小議動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)是gerund，我們先來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下這個(gè)單詞：

gerund[5dVerEnd]n.【語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞,，拉丁語(yǔ)教師,，

學(xué)究式的老師

請(qǐng)大家試一試用慢讀五遍的方法來(lái)練習(xí)熟悉這個(gè)單詞：

gerund：ge [5dVe]——rund[rEnd]

可能需要大家注意的是rund中的u的發(fā)音是 [E],。

請(qǐng)大家一定要慢讀，像我們慢讀“漢——語(yǔ)”一樣把一個(gè)單詞分成幾個(gè)部分來(lái)讀。相信你只要讀到第三遍就已經(jīng)會(huì)寫(xiě)這個(gè)單詞了。

友情提示：一個(gè)單詞你只要會(huì)讀也就基本上會(huì)寫(xiě)了,，根本用不著把它分成一個(gè)一個(gè)的字母去“背”。請(qǐng)大家試一試,，看看我說(shuō)得對(duì)不對(duì),。而當(dāng)大家沒(méi)有“背”單詞的負(fù)擔(dān)，相信閱讀英語(yǔ)文章也就變成一件輕松有趣的事情,。

那么什么是動(dòng)名詞呢,？

請(qǐng)讀一讀下面這句話：

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun.

verbal[5vE:bEl]n.【語(yǔ)】動(dòng)詞的非限定形式(gerund, infinitive, participle) adj.言辭上的, 字句的, 口頭的，動(dòng)詞(性質(zhì))的（verb+al）

verb[vE:b]n.[語(yǔ)]動(dòng)詞

function[5fQNkFEn]v.活動(dòng), 運(yùn)行,n.官能, 功能(funct+ion)

如果你熟悉fun,，相信記憶function已經(jīng)不難,。

可以讀懂這句話嗎？

如果讀不懂,，請(qǐng)你暫時(shí)不要再研究“動(dòng)名詞”了,。請(qǐng)把精力放在聽(tīng)懂、讀懂《新概念英語(yǔ)》第三冊(cè)的課文上（請(qǐng)大家至少熟讀其中的五課）,。

下面請(qǐng)大家再讀一讀下面這一段：

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being.

term[tE:m]n.學(xué)期, 期限, 期間, 條款, 條件, 術(shù)語(yǔ)

聯(lián)想記憶 ：

team[ti:m]n.隊(duì), 組

base on  v.基于

indicate[5indikeit]vt.指示; 指出，表明（in+dic+ate）

dic, dict表“語(yǔ)言或文字”,，請(qǐng)復(fù)習(xí)一下diction, dictionary, predict,， prediction。

therefore[5TZEfC:]adv.因此, 所以（there+fore）

希望大家能讀懂上面這一段話,。下去我們?cè)賮?lái)讀一段:

However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

complement[5kCmplimEnt]n.補(bǔ)足物, [文法]補(bǔ)語(yǔ), [數(shù)]余角(com+ple+ment)

聯(lián)想記憶：

compliment[5kCmplimEnt]n.稱(chēng)贊, 恭維, 致意, 問(wèn)候, 道賀vt.稱(chēng)贊, 褒揚(yáng), 恭維（com+pli+ment）

相信大家注意一下complement中間的“ple”,、compliment中間的“pli”，你一定能夠很輕松地掌握這兩個(gè)單詞,。com-是很常見(jiàn)的前綴,，而-ment也是常用的名詞后綴。大家如果經(jīng)常讀博客里的文章相信早就已經(jīng)掌握了,。

preposition[7prepE5ziFEn]n.【語(yǔ)】前置詞; 介詞,，前面的位置（pre+posit+ion）

相信大家要是掌握了preposition這個(gè)單詞要比你硬記“前置詞”或“介詞”的概念更容易讀懂英語(yǔ)句子。

pre-在……前,，前

posit[5pCzit]v.安置

position[pE5ziFEn]n.位置, 職位, 立場(chǎng)(posit+ion)

如果大家掌握了preposition,，相信也可以比較容易地掌握proposition：

proposition[7prCpE5ziFEn]n.主張, 建議, 陳述, 命題(pro+position)

讀一讀，比一比：preposition —  proposition

我們?cè)谇懊娴奈恼吕镌?jīng)特別建議大家熟悉subject,、object,、adjective,。如果還不熟悉，請(qǐng)現(xiàn)在就嘗試通過(guò)自學(xué)掌握它們,。

下面的內(nèi)容請(qǐng)大家大概地讀一讀：

Gerund as subject:

·         Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.)

·         The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as direct object:

·         They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.)

·         They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

Gerund as subject complement:

·         My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.)

·         My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as object of preposition:

·         The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding.)

·         The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.)

A Gerund Phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:

The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.

Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying to do.

Finding (gerund)
a needle (direct object of action expressed in gerund)
in a haystack (prepositional phrase as adverb)

The gerund phrase functions as the direct object of the verb appreciate.

I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.

my (possessive pronoun adjective form, modifying the gerund)
offering (gerund)
you (indirect object of action expressed in gerund)
this opportunity (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

The gerund phrase functions as the subject complement.

Newt's favorite tactic has been lying to his constituents.

lying to (gerund)
his constituents (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition for.

You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.

faking (gerund)
an illness (direct object of action expressed in gerund)
to avoid work (infinitive phrase as adverb)

The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.

Being the boss made Jeff feel uneasy.

Being (gerund)
the boss (subject complement for Jeff, via state of being expressed in gerund)

Punctuation

A gerund virtually never requires any punctuation with it.

Points to remember:

1.    A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun.

2.    A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).

3.    Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation.