英語音標發(fā)音規(guī)則
一,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a
在開音節(jié)中
[ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在閉音節(jié)中
[?] bag dad hat map black back
e
在開音節(jié)中
[i:] he these me Chinese
在閉音節(jié)中
[e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在開音節(jié)中
[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在閉音節(jié)中
[i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在開音節(jié)中
[?u] those close go hoe home no
在閉音節(jié)中
[?] clock not box shop sock
u
在開音節(jié)中
[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在閉音節(jié)中
[?]bus cup jump much lunch
在開音節(jié)中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二,元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a
[?] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
e
[?] hundred student open weekend
[?:] nerve serve term
[i] chicken pocket begin children
i
[i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o
[?] second tonight somebody welcome
[?u] also zero photo
u
[?] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
動詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate
u處在開音節(jié)位置,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時,讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
三,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音
元音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a在[w]音后面
[?] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前
[?u] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[?] come monkey love mother
四,-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字組
讀 音
例 詞
ar
ar在[w]音后面
[a:] car farm dark sharpener
[?:] warm quarter towards
or
or在[w]音后面
[?:] forty morning short
[?:] word worker worse
er ir ur
[?:] certainly bird Thursday
輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音.例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五,-re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字組
讀 音
例 詞
are
[??] care dare hare
ere
[i?] here mere
ire
[ai?] fire hire wire
ore
[?:] more score before
ure
[ju?] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中,ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]音,例如:picture pleasure
重讀元音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀,字母Rr讀[r]音.
例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長音短化現(xiàn)象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字組
讀 音
例 詞
ai/ay
[ei] afraid rain wait day play
air
[ai?] air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前
[?] small ball talk wall all
[?:l] always also salt almost bald
[a:] half calm
au/aw
[?:] autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear
[i?] hear dear near clear year
[ε?] bear pear wear
[?:] earth learn early
ee
[i:] jeep week green three
eer
[i?] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后
[ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew
ie/ei在[s]音之后
[i:] piece field receive
oa
[?u] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor
[?:] roar board door floor
oi/oy
[?i] noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:] broom food tooth school
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au] flower house count down
[?u] know row throw though
[?] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our
[?:] course your four
[au?] our hour ours
[?:] journey
ui
在j l r s后
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七,非重讀音節(jié)中元音字組和字群的讀音
元音字組或字群
讀 音
例 詞
ai/ay ei/ey
[i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[E]音或[i].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[∫n] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[?n] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[t∫?n] question suggestion
-sten
[sn] listen
-stle
[sl] whistle
-sure
[??] pleasure measure
-ture
[t∫?] picture culture
八,元字組在復合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
復合詞中的第二部分不標注重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀.
例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[?]
blackboard[?:]
有些詞隨著語言的發(fā)展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞.其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音.
例如:
sun太陽 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中斷 + fast[a:]齋戒 > breakfast[?] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜
九,輔字組的讀音
輔字組
讀 音
例 詞
b
[b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c
c在e前或在i/y前
[k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch
[t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[∫] machine
-ck
[k] cock pocket black knock
d
[d] doctor bread hand day
-dge
[d?] bridge fridge
dr-
[dr] children driver drink
f
[f] five four breakfast
g
g在e i/y前
[g] bag gardon go
[d?] orange large German
gh
[f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue
gu在非重讀音節(jié)中
[g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h
[h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j
[d?] jeep jar joke join July
k
[k] kind bike skate make week
kn-
[n] knife know knock
l
[l] life milk school tall
m
[m] monkey come autumn
-mn
[m] autumn column
n
n在[k] [g]音前
[n] not shine ten note
[?] uncle thank hungry
-ng
[?] morning young wrong
p
[p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph
[f] elephant photo telephone
q
[k] Iraq
qu-
[kw] quality quite
r
[r] red rubber ruler