動(dòng)詞不定式或是分詞短語，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語用it. What he
said is right, isn’t it? Eating
too much is bad for your health, isn’t it? 8. 如果陳述句部分是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語與動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句的主語和動(dòng)詞保持一致。 He told
us Mrs. White wouldn’t come, didn’t he? She says
he is a good teacher, doesn’t she? 9. 如果陳述句部分是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句, 其謂語動(dòng)詞為think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“猜測(cè),、推斷”的詞時(shí),，且主句主語為第一人稱，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與從句保持一致,；若主句是否定時(shí),，還應(yīng)考慮否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 I think nothing
can make her laugh, can it? I didn’t
expect that she would come here soon, would she? I don’t
believe he is serious, is he? I’m sure
you have seen the film, haven’t you? 但當(dāng)主語為第二,、三人稱時(shí)，則簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句保持一致,。 She believes you are right, doesn’t she? John doesn’t think Mrs. Green has left the office yet, does he? You don’t think Jack will come, do you? 10. 如果陳述部分是感嘆句,，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分應(yīng)用否定式；若主語和謂語部分省略時(shí),，則一般用動(dòng)詞be的現(xiàn)在式,。 How hard
they worked, didn’t they? How
well she dances, doesn’t she? What a
clever boy, isn’t he?
What beautiful flowers, aren’t they? 11. 如果陳述部分為祈使句，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分除了以Let’s開頭的用shall we?之外，其它不論是肯定還是否定,，其疑問部分一律可用will you? Let’s
go boating, shall we? Don’t
open the door, will you? Let us
go to the cinema, will you? 12. 如果陳述部分是個(gè)并列句,，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分應(yīng)與接近的分句的主語和謂語保持一致。 Mary is
a doctor but her brother isn’t (a doctor), is he? I help
her and she helps me, doesn’t she? Tom is
interested in sports while his sister is interested in music, isn’t she? 13. 如果陳述部分是以“I am…”開頭,，因am與not之間沒有縮寫形式,，因此，簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分通常用aren’t I 或am I not ,；若陳述部分為“I am not…” 時(shí),，則應(yīng)用am I 。 I am a
middle school student, aren’t I? I am not
a manager, am I? 14. 如果陳述部分含有“too …to ”或“neither… nor”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),，那么因其含有否定含義,，所以簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分應(yīng)用其肯定形式。 He is
too young to carry the bag, is he? She can
neither sing nor dance, can she? The
apples are too high to reach, are they? 15. 如果陳述部分 的謂語為wish 時(shí),，那么其疑問部分可用 “may+主語”的形式,。 I wish
to fly to the moon in a spaceship some day, may I? Tom
wishes to meet her at the airport, may he? We wish
we could see the most beautiful animal in the zoo, may we? 16. 如果陳述部分的兩個(gè)主語是由not … but 連接時(shí)，那么因其強(qiáng)調(diào)的是后者,，所以其后的疑問部分的主語應(yīng)與后者保持一致,。 Not Tom
but you are right, aren’t you? Not we
but Mary has been to the Great Wall, hasn’t she? 17. 如果陳述部分的兩個(gè)主語是由not only… but also, neither…nor, both…and, and等連接時(shí), 那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Not only
I but also she has read the story, haven’t we? Neither
you nor he lives there, do you? 18. 如果陳述部分的謂語動(dòng)詞是“used to+動(dòng)詞原形”時(shí),，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分既可用usedn’t,，也可用 didn’t ;但在表示存在的there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，則只能用 wasn’t/weren’t there形式,。 He used
to smoke, usedn’t /didn’t he? There used to be an old stone bridge over the river, wasn’t there? 19. 在no/half/all/some 及some/each/none of…結(jié)構(gòu)中,，如果后接不可數(shù)名詞，那么其簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語為it,；如果后接可數(shù)名詞或代詞復(fù)數(shù),，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的主語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式they,。 None of
the water is clean, is it? None of
the boys went there, did they? 20. 如果陳述部分有表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can’t, may, must等時(shí)，那么其疑問部分的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的或助動(dòng)詞保持一致。 He may
leave at any time, doesn’t he 他隨時(shí)都可能離開,，不是嗎？ She
can’t be a singer, is she? 她不可能是歌手,，是嗎,？ 但當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞是完成時(shí)態(tài)：若句中有明顯的過去時(shí)間狀語，則疑問部分的動(dòng)詞形式用didn’t,；若句中沒有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語,，則疑問部分的動(dòng)詞形式用haven’t/hasn’t. She must
have arrived there yesterday, didn’t she?
她昨天一定到那兒了，不對(duì)嗎,？ The boss
must have gone to the station, hasn’t he? 老板一定去車站了,，不是嗎,？ You must
have studied English for many years, haven’t you? 你一定學(xué)了多年英語，不是嗎,？ 21．如果陳述部分的謂語動(dòng)詞是have: ⑴ 若have的含義為“有”,，則其簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分可用haven’t或don’t的適當(dāng)形式。 Jack has a few friends here, hasn’t/doesn’t
he? ⑵ 若have的含義不為“有”,，則其簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分只能借助于助動(dòng)詞,。 They
have sports at 5:00 in the afternoon, don’t they? ⑶ 若have 作為助動(dòng)詞，則其簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分只能在其后加上not,，用 haven’t 的適當(dāng)形式,。 She has
seen the film, hasn’t she? They
have gone to the zoo, haven’t they? 22. 如果陳述部分含有動(dòng)詞need,
dare 時(shí)，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)視其在句中作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還是助動(dòng)詞的具體情況而定,。 You
needn’t go with her, need you? He
doesn’t need to come here today, does he? 23.如果陳述部分含有縮略形式’d時(shí),，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)注意分清是用had 還是would 。 You’d
better come to see her tomorrow, hadn’t you? He’d
like not to do it, would he? 24．如果陳述部分含有縮略形式’s時(shí),，那么簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)注意分清是用is還是has,。 She’s a
doctor, isn’t she? She’s
been to the Great Wall, hasn’t she? 25．如果陳述部分的開頭有語氣詞So、Ah等詞時(shí),，因其通常帶有感情色彩,，故其疑問部分的肯定與否定應(yīng)與前句保持一致，因其并非是表示“反意”,，而是屬于同向疑問尾句,。 So you
aren’t a manager, aren’t you? Ah, he
is a professor, is he? 26．如果陳述部分的謂語動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)ought to時(shí)，那么其疑問部分的動(dòng)詞可用oughtn’t或shouldn’t,。 We ought
to finish the work today, oughtn’t/
shouldn’t we? 27．如果陳述部分為“It is said /reported/told that …”句式,，那么其疑問部分的主謂語應(yīng)與that從句保持一致。 It is said that you have
been to the Great Wall, haven’t you? 28．如果陳述部分的謂語動(dòng)詞含有must： ⑴ 如果表示“必須”時(shí),，那么其疑問部分的動(dòng)詞可用needn’t,。 We must
start early, needn’t we? ⑵ 如果表示“應(yīng)該”時(shí),，那么其疑問部分的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用mustn’t,。 We must
study hard, mustn’t we? ⑶ 如果表示“禁止”時(shí)，通常用的是mustn’t,，那么其疑問部分的動(dòng)詞可用must或may,。 We mustn’t be late, must/may we? You
mustn’t stay at home any longer,
must/may you? 郵編223711手機(jī)13851353226郵箱[email protected]地址:江蘇泗陽王集中心學(xué)校 |
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