第八節(jié) 虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式,,表示說話人的一種愿望,,假設(shè),懷疑,,猜測,,建議等含義,虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實,。在條件句中的應(yīng)用,,條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,,一類為非真實條件句,。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語氣,。 一,、虛擬語氣在從句中的使用 虛擬語氣即表達不可能發(fā)生或與預(yù)期相反的情況。首先我們應(yīng)熟悉它在三種時態(tài)里的使用情況,,這是正確使用虛擬語氣的基礎(chǔ),。這三種時態(tài)是:現(xiàn)在;過去,;將來,。 1、表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬式 If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鳥,,我就會飛到你身邊去,。 If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 如果不是他們的幫忙,我們就會處于一個非常困難的境地,。 2,、表示過去的虛擬式 If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.如果我們早一點動身的話,就不會誤車了,。 If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了,,可能會來的 3、表示將來的虛擬式 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. 如果李教授明天有空的話,,我們可以問他點問題,。 If there should be no air, there would be no living things.如果沒有空氣,就不會有生物,。 二,、錯綜時間的虛擬句 通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的, 但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (從句指現(xiàn)在, 主句指過去)。 換成我是你,,我就會聽從他的建議,。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在)。 如果我今天早上帶了雨衣,,現(xiàn)在就不會被淋濕了,。 If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. (從句指過去,,主句指現(xiàn)在)。如果過去幾年里不努力工作,,現(xiàn)在的情況就不會如此順利了,。 If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在),。 如果當(dāng)時的天氣更好點,,現(xiàn)在的莊稼就會長得更好。 If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. (從句指現(xiàn)在,,主句指將來) 如果現(xiàn)在一切還沒準備好,,明天情況就更糟了。 三,、含蓄條件句 有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通過介詞短語來表示,。這些介詞常是:but for, without, otherwis等。如: But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是聽了你的建議,,我就不會做的如此成功,。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 沒有開放的政策,就不會有如此大的變化,。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我當(dāng)時很忙,,否則,我就會把答案告訴他的,。 |
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