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17-18世紀英國金屬貨幣名稱及換算單位小計

 daoremi 2010-11-04

現(xiàn)在一英鎊被劃分成100份,,1/100鎊是一便士,單數(shù)penny1 penny),,復數(shù)pence2 pence),,生活中一般就用P代替(1P, 5P, 20P)。
1971
年以前,一英鎊是被劃分為240份,, 主要貨幣單位是鎊(pound),,便士和先令(shilling),所以傳統(tǒng)的貨幣系統(tǒng)又叫做£sd£=pound, s=shilling, d=penny),,或者L.S.D,。
£sd
最小的貨幣單位仍然是便士,但是1 pound = 240 pence,,換句話說,,當年的便士的面值和今天是不同的。先令和鎊,,便士的換算方式是:1 pound (£1) = 20 shillings (20s),,1 shilling (1s) = 12 pence (12d)。至于前面提到的2/6實際上是2先令6便士的另一種寫法,,而5先令整也可以寫成5/-,。如果再加上鎊,比如214先令5便士,,可以寫成£2 14s 5d,,或者2/14/5,看上去有點像日期,。


金幣
皇家玫瑰 Rose noble ,,1皇家玫瑰=2英鎊=40先令
Rose noble (ryal) = 10/- = £0.5, = 15/- = £0.75 from 1553, (1464–1470, 1487, 1553–1603); Rose ryal = 30/- = £1.5 (1604–1625);
Spur ryal = 15/- = £0.75 (1604–1625)
君主Sovereign,,1君主=1.5英鎊=30先令,。這以下似乎都是鎊或鎊的另一種說法。
Half sovereign = 10/- = £0.5 (1544–1553; 1603–1604; 1817–1937)
Sovereign =20/- = £1 (1489–1604; 1817–1937)
幾尼Guinea,,最初是用幾內(nèi)亞的黃金鑄造的,,因此得名。又稱畿尼,。幾尼。這個經(jīng)??吹降?。一幾尼等于二十一先令,比英鎊面值還大一點,,是刻有喬治像的半克朗
Quarter guinea = 5/3 = £0.2625 (1718, 1762)
Third guinea = 7/- = £0.35 (1797–1813)
Half guinea = 10/6 = £0.525 (1669–1813)
Guinea = 21/- = £1.05 (1663–1799, 1813)
Two guineas / double guinea: originally = 40/- = £2, later = 42/- £2.1 (1664–1753)
Five guineas: originally = 100/- = £5, later = 105/- = £5.25 (1668–1753)

銀幣
英鎊 Pound Sovereign,,1英鎊=20先令,最初一英鎊等于一磅白銀,,因此得名,,但是只是征稅用的貨幣單位,因此沒有具體貨幣。后來才鑄造金幣,。Pound,。Two pounds = 40/- = £2 (1823–1937) Five pounds = 100/- = £5 (1826–1990) 金幣,。一英鎊硬幣,2002年現(xiàn)時的英鎊又叫英鎊,,一英鎊等于100新便士(New Pence)。所有硬幣正面皆為英國君主像,,背面除鑄有幣值外,,在不同行政區(qū)所鑄的硬幣鑄有不同的圖案。但不論硬幣于那個行政區(qū)鑄造,,皆全國通用,。英國紙幣分為1(1988年停止流通)5鎊,,10鎊,,20鎊和50鎊,所有幣值的紙幣正面皆印有英國君主像,編號及幣值,,不同幣值的紙幣,,背面則印有不同的英國名人像。
半鎊 Half Sovereign,,等于0.5英鎊或10先令
Half pound = 10/- = £0.5 (1559–1602; 1642–1644)
兩克 Double Crown,,等于0.5英鎊或10先令,又名Angel,。 Angel,,也是中世紀貨幣。
Quarter angel = 2/- = £0.1 (1547–1600)
金幣,。
Half angel = 3/4 = £0.1667 later = 5/6 = £0.275 (1470–1619)
Angel = 6/8 = £0.3333 (1461–1643)
克郎Crown ,,1=5先令。也是巨老一貨幣,。
Half crown = 2/6 = £0.125 (1526–1969)
Crown of the rose = 4/6 = £0.225 (1526–1551)
Crown = 5/- = £0.25 (1526–1965)
Double crown = 10/- = £0.5 (1604–1619; 1625–1662)
弗羅林Florin ,,1弗羅林=2先令。這種貨幣分為兩個系統(tǒng),,一個是中世紀florin,,half florin, quarter florin,這三種是金幣,,原本還用于歐洲大陸的交易,;另一個是后來的維多利亞florindouble florin。這兩個系統(tǒng)的florin面值不同,。不過中世紀那一套用了一年就沒在用了,,據(jù)說因為含金量不達標,歐洲的商人不收。
Quarter florin (helm) = 1/6 = £0.075 (1344)
Florin (two shillings) = 2/- = £0.1 (1848–1970)
Half florin (leopard) = 3/- = £0.15 (1344)
Double florin =4/- = £0.2 (1887–1890)
銀幣,。
Florin (double leopard) = 6/- = £0.3 (1344)
先令Shilling,,1先令=20便士。先令(Shilling),,符號(/-),是英國的舊輔幣單位,。先令是一種金幣,起源非常早,,可以追溯到羅馬帝國時代的蘇勒德斯幣,,便士(pence)是小額銀幣,在中世紀,,它的名字第納爾,、德涅爾或許更為人熟知。英國最早使用先令,。一英鎊等于20先令,。1971年英國貨幣改革時被廢除。與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:
Shilling = 1/- = £0.05 (1502–1970)
Two shillings = 2/- = £0.1] (1848–1970)
Fifty shillings = 50/- = £2.5 (1656)
四便士Groat,。1 groat = 4d,,與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:
Half groat = 2d = £0.0083] (1351–1662)
Groat = 4d = £0.0167 (silver 1279–1662, 1836–1862)
侏儒Dandyprat 等于2便士

銅幣
便士Penny,與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:
Halfpenny = 1/2 d = £0.0021 (1272–1969)
One penny = 1d = £0.0042 (757–1970)
Three halfpence = 1½d = £0.0063 (1561–1582, 1834–1870)
Twopence = 2d = £0.0083 (silver 1668–current; copper 1797–1798)
Threepence = 3d = £0.0125 (silver 1547–1945; nickel-brass 1937–1970)
Sixpence = 6d = £0.025 (1547–1970)
Gold penny = 1/8 [£0.0833] to 2/- [£0.1] (1257–1265)
純金的,。稀有?,F(xiàn)如今很值錢。
半便士Hapenny,,等于1/2便士,。
1/4
便士Farthing 1 farthing = 0.25 penny,,這個拼法的來源是英文“fourth part”,,意為便士的四分之一。曾出現(xiàn)過的與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:
Quarter farthing = 1/16 d = £0.00026 (1839–1868)
Third farthing = 1/12 d = £0.0003472 (1827–1913)
Half farthing = 1/8 d = £0.00052083 (1828–1868)
Farthing = 1/4 d = £0.00104167 (1200–1960)
Three farthings = 3/4 d =£0.0031 (1561–1582)


這些都是維多利亞時代的貨幣或面值,,這個時期稱為Pre-decimal,,也就是1英鎊=240d的時期。自從1英鎊被劃分為100份之后(1英鎊=100p),,英國貨幣就進入了decimal時期?,F(xiàn)在的硬幣系統(tǒng)要簡單的多,我們只有poundpenny,。

【轉(zhuǎn)】古老的英國貨幣制度2008-11-12 16:41http://autumnppg./logs/19897758.html

 

現(xiàn)在一英鎊被劃分成100份,,1/100鎊是一便士,,單數(shù)penny1 penny),,復數(shù)pence2 pence),生活中一般就用P代替(1P, 5P, 20P)。1971年以前,,一英鎊是被劃分為240份,, 主要貨幣單位是鎊(pound),便士和先令(shilling),,所以傳統(tǒng)的貨幣系統(tǒng)又叫做£sd£=pound, s=shilling, d=penny),,或者L.S.D。其中最小的貨幣單位仍然是便士,,但是1 pound = 240 pence,,換句話說,當年的便士的面值和今天是不同的,。先令和鎊,,便士的換算方式是:1 pound (£1) = 20 shillings (20s)1 shilling (1s) = 12 pence (12d),。至于前面提到的2/6實際上是2先令6便士的另一種寫法,,而5先令整也可以寫成5/-。如果再加上鎊,,比如214先令5便士,,可以寫成£2 14s 5d,或者2/14/5,,看上去有點像日期,。

 

£sd是貨幣系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分,但是在談到不同面值的硬幣的時候還會冒出來一些奇怪的名稱,。 不過如果搞清了£sd的規(guī)則,,把其他的也搞清就不是那么困難了。

 

Farthing,。1 farthing = 0.25 penny,,這個拼法的來源是英文“fourth part”,意為便士的四分之一,。曾出現(xiàn)過的與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:

    Quarter farthing = 1/16 d = £0.00026 (1839–1868)

    Third farthing = 1/12 d = £0.0003472 (1827–1913)

    Half farthing = 1/8 d = £0.00052083 (1828–1868)

    Farthing = 1/4 d = £0.00104167 (1200–1960)

    Three farthings = 3/4 d =£0.0031 (1561–1582)

 

Penny,。剛才說過了,與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:

    Halfpenny = 1/2 d = £0.0021 (1272–1969)

    One penny = 1d = £0.0042 (757–1970)

    Three halfpence = 1½d = £0.0063 (1561–1582, 1834–1870)

    Twopence = 2d = £0.0083 (silver 1668–current; copper 1797–1798)

    Threepence = 3d = £0.0125 (silver 1547–1945; nickel-brass 1937–1970)

    Sixpence = 6d = £0.025 (1547–1970)

    Gold penny = 1/8 [£0.0833] to 2/- [£0.1] (12571265) 純金的,。稀有?,F(xiàn)如今很值錢。

 

Groat,。1 groat = 4d,,與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:

    Half groat = 2d = £0.0083] (1351–1662)

    Groat = 4d = £0.0167 (silver 1279–1662, 1836–1862)

 

Shilling。剛才說過了,,與之相關(guān)的硬幣面值有:

    Shilling = 1/- = £0.05 (1502–1970)

    Two shillings = 2/- = £0.1] (1848–1970)

    Fifty shillings = 50/- = £2.5 (1656)

 

Florin,。這種貨幣分為兩個系統(tǒng),,一個是中世紀florinhalf florin, quarter florin,,這三種是金幣,,原本還用于歐洲大陸的交易;另一個是后來的維多利亞florindouble florin,。這兩個系統(tǒng)的florin面值不同,。不過中世紀那一套用了一年就沒在用了,據(jù)說因為含金量不達標,,歐洲的商人不收(囧),。

    Quarter florin (helm) = 1/6 = £0.075 (1344)

    Florin (two shillings) = 2/- = £0.1 (1848–1970)

    Half florin (leopard) = 3/- = £0.15 (1344)

    Double florin =4/- = £0.2 (18871890) 銀幣。

    Florin (double leopard) = 6/- = £0.3 (1344)

 

Noble,。這種貨幣最早等于6先令8便士,,后來還升值了,變成8先令4便士,。

    Quarter noble = 1/8 = £0.0833 (1344–1470)

    Half noble = 3/4 = £0.1667, raised = 4/2 = £0.2083 (1464) 鑄造于(1346-1438)

    Noble = 6/8 = £0.3333, raised = 8/4 = £0.4167 (1464), (1344–1464)

    Rose noble (ryal) = 10/- = £0.5, = 15/- = £0.75 from 1553, (1464–1470, 1487, 1553–1603);

    Rose ryal = 30/- = £1.5 (1604–1625);

    Spur ryal = 15/- = £0.75 (1604–1625)

 

Angel,。也是中世紀貨幣。

    Quarter angel = 2/- = £0.1 (15471600) 金幣,。

    Half angel = 3/4 = £0.1667 later = 5/6 = £0.275 (1470–1619)

    Angel = 6/8 = £0.3333 (1461–1643)

 

Crown,。也是巨老一貨幣。

    Half crown = 2/6 = £0.125 (15261969) 那時候一本企鵝小說就這個價,。

    Crown of the rose = 4/6 = £0.225 (1526–1551)

    Crown = 5/- = £0.25 (1526–1965)

    Double crown = 10/- = £0.5 (1604–1619; 1625–1662)

 

Guinea,。來了,幾尼,。這個經(jīng)??吹降摹R粠啄岬扔诙幌攘?,比英鎊面值還大一點,,怪吧?

    Quarter guinea = 5/3 = £0.2625 (1718, 1762)

    Third guinea = 7/- = £0.35 (1797–1813)

    Half guinea = 10/6 = £0.525 (1669–1813)

    Guinea = 21/- = £1.05 (1663–1799, 1813)

    Two guineas / double guinea: originally = 40/- = £2, later = 42/- £2.1 (1664–1753)

    Five guineas: originally = 100/- = £5, later = 105/- = £5.25 (1668–1753)

 

Mark,。都鐸年代的貨幣,。

    Half mark = 6/8 = £0.333

    Mark = 13/4 = £0.667

 

Sovereign。這以下似乎都是鎊或鎊的另一種說法,。

    Half sovereign = 10/- = £0.5 (1544–1553; 1603–1604; 1817–1937)

    Sovereign =20/- = £1 (1489–1604; 1817–1937)

 

Pound,。

    Halfpound = 10/- = £0.5 (1559–1602; 1642–1644)

    Two pounds = 40/- = £2 (1823–1937)

    Five pounds = 100/- = £5 (18261990) 金幣。

 

Laurel,。

    Half laurel = 10/- = £0.5 (1619–1625)

    Laurel = 20/- = £1 (1619–1644)

 

Unite,。

    Half unite = 10/- = £0.5 (1642–1643)

    Unite = 20/- = £1 (1604–1619; 1649–1662)

    Triple unite = 60/- = £3 (1642–1644)

 

最后是兩個比較特殊的。

    Carolus = 20/- = £1, later = 23/- =1.15 (查理一世統(tǒng)治時期)

    Broad = 20/- = £1 (1656)

 

這些都是1971年之前的貨幣或面值,,這個時期稱為Pre-decimal,,也就是1英鎊=240d的時期,。自從1英鎊被劃分為100份之后(1英鎊=100p),英國貨幣就進入了decimal時期?,F(xiàn)在的硬幣系統(tǒng)要簡單的多,我們只有poundpenny,。

 

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