話說這個學(xué)期我們有一門課叫“中間件”，老師叫我們做一個基于TCP的聊天程序,，主要結(jié)構(gòu)如圖
1.所有Client端需要與Server端連接（感覺這句話好白癡,，TCP肯定要連接了才能工作）
2.Client端的功能是可以群發(fā)和私聊（用過QQ都應(yīng)該知道什么是群發(fā)和私聊吧），但都必須經(jīng)過Server端中轉(zhuǎn),，也就是實現(xiàn)了類似通訊中間件的功能,。
PS:開始寫之前我是對網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程這塊完全沒有認(rèn)識的，上網(wǎng)找了幾個TCP的程序,，都是只能實現(xiàn)群發(fā)功能,，或者只能實現(xiàn)client與server之間相互發(fā)的功能，
還沒有哪個是可以實現(xiàn)上面所說的功能的程序的（如果有的請留言給我,，我去下一個下來學(xué)習(xí)一下,，O(∩_∩)O謝謝）。
實現(xiàn)方法有好多,，用Socket類可以實現(xiàn),，用 TcpClient類和TcpListener類也可以實現(xiàn)，我就選擇了后者,，因為比較簡單,。
下面就列一下我用到的技術(shù)：
多線程，異步回調(diào),，委托,，設(shè)計模式的觀察者模式…………
先讓大家看一下客戶端和服務(wù)器端的界面先吧（本人不會做界面，而且界面上有很多Label是用來檢查接收的情況,，請大家選擇性過濾掉）
server端的
client端的
1.Server端先啟動服務(wù),新建一個線程,，綁定一個套接字,之后監(jiān)聽
2.Client端點擊連接之后，就會與Server端建立連接,。
3.每當(dāng)有一個Client加入Server時,，Server都會通知所有的Client更新用戶列表（觀察者模式）
4.點私聊和用戶之后，就可以私聊；點群發(fā),，就發(fā)個所有用戶,。
代碼解說，先看看解決方案
先說一下client端
  聲明變量
System.Collections.ArrayList clientlist = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
private bool isExit = false;
private delegate void SetListBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback;
private delegate void SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack(string str);
private SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack settextboxreceivecallback;
private delegate void SetComboBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetComboBoxCallBack setcomboboxcallback;
private delegate void RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
private RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack removecomboboxcallback;
private TcpClient client;
private NetworkStream ns;
private ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
構(gòu)造函數(shù)
public ClientMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
setlistboxcallback = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetListBox); //注冊listbox回調(diào)函數(shù)
settextboxreceivecallback = new SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack(SetTextBoxReceive); ////注冊textbox回調(diào)函數(shù)
setcomboboxcallback = new SetComboBoxCallBack(SetComboBox); ////注冊combobox回調(diào)函數(shù)
removecomboboxcallback = new RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(RemoveComboBoxItems);
} //注冊combobox刪除的回調(diào)函數(shù)
連接按鈕
//連接按鈕事件
private void btn_Connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
client = new TcpClient(AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
IPAddress serverip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_Server.Text);
//采用的是異步方式
AsyncCallback receiveCallBack = new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallBack);
allDone.Reset();
try
{//開始連接
client.BeginConnect(serverip, Convert.ToInt32(txt_Port.Text),receiveCallBack,client);
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, string.Format("本機終結(jié)點：{0}", client.Client.LocalEndPoint));
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, "開始與服務(wù)器連接");
allDone.WaitOne();
btn_Connect.Enabled = false;
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("登錄服務(wù)器失敗,，請確認(rèn)服務(wù)器是否正常工作,！");
}
}
 接收和回調(diào)
//接收回調(diào)函數(shù)
private void ReceiveCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
allDone.Set();
try
{
client = (TcpClient)iar.AsyncState;
client.EndConnect(iar);
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, string.Format("與服務(wù)器{0}連接成功", client.Client.RemoteEndPoint));
ns = client.GetStream();
DataRead dataRead = new DataRead(ns, client.ReceiveBufferSize);
ns.BeginRead(dataRead.msg, 0, dataRead.msg.Length, ReadCallBack, dataRead);
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("已經(jīng)與服務(wù)器斷開連接！");
this.Close();
}
}
//讀取回調(diào)函數(shù)
private void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
DataRead dataread = (DataRead)iar.AsyncState;
int recv = dataread.ns.EndRead(iar);
lbluserlist.Text = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(dataread.msg, 0, recv);
string userlist1 = lbluserlist.Text;
if (userlist1.StartsWith("#"))
{
lb_Users.Items.Clear();
string[] abc = userlist1.Split(new char[] { '#' });
for (int i = 1; i < abc.Length ; i++)
lb_Users.Items.Add(abc[i]);
}
else
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, Encoding.Unicode.GetString(dataread.msg, 0, recv));
if (isExit == false)
{
dataread = new DataRead(ns, client.ReceiveBufferSize);
ns.BeginRead(dataread.msg, 0, dataread.msg.Length, ReadCallBack, dataread);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
finally
{ }
}
發(fā)送功能
//發(fā)送按鈕事件
private void btn_Send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//如果群發(fā)按鈕被選中時
if (rbteam.Checked == true)
{
//lb_Users.SelectedItems.Clear();
SendString(txt_SendMsg.Text);
}
//如果私聊按鈕被選中時
else if (rbself.Checked == true)
{
if (lb_Users.SelectedItem != null)
SendString("#" + lb_Users.SelectedItem.ToString().Trim() + "#" + txt_SendMsg.Text);
//label10.Text = "#" + lb_Users.SelectedItem.ToString().Trim() + "#" + txt_SendMsg.Text;
else
MessageBox.Show("你還沒有選取要私聊的對象");
}
//label9.Text = "對大家說:" + txt_SendMsg.Text;
txt_SendMsg.Clear();
}
//發(fā)送函數(shù)
private void SendString(string str)
{
try
{
byte[] bytesdata = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str + "\r\n");
ns.BeginWrite(bytesdata, 0, bytesdata.Length, new AsyncCallback(SendCallBack), ns);
ns.Flush();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
finally
{ }
}
//發(fā)送回調(diào)函數(shù)
private void SendCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
ns.EndWrite(iar);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
finally
{ }
}
回調(diào)函數(shù)的實現(xiàn)
//listbox回調(diào)函數(shù)
private void SetListBox(string str)
{
lb_Users.Items.Add(str);
}
//txtbox回調(diào)函數(shù)
private void SetTextBoxReceive(string str)
{
txt_ReceiveMsg.AppendText(str+"\r\n");
}
在看看Server端
開始階段
public ServerMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
setlistboxcallback = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetLbListBox);
setlistboxcallback2 = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetListBox);
removelistboxcallback = new RemoveListBoxCallBack(RemoveListBoxItems);
setcomboboxcallback = new SetComboBoxCallBack(SetComboBox);
removecomboboxcallback = new RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(RemoveComboBoxItems);
}
private bool isExit = false;
System.Collections.ArrayList clientlist = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
TcpListener listener;
private delegate void SetListBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback;
private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback2;
private delegate void RemoveListBoxCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
private RemoveListBoxCallBack removelistboxcallback;
private ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
private delegate void SetComboBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetComboBoxCallBack setcomboboxcallback;
private delegate void RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
private RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack removecomboboxcallback;
//開始服務(wù)按鈕
private void btn_Start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//新建線程接受connect
Thread myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(AcceptConnection));
myThread.Start();
btn_Start.Enabled = false;
btn_End.Enabled=true;
}
//線程AcceptConnection
private void AcceptConnection()
{
IPAddress[] ip = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
//IPAddress ipp = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.76.103");
listener = new TcpListener(ip[0], Convert.ToInt32(txt_ServerPort.Text));
listener.Start();
while (isExit == false)
{
try
{
allDone.Reset();
AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback(AcceptTcpClientCallBack);
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, "開始等待連接");
listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(callback, listener);
allDone.WaitOne();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
break;
}
finally
{ }
}
}
private void AcceptTcpClientCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
allDone.Set();
TcpListener mylistener = (TcpListener)iar.AsyncState;
TcpClient client = mylistener.EndAcceptTcpClient(iar);
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, "已接收客戶連接" + client.Client.RemoteEndPoint);
listBox1.Invoke(setlistboxcallback2, client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
comboBox1.Invoke(setcomboboxcallback, client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
DataReadWrite datareadwrite = new DataReadWrite(client);
clientlist.Add(datareadwrite);
//發(fā)送成員列表,，這里用了觀察者模式
SendList();
//與服務(wù)器連接后的不同的客戶端的datareadwrite開始異步接收數(shù)據(jù)
datareadwrite.ns.BeginRead(datareadwrite.read, 0, datareadwrite.read.Length, ReadCallBack, datareadwrite);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
//MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
return;
}
finally
{ }
}
private void SendList()
{
string userlist = "";
for (int i = 0; i < clientlist.Count; i++)
{
userlist = userlist + "#" + ((DataReadWrite)clientlist[i]).client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
label14.Text = userlist;
}
foreach (DataReadWrite drw in clientlist)
SendString(drw, userlist);
}
運行階段
//讀取消息回調(diào)函數(shù)
private void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
DataReadWrite datareadwrite = (DataReadWrite)iar.AsyncState;
try
{
int recv = datareadwrite.ns.EndRead(iar);
string aa = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(datareadwrite.read, 0, recv);
//string bb = "";
stringaa.Text = aa;
if (isExit == false)
{
if (aa.Substring(0, 1) != "#") //群發(fā)為#,，沒有則為單發(fā)
{
aa = aa.Insert(0, datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "對大家說:");
//stringbb.Text = aa.Substring(1, aa.Length-1);
foreach (DataReadWrite drw in clientlist)
SendString(drw, aa);
}
else //私聊時截取ip地址，收到的信息為“#192.168.76.102:3315#消息”
{
int c=aa.LastIndexOf("#"); //截取ip地址的位置index
string ipaddress = aa.Substring(1, c - 1); //截取ip地址
for (int i = 0; i <= listBox1.Items.Count - 1; i++)
{
if (ipaddress == listBox1.Items[i].ToString())
{
//找到需要發(fā)送的對象
DataReadWrite obj = (DataReadWrite)clientlist[i];
//增加發(fā)送源的IP地址和端口號
aa = aa.Insert(c + 1, datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "跟你說：");
SendString(obj, aa.Substring(c+1));
break;
//MessageBox.Show(aa.Substring(c, aa.Length - 2));
}
}
}
datareadwrite.ns.BeginRead(datareadwrite.read, 0, datareadwrite.read.Length, ReadCallBack, datareadwrite);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
//SendList();
}
finally
{ }
}
//發(fā)送消息
private void SendString(DataReadWrite datareadwrite, string str)
{
try
{
datareadwrite.write = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str + "\r\n");
datareadwrite.ns.BeginWrite(datareadwrite.write, 0, datareadwrite.write.Length, new AsyncCallback(SendCallBack), datareadwrite);
datareadwrite.ns.Flush();
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, string.Format("向{0}發(fā)送：{1}", datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint, str));
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Items.Add(e.Message);
//發(fā)送失敗時,，清除發(fā)送不成功的IP地址
listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
//SendList();
}
finally
{
}
}
//發(fā)送回調(diào)
private void SendCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
DataReadWrite datareadwrite = (DataReadWrite)iar.AsyncState;
try
{
datareadwrite.ns.EndRead(iar);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
}
finally
{ }
}
//停止服務(wù)按鈕
private void btn_End_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
isExit = true;
allDone.Set();
btn_Start.Enabled = true;
btn_End.Enabled = false;
lst_ServerList.Items.Add("服務(wù)器于" + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "停止運行.");
}
回調(diào)函數(shù)實現(xiàn)
private void RemoveListBoxItems(DataReadWrite datareadwrite)
{
int index = clientlist.IndexOf(datareadwrite);
listBox1.Items.RemoveAt(index);
}
private void SetListBox(string str)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(str);
}
private void SetLbListBox(string str)
{
lst_ServerList.Items.Add(str);
lst_ServerList.SelectedIndex = listBox1.Items.Count - 1;
lst_ServerList.ClearSelected();
}
private void RemoveComboBoxItems(DataReadWrite datareadwrite)
{
int index = clientlist.IndexOf(datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Items.RemoveAt(index);
}
private void SetComboBox(object obj)
{
comboBox1.Items.Add(obj);
}
再介紹一下DataReadWrite類,，這個類是實現(xiàn)將一個client的屬性和功能集成到一個類中，主要是負(fù)責(zé)處理數(shù)據(jù)的,，包括一個tcpclient對象,，
一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)流對象，2個負(fù)責(zé)讀寫的字節(jié)數(shù)組
DataReadWrite
public class DataReadWrite
{
public TcpClient client;
public NetworkStream ns;
public byte[] read;
public byte[] write;
public DataReadWrite(TcpClient client)
{
this.client = client;
ns = client.GetStream();
read = new byte[client.ReceiveBufferSize];
write = new byte[client.SendBufferSize];
}
public void InitReadArray()
{
read = new byte[client.ReceiveBufferSize];
}
public void InitWriteArray()
{
write = new byte[client.SendBufferSize];
}
在構(gòu)造函數(shù)里得到連接上服務(wù)器的句柄,，包含服務(wù)器的IP地址信息,，從client對象上得到流對象，流對象就是用來在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上進行流的讀寫,。
以下是實現(xiàn)的截圖
嘗試了群發(fā)和私聊
由于是新手,，所以里面用詞方面可能有些不準(zhǔn)確，而且程序這是初成品,，還有很多方面的BUG,。例如退出時會發(fā)生異常，當(dāng)有人離開時,，列表不會更新,。
希望大家看了之后給點意見和建議，謝謝大家撒,。有空多留言,，謝謝
參考書籍:《visual c#網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程技術(shù)與實踐》和《c#網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用高級編程》
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